scholarly journals Features of the structural-aggregate composition of ordinary chernozems under the steppe and forest vegetation

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
V. A. Gorban ◽  
A. O. Boloban
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Steppe Vegetation ◽  
Aggregate Composition ◽  
Common Oak ◽  
Structural Coefficient

The structural-aggregate composition is an important soil characteristic, which reflects the features of the genesis, condition and regimes of soils. The structural and aggregate composition of ordinary chernozems under zonal steppe vegetation and under artificial forest plantations from white acacia and common oak in the conditions of the Prisamaría was studied. As a result, it was found that in all the studied soils the greatest content falls on the fraction 2–1 mm in size. In ordinary chernozems in the upper horizons, under the stands of white acacia and common oak, an increase in the content of this agronomically valuable fraction is observed. Also in ordinary chernozem under forest stands, an increase in the value of the structural coefficient is observed compared with ordinary chernozem under steppe vegetation. In ordinary chernozem the most favorable effect of the growth of white acacia was found in horizon H, and the growth of ordinary oak in horizon H2, in which the highest values ​​of the structural coefficient were found. In the studied ordinary chernozems under the steppe and forest vegetation a predominance of the water-resistant fraction of size <0.25 mm is observed. The positive effect of white acacia and common oak plantations on the water resistance of aggregates of common chernozem in the upper horizons is manifested in a decrease in the content of the fraction of size <0.25 mm compared to ordinary chernozem. In ordinary chernozems under steppe vegetation the most favorable conditions for the formation of agronomically valuable fractions during dry sieving are characteristic of the lower horizons and for chernozems under forest stands in the upper horizons. In all the studied soils the highest content of agronomically valuable fractions during wet sieving was found in the upper horizons, but there are more of them in chernozems under forest stands. The highest content of agronomically valuable fractions in all studied soils is observed in the lower horizons and their highest content in the upper horizons is found in ordinary chernozems under the steppe vegetation. The highest values ​​of the water resistance criterion are characteristic of the lower horizons of the studied chernozems. The maximum values ​​of this criterion were found in ordinary chernozem under oak plantation, and the smallest – under acacia plantation. The growth of forest plantations on ordinary chernozems leads to an improvement in their structural-aggregate composition.

scholarly journals Effect of humic preparation and herbicide treatment on chernozem aggregate composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lychman ◽  
Olga Bezuglova ◽  
Marina Dubinina ◽  
Olga Naimi ◽  
Elena Polienko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Resistance Criterion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aggregate Composition ◽  
Structural Coefficient ◽  
Soil Carbohydrates

The influence of the humic preparation and pesticides on dynamics of soil carbohydrates and the soil structure of ordinary chernozem during the cultivation of winter wheat and chickpeas was studied. A positive trend in the growth of the structural coefficient was observed in all variants. This dynamic was confirmed statistically when a humic preparation and pesticides were used together: the difference with the control after treatment was 1.54% (2019). A decrease in the number of water-resistant units from 87.4 to 56.6% was observed on the control during the entire field experiment. There was a statistically significant increase of water-resistant aggregates by 1.9-5.4% when pesticides are applied together with a humic preparation. The growth of the aggregate water resistance criterion (API) from 6.0% to 17.2% was observed in the variant with a humic preparation. The dynamics of soil carbohydrates in all variants in 2017-2018 was insignificantly expressed. The sharp increase in the content of carbohydrates in 2019 is probably associated with a change of culture in the crop rotation link from winter wheat to chickpea. The amount of carbohydrate compounds varies from 1.13 in the control to 1.26% in the variant with the combined use of pesticides and a humic preparation.

scholarly journals Selection of the assortment of trees for protective forest plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Petelko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.

scholarly journals Analysis of trophic structure of forest flora in the Oril River valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovsky ◽  
I. A. Ivanko ◽  
A. V. Kotovych ◽  
L. A. Karmyzova ◽  
N. O. Roschina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Common Oak

