scholarly journals Genetic variability and biodiversity of Ukrainian Gray cattle by the BoLA-DRB3 gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
T. M. Suprovych ◽  
M. P. Suprovych ◽  
N. B. Mokhnachova ◽  
O. D. Biriukova ◽  
L. V. Strojanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Allele Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Native Cattle ◽  
Beneficial Traits ◽  
Current Stage

At the current stage of genetic studies of cattle, more and more attention is being drawn to autochthonous breeds. Native cattle have a number of prominent phenotypic traits and have preserved unique genes and their combinations lost by modern commercial breeds, which would be valuable to use in selective programs. We surveyed polymorphism of the Ukrainian autochthonous Gray breed according to alleles of exon 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene. The uniqueness of the gene lies in the broad variability of its allele variants. Significant informativeness at DNA level is quite important for genetic studies. We surveyed allele polymorphism using the PCR-RLFP method on DNA isolated from 88 samples of blood of cows and 5 samples of sperm. We identified 28 alleles, of which 23 variants were nomenclature ones and 5 (jba, *jab, *jbb, *nad and *nda) were “without established nomenclature”, their share accounting for 8.9%. Four alleles *06, *12, *16 and *jba had a frequency above 5% and occupied 69.9% of the breed’s allele fund overall. The commonest allele was BoLA-DRB3.2*16 (44.1%). In total, we found 40 genotypes. Considering the significant dominance of variant *16, as expected, 5 genotypes with its inclusion occurred: *16/*16, *12/*16, *06/*16, *16/*24 and *jba/*16. It was present in the genotype of two out three studied animals. Parameters of heterozygosity, effective number of alleles, Shannon and Pielou indices indicate that Ukrainian Gray cattle are characterized by lowest level of genetic variability and biodiversity according to the BoLA-DRB3 gene compared with other breeds. Due to significant dominance of allele *16, the breed has no inbred motifs. We noted deviation toward increase in homozygosity without deviations from the norm of the distribution according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The obtained results will be used for genetic-populational programs with the purpose of improving the genetic potential of cattle breeds in terms of economically beneficial traits and diseases of cattle.

scholarly journals Fused Graphical Lasso Recovers Flowering Time Mutation Genes in Arabidopsis Thaliana

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Rajan Kapoor ◽  
Aniruddha Datta ◽  
Michael Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Model Plant ◽  
Graphical Lasso ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
Model Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Beneficial Traits ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Conventional breeding approaches that focus on yield under highly favorable nutrient conditions have resulted in reduced genetic and trait diversity in crops. Under the growing threat from climate change, the mining of novel genes in more resilient varieties can help dramatically improve trait improvement efforts. In this work, we propose the use of the joint graphical lasso for discovering genes responsible for desired phenotypic traits. We prove its efficiency by using gene expression data for wild type and delayed flowering mutants for the model plant. Arabidopsis thaliana shows that it recovers the mutation causing genes LNK1 and LNK2. Some novel interactions of these genes were also predicted. Observing the network level changes between two phenotypes can also help develop meaningful biological hypotheses regarding the novel functions of these genes. Now that this data analysis strategy has been validated in a model plant, it can be extended to crop plants to help identify the key genes for beneficial traits for crop improvement.

scholarly journals Screening of the duplication 24 pb of ARX gene in Moroccan patients with X-linked Intellectual Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousra Benmakhlouf ◽  
Renaud Touraine ◽  
Ines Harzallah ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Kaoutar Ben Makhlouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Recurrent Mutation ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorder ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Moroccan Patients