Biodiversity is important for maintaining of forest ecosystems functioning and in their resistance to anthropo-climatic challenges. Assessment of species diversity and species ecomorphic analysis is the basis for determining their current status, rational use and protection. At the end of the nineteenth century, Belgard A. L. (1950) in his system of ectomorphs using terminology presented by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), had proposed a «trophomorph» category that reflected species relation to soil richness. Analysis of trophomorphs reflects diversity of soil conditions in different biotopes within forest ecosystems. The article gives an analysis on vascular plant trophomorphs distribution in various forest biotopes of Oril river valley. Flora and vegetation surveys in forests of Oril river valley were carried out by A. L. Belgard and T. F. Kirichenko since the 30s of the 20th century. The latest data on forest vegetation state within the Oril river valley were given in the works of Y. Gamulja and V. Manyuk. Generalized bioecological analysis of flora Oril river valley was represented in the monograph of B. Baranovsky, V. Maniuk, I. Ivanko, L. Karmyzova «Flora analysis of the Oril National Park». As is known, edaphic conditions of plant habitats in a first place are determined by soil fertility depending on the plant nutrients availability. Soddy-forest soil on sandy terrace of Oril river valley has a relatively low content of humus and total nitrogen: 2 and 0.04 %. Under these conditions, pine phytocenoses were ocсurred that represented exclusively by artificial plantings. Soils in the depressed area of Oril river floodplain are much richer in humus and nitrogen content (10 and 0.37 %). Here, arboreal and shrubby vegetation is represented by communities with common oak. On the second terrace of Oril river valley, forest vegetation is represented by artificial pine forests. Microcenoses with black locust, amorpha and willow occurred on elevated areas of sandy terrace (arena). In the depressed area of the arena, microcenoses with aspen and birch, aspen, Tatarian maple, amorpha, black locust were occurred additionally to pine communities. In the Oril floodplain, native arboreal and shrubby vegetation is represented mainly by communities with common oak. In depressed areas of the floodplain, microcenoses with white poplar, black poplar, aspen, Tatarian maple, amorpha, willow (Salix alba, S. fragilis), osiery (Salix cinerea, S. triandra),  and alder are fragmentarily occurred. In conditions of elevated areas of the floodplain, 196 vascular plants species were found, and 105 species in depressed areas. On the second terrace, 38 plant species grow on the elevated areas, and 54 species on the depressed ones. Flora includes 45 adventive plant species. In depressed floodplain areas, oligotrophs are represented by 7 species, mesotrophs by 126 species, megatrophs by 50 species, and in elevated areas: 7, 126 and 25 species, respectively. In depressed areas of arena oligotrophs are represented by 4 species, mesotrophs by 29 species, and megatrophs by 11, elevated areas: 7 and 21 species respectively, and megatrophs were absent.

scholarly journals Growth and formation patterns of pine-larch saplings in conditions of Eastern Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runova Elena M ◽  
Garus Ivan A ◽  
Serkov Denis V
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Application Software ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Yield Class ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Graphic Methods

Researches and generalizations of information on basic patterns of formation, growth, and structure of Irkutsk region forest stands and plantations enabled to study dynamics of formation and productivity of mixed pine forests, being naturally developed under various economic impacts. Such parameters as diameter-, height-, and volume-wise pine and larch increment in mixed forest stands were studied. The obtained results were accurate due to a wealth of experimental material, statistical and mathematical processing using MS Excel application software, graphic methods of processing the materials. The following conclusions can be made based on the materials collected: areas and yields of larch in Irkutsk region have been sharply reduced, since there are processes of intense deforestation and weak natural regeneration of larch here. Mixed forest plantations of pine and larch grow rather successfully, however, such areas are few, since there is no commercial procurement of larch seeds in Irkutsk region, no larch seedlings are cultivated in nursery forests; larch saplings occupy a much smaller area than Scots pine saplings do; basic taxation parameters and structure of mixed pine-larch forest plantations are formed at the young age; saplings have mean productivity, equivalent to the 3rd yield class; mixed forest stands are of high practical and industrial value that depends on conditions of domestic and foreign market.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE LINKS OF FIELD CROP ROTATION ON THE AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Екатерина Данилец ◽  
Ekaterina Danilec
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Aggregate Composition

The influence of the links of field crop rotation on the agrophysical properties of the soil in the zone of unstable moistening is relevant. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the obtained recommendations by enterprises in the cultivation of crops in order to obtain stable yields in the zone of unstable moisture. The experiment was conducted in the zone of unstable moisture in 2015-2018 on the plots of “Yurchenko” farm. The cultivation of winter wheat in a clean pair, leguminous crops, flax and in re-sowing in the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropol territory is analyzed. A study was conducted of the effect of the links of field crop rotation on the aggregate composition, water resistance and soil moisture. During the years of research, flax as a precursor of winter wheat showed a decrease in the coefficient of soil structure and the formation of a lumpy fraction. Pea is a favorable predecessor that increases the agrophysical properties of the soil. Improving the crop rotation in the “Yurchenko” peasant farm in the Aleksandrovsky district will improve the agrophysical indicators of soil fertility, therefore, to get higher yields and cultivate winter wheat profitably.

scholarly journals Features of structure of radical darkconiferous forest stands of Vishera Nature Reserve

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.М. Алесенков ◽  
М.В. Ермакова
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Pedigree Structure ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Northern Urals ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Diameter Classes

On the basis of the standard techniques the pedigree structure of forest stands and distribution of trees on diameter of climax darkconiferous stands of the Vishera national Nature Reserve located in the northeast of Perm District (Northern Urals) is studied and analysed. It is established that the wood layer of the explored climax darkconiferous forests of Northern Urals has multispecies structure. At domination of a spruce fir and the fir (up to 5 units) and, substantially a birch and, also participates, the cedar. In type of the wood Firspruce fernytallgrass as the as a part of a forest stand there is a rowan. Both lowproductive, and highly productive forest stands are formed. In a structure of forest stands of the darkconiferos woods of Vishera Nature Reserve the considerable variation of trees on diameter caused both by forest vegetation conditions of plantings, and influence of negative natural factors the periodic local fires and a windfall is revealed. Distribution of trees on diameter in forest stands, except for postwindfall, is well approximated by the equations of the 2nd order. Distribution of trees on diameter in postwindfall darkconiferous community is best of all described by the equation of the 4th order. The considerable righthand asymmetry of distribution of trees on diameter for all studied forest stands, and, in particular, the affected local fires or a windfall is noted. Such distribution of trees on diameter classes of a trunk reflects processes of natural renewal and development of forest stands, long on time. The revealed features of distribution of trees on pedigree structure and of diameter classes in the studied radical forest stands demonstrate that even in the conditions of influence of negative natural factors processes of natural renewal in general, provide maintenance of multispecies structure of radical plantings. However, impact of the periodic local fires negatively affects renewal of a cedar.

THE INFLUENCE OF NO-TILL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AGROCHERNOZEMS IN THE TRANS-URAL STEPPE ZONE OF RISKY AGRICULTURE (REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Suleymanov ◽  
◽  
S. Zaykin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
No Till ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Aggregate Composition ◽  
High Level

The article presents the results of the evaluation agrophysical properties of agrochernozems under influence of No-Till management system. The research was conducted in the Trans-Ural Plain-Steppe Zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia). The territory is located in the zone of risky agriculture and is arid. The territory characterized by a high level of agricultural use. Various degradation processes are observed in the soil cover. Such parameters as bulk density, soil-hydrological constants, structural-aggregate composition and water resistance of aggregates are studied.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC FEATURES OF FORMATION OF VINNYTSIA FOREST PARK PLANTATIONS RESISTANT TO RECREATIONAL LOADS

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Mikhailo Matusiak
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Forest Parks