Abstract Objective Intellectual Disability (ID) represents a neuropsychiatric disorder, which its etiopathogenesis remains insufficiently understood. Mutations in the Aristaless Related Homeobox gene (ARX) have been identified to cause syndromic and nonsyndromic (NS-ID). The most recurrent mutation of this gene is a duplication of 24pb, c.428-451dup. Epidemiological and genetic studies about ID in the Moroccan population remain very scarce, and none study is carried out on the ARX gene. This work aimed to study c.428–451dup (24 bp) mutation in the exon 2 of the ARX gene in 118 males’ Moroccan patients with milder NS-ID to evaluate if the gene screening is a good tool for identifying NS-ID. Results Our mutational analysis did not show any dup(24pb) in our patients. This is because based on findings from previous studies that found ARX mutations in 70% of families with NS-ID, and in most cases, 1.5–6.1% of individuals with NS-ID have this duplication. Since 1/118 = 0.0084 (0.84%) is not much different from 1.5%, then it is reasonable that this could a sample size artifact. A complete screening of the entire ARX gene, including the five exons, should be fulfilled. Further investigations are required to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Cross-amplification of heterologous microsatellite markers in Piracanjuba

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Luiz de Castro ◽  
Ricardo Pereira Ribeiro ◽  
Silvio Carlos Alves dos Santos ◽  
Elenice Souza dos Reis Goes ◽  
Felipe Pinheiro de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Piaractus Mesopotamicus ◽  
Cross Amplification

ABSTRACT: Brycon orbignyanus, popularly known in Brazil as piracanjuba, is a fish with great economic value but whose natural population drastically decreased in number during the last years. In this context, genetic variability studies of natural stocks and in restocking programs are fundamental for the adoption of conservation measures. Current analysis verifies the cross-amplification of heterologous primers in B. orbignyanus. Fifty-two primers of the species Brycon opalinus, Brycon hilarii, Brycon insignis, Prochilodus sp., Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum and Oreochromis niloticus were tested. Primers with the best reproducibility were applied to a sample of 20 individuals and the genetic parameters were calculated. Nine primers provided good results for cross-amplification with B. orbignyanus, involving (BoM5 and BoM13) of Brycon opalinus, (Bh5, Bh6, Bh8, Bh13 and Bh16) of Brycon hilarii, (Bc48-10) of Brycon insignis and (Par80) of Prochilodus argenteus. Primers of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum and Oreochromis niloticus failed to provide amplification or provided non-specificity. Results demonstrated the possibility of using primers of different species and genera of B. orbignyanus, facilitating genetic studies on the species.

LIMITATIONS TO THE USE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY IN PLANT BREEDING

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. MAHON
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Physiological Diversity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Physiological Variability ◽  
Genetic Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Physiological Characters

The possibility that breeding programs may be reaching a point of limited progress because of the lack of genetic diversity has often been raised. However, there is also an often-expressed feeling that considerable genetic variability may exist in fundamental physiological processes. In this review, an attempt is made to examine whether there is evidence of genetic variability in quantitative physiological characters, and if so, whether such variability is likely to be useful to crop improvement programs. The results, presented from the literature and the author’s laboratory, indicate that physiological characters demonstrate considerable genotypic variability in expression. Moreover, in cases where genotype performance has been studied over a range of environments or where crossing studies have been carried out, physiological characters often have relatively high heritabilities. This suggests that, at least from a genetic standpoint, improvements in the expression of physiological processes may be possible. On the other hand, the problems of environmental sensitivity and its resultant error variability, combined with cumbersome methodology and complex physiological interactions, make it difficult to relate individual physiological characters to agronomic benefits, and make large genetic studies difficult. The exploitation of physiological diversity remains a major challenge to plant scientists.Key words: Genetic heritability, physiology of yield

scholarly journals Genetic variability during four cycles of recurrent selection in rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041
Author(s):  
Odilon Peixoto de Morais Júnior ◽  
Patrícia Guimarães Santos Melo ◽  
Orlando Peixoto de Morais ◽  
José Manoel Colombari Filho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Location Interaction

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters among progenies of the CNA6 population of upland rice (Oryza sativa) for grain yield and plant height in four cycles of recurrent selection, in order to evaluate the genetic variability and the genotype × location interaction. The experimental data were obtained from yield trials of S0:2 progenies, which were carried out in the experimental design of Federer’s augmented blocks, without replications for progenies within each location. The effect of S0:2 progenies was significant in all cycles for grain yield and in the first three cycles for plant height, indicating the maintenance of the population’s genetic potential to generate transgressive progenies. The participation of the component of the progeny × location interaction in phenotypic variance was of high magnitude. The genetic variability of the CNA6 population of upland rice is maintained for grain yield and plant height during the four cycles of recurrent selection.

Genetic polymorphism in Proteocephalus exiguus shown by enzyme electrophoresis

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šnábel ◽  
V. Hanzelová ◽  
S. Mattiucci ◽  
S. D'Amelio ◽  
L. Paggi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Coregonid Fishes

AbstractEnzyme electrophoresis has been used to examine genetic diversity in a population of Proteocephalus exiguus La Rue, 1911 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), parasitizing salmonid and coregonid fishes. Among 16 loci tested, three polymorphic loci (Ada, Got, Pgm-2) were found. Six different genotypes at the Got locus distributed in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium suggest remarkable genetic flexibility of P. exiguus. Balancing selection is proposed as the mechanism maintaining genetic variation within the species. Data of genetic variability parameters (Ho = 0.064; He = 0.07; P = 0.19) and outcrossing rate (t = 0.842) of P. exiguus population have been provided. Possible factors affecting these data are discussed.

scholarly journals Parental contribution in a cultivated stock for the spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869) estimated by newly developed microsatellite markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Ricardo Perez-Enriquez ◽  
Janeth A. Valadez-Rodríguez ◽  
Adriana Max-Aguilar ◽  
Silvie Dumas ◽  
Noé Diaz-Viloria
Keyword(s):  
Wild Population ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Parental Couple ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus is a fishery relevant species from the eastern Pacific Ocean, with aquaculture potential. Species-specific genetic markers are needed for the genetic characterization of wild and cultivated populations to help management strategies. Eighteen hypervariable microsatellites were developed by Next Generation Sequencing and characterized in a wild population sample. Genetic diversity was high (observed heterozygosity = 0.88 ± 0.050; the number of alleles per locus = 13.4 ± 1.3) and few loci departed from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, leaving 14 loci potentially suitable for population genetic studies. A reduced panel of five loci was tested in a cultivated stock to determine the parentage of progeny (embryonated eggs; n = 413), to estimate the temporal contribution of each parental broodstock. The above resulted in the successful assignment of 95.6% of the progeny to its parental couple, representing 17 out of the 24 possible families. Two of the four females produced most of those progeny (97.3%). These females, which reproduced throughout the season, did not spawn on consecutive days. The contribution of males was evenly distributed during the season and occurred on successive days. Some microsatellites can be used in other lutjanids (L. peru, L. argentiventris, and Hoplopagrus guentherii).

scholarly journals Inbreeding depression and genetic variability in agricultural traits and resistance to phytopathogens in exotic maize populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurilene Santos Oliveira ◽  
Edésio Fialho dos Reis ◽  
Ana Paula Oliveira Nogueira ◽  
Fernando Cezar Juliatti
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Resistance To Phytopathogens

The effect known as depression by inbreeding refers to the reduction on the average value of quantitative traits, related to plant reproduction and physiology, due to the homozygosis of deleterious alleles.  This study evaluated the inbreeding depression and the genetic variability of agricultural traits and of the resistance to phytopathogens in inbred families of two exotic maize populations.  The experiments were done in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, in the second harvest 2015.  Fifty and 40 FS1 of NAP5 and NAP7 populations, respectively, were evaluated interplanting one row with a mixture of base population at every ten plots to estimate depression by inbreeding of the traits evaluated.  The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three replications.  The following traits were evaluated: AP – plant height (cm), AE – ear height (cm), FM – male flowering (days), PQ – number of broken plants, AC – number of lodged plants, PG – kernel production (kg plot-1).  The greatest estimates of depression by inbreeding in the agricultural traits were observed for kernel production, with values of 51.2 and 38.9% for the populations NAP5 and NAP7, respectively.  Among the traits of resistance to phytopathogens, the greatest estimate was observed for the stunting complex, with values of -58.9% in NAP5 and -74.2% in NAP7.  Both populations under study presented genetic potential to be used in breeding programs with recurrent selection and, after some selection cycles, lineages with good agricultural standard and resistance to phytopathogens can be obtained.

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