The research conducted was to assess the characteristics of intraspecific and interspecific interaction of the dominant tree species in the forest-park plantations of Vinnytsia green zone, as well as to determine the priority taxation indicators of formation of forest stands with high competitive ability.As a result of the research it was found that the main indicators that directly affect the competitive properties of forest elements are the sanitary condition of forest plantations; the composition of the stand and its storey structure; the undergrowth and underwood availability; biological and ecological features of individual tree species; stand completeness; age of planting; type of forest vegetation conditions; specific features of microclimate and microrelief. The analysis of the sanitary condition of the trial areas shows that the degree of competitive ability of forest plantations with a high number of dead or damaged trees is much lower than that in plantations with better sanitary conditions. The dependence of the competitive ability and the stand growth intensity on its completeness and the type of forest-park landscape was also studied. Thus, closed types of stands are characterized by a high degree of competitiveness. In semi-open types of forest-park landscapes the rate of growth intensity is the highest. The competitive ability of trees in this type of landscape is quite low. After analyzing the temperature regime of different forest parks, it was found that in hot weather the ambient temperature in the forest park is much lower than the air temperature in the open area. Thus, in hot uncomfortable weather, the optimal type of forest for recreation is a closed type of landscape of vertical closure. The air temperature here can be significantly lower (up to 15˚C) compared to the open space, what creates suitable conditions for a comfortable rest. Analysis of the humidity of forest parks showed that under the cover of forest stands humidity is higher than in the open area, thus recommendations for choosing the type of forest landscape for recreation purposes depend on the initial humidity. Key words: recreation, forest parks, intraspecific interaction, forest park landscape, winter hardiness, temperature regime, light intensity, air humidity.

scholarly journals Influence of woody vegetation on the content of humus in chernozem soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
A. O. Huslystyi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
The Creation

The literature sources on the influence of woody vegetation on the content of humus in chernozem soils were analyzed. In scientific literature, there are many articles from scholars from around the world on the study of the content of organic matter in the soil under various types of plantings. Proceeding from this, there is a need for comprehensive research on humus of reference black soil common. Separately there is the question of the influence of artificial forest plantations of different wood structure and light structure on the complex characteristics of ascending ordinary black soil. The importance of these studies is due to the complex ecological role played by humus in soils. As a result of the analysis of literary data, it was discovered that woody vegetation increases the content of organic matter and positively affects the black soils. Regularities of change in the humus state are connected, first of all, with the type of land use. Under each tree species there is a characteristic and peculiar humus distribution in the soil profile, which differs significantly from the quantitative or qualitative distribution of humus in the soil horizons. In general, under the forest vegetation, the content of humus increases, as well as the structure of the soil improves, the permeability and porosity of the upper layer of soil increases. In the course of the literary analysis it became clear that the older the tree plantations, the greater the thickness of the humus horizon below them. In the monitoring sites under the Tilia cordata, there is a tendency to increase the content of humus, hygroscopic moisture, absorption capacity and granulometric composition, indicating improvement of soil conditions. Plantation of Acer platanoides leads to a decrease in the content of total humus in a 0-30-centimeter layer of soil, but with depth this index is gradually increasing. Under the Quercus robus plantations in the surface layer of soil, scientists observed a decrease in humus content, and in the middle layers of soil, on the contrary, an increase in this indicator. With a depth observed leaching of humus. The indicator of humus under Quercus robus is characterized by a significantly higher level of humus, than in black soil. So, the results are typical for humus in zonal chornozems. The data of some authors show that it is in natural forests that the best conditions for the humus accumulation in black soils are formed in comparison with the soils of artificial forests and soils under zonal vegetation (motley grass, Bromus spp., Stipa spp.). Under forest vegetation, leafy deposits form a litter. The Robinia pseudoacacia litter results in improved physical and chemical properties of soils, increases the content of organic matter, exchangeable potassium, absorption capacity, increases aggregate stability and moisture content, decreases pH and density. Scientific literature notes that the creation of Robinia plantations in soils that have previously lost its forest cover provides an increase in the content and storage of soil organic carbon compared to the Caragana korshinskii plantations. According to our literature data, the most rational measure to increase the soil fertility is the creation of an effective system of protective forest plantations, which are characterized by a favorable integrated influence on the steppe soils.

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