scholarly journals Pathomorphological changes in the large intestine of rabbits parasitised by Passalurus ambiguus (Nematoda, Oxyuridae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Mykhailiutenko ◽  
O. V. Kruchynenko ◽  
O. S. Klymenko ◽  
J. K. Serdioucov ◽  
N. I. Dmytrenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Epithelium Cells ◽  
White Colour ◽  
Chronic Course ◽  
Dark Blue

Passaluriasis is a common infestation of lagomorphs, which clinically manifests in intense itching around the anus, various disorders of digestion and loss of weight. We performed a study of infested rabbits of the seryi veleten breed, which were kept in individual farms in Poltava Oblast (Ukraine). During the autopsy, in the cavity of the large intestine, there were found small, spindle-like helminths of white colour. Out of 10 rabbits, 846 nematodes were extracted (369 males and 477 females, identified as Passalurus ambiguus (Rudolphi, 1819) Dujardin, 1845. It was determined that the extensity of infestation in female rabbits reached 56.4%, male rabbits – 43.6%. The results of metric parameters of the nematodes are as follows: mean body length of males equaled 4.6 ± 0.4, females – 9.7 ± 1.21 mm, and maximum width – 257.4 ± 17.8 and 546.2 ± 37.1 µm respectively. A common feature of mature nematodes of this species is the presence of a rounded extension (bulbus) at the end of the esophagus. During chronic course of passaluriasis in rabbits, pathomorphological changes developed in the large intestine. The upper epithelium of the large intestine was damaged in some places, certain epithelian cells were found in the lumen of the intestine. The intestinal glands are widened, filled with slimy content of mostly dark blue-violet colour, especially in the upper sections of the glands. In the deep sections of the glands, slime was almost transparent. In deep sections of the glands the slime was almost transparent. In the epithelium cells of the glands, slimy granules were also of basophilic colour. The muscularis mucosae of the mucous membrane, especially between the intestinal glands was swollen, had practically no colour, the collagen fibers were stretched, thinned-out. Edemas were also recorded in the tela submucosa. In some preparations, the muscularis mucosae was notably infiltrated by lymphoid cells and histiocytes. On large extensions, we found some signs of hypersecretion of slime in goblet cells of the intestinal glands as accumulations of granules of slime in the cytoplasm, which had poorly developed colouration. On the side of the muscular and serous membranes, no pathological changes were found. The information presented here indicates the relevance of passaluriasis infestation as an etiological factor of occurrence of chronic catarrhal colitis with lymphohistiocytosis.

scholarly journals Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue in the Large Intestine of Calves. II. Electron Microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Liebler ◽  
J. F. Pohlenz ◽  
N. F. Cheville
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Luminal Side ◽  
Follicle Associated Epithelium

Scanning electron microscopy of lymphoid tissue in the large intestine of three germfree calves (age 3, 6, and 7 days) revealed two different units: propria nodules and lymphoglandular complexes (LGC). Propria nodules had lymphoid tissue predominantly in lamina propria and were covered by distinct follicle-associated epithelium which lacked goblet cells; nodules were surrounded by wide crypts, which were also lined by follicle-associated epithelium towards the luminal side. Lymphoglandular complexes had lymphoid follicles in the tunica submucosa; epithelial diverticulae extended through the muscularis mucosae branching into the lymphoid nodule. In centers of lymphoglandular complexes, protrusions of lymphoid tissue were covered with distinct follicle-associated epithelium. By transmission electron microscopy cells compatible with M cells in the small intestine of calves and cells with characteristics of both enteroabsorptive and M cells were found. Follicle-associated epithelium of propria nodules and lymphoglandular complexes differed only in the relative frequency of cell types.

scholarly journals Morphological Features of the Digestive Tube in Sand Lizards, Lacerta agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae)

Zoodiversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
M. V. Skripka ◽  
I. I. Panikar ◽  
B. P. Kyrychko ◽  
O. I. Tul
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Sand Lizard ◽  
Lacerta Agilis

The features of the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) digestive tube morphology are presented in the article. It has been found that the sand lizard gastrointestinal tract includes oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and cloaca. The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The esophagus is represented by an extensible canal; the distinction between the esophagus and the stomach is not expressed. The availability of a large number of ventricular fossae have stipulated a large area of the gastric mucosa and its cellular structure. The stomach is separated from the duodenum by a well-developed annular fold (pylorus). Villi of the duodenal mucosa are narrow, of different heights, covered with a single layer of columnar epithelium. The jejunum villi are of a more elongated shape, with more goblet cells and fewer crypts, the ileum villi are short. Small clumps of lymphoid cells are observed in the mucous membrane of the small intestine. The mucous membrane of the large intestine is lined with ordinary columnar epithelium containing goblet cells. Lymphoid aggregates are found in the wall of the large intestine. The cecum, as a distinct morphological section of the large intestine, is not presented.

scholarly journals Structural changes in rat colon under obesity conditions and its correction by morning and evening injection of melatonin

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
I. Vareniuk ◽  
N. Shevchuk ◽  
N. Roslova ◽  
M. Dzerzhynsky
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Morning Administration ◽  
Evening Administration

The effect of morning and evening administrations of melatonin on structural and functional changes in the large intestine of rats with obesity under conditions of the spring-autumn photoperiod (12L:12D) was studied in this work. The obesity was caused with a high-calorie diet for 6 weeks. After that, the morning or evening melatonin administrations were given to normal and obese animals at a dose of 30 mg/kg for 7 weeks. After 13 weeks, two specimens of the colon 1 cm each were taken at a distance of 3 cm from the anus; fixed in 10% formalin and in Carnua solution; paraffin sections of the large intestine were made; stained them with hematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue-carmine, or toluidine blue. Microscopic and morphometric analysis of these sections was performed. It has been shown, that obesity cause hyperactivation of the colonic mucosa, reduction of colonocytes, hypertrophy of goblet cells and overaccumulation of granules in mast cells. Morning administration of melatonin to obese animals normalizes the colonic mucosa, decreases the reduction of colonocytes, but causes the hypotrophy of goblet cells. Evening administration of melatonin significantly decreases the reduction of colonocytes, but does not eliminate other changes caused by obesity. The administration of melatonin (both morning and evening) to animals without obesity causes an activation of the mucosa, hypertrophy of goblet cells, reduction of colonocytes, and does not change the state of mast cells. Consequently, it cannot make a clear conclusion about the possibility of correction of all structural-functional changes in the large intestine during obesity by melatonin. Although, the morning administration of melatonin had some normalizing effects on the colon and it was more effective than evening administration.

scholarly journals Innate lymphoid cells in isocyanate-induced asthma: role of microRNA-155

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1901289
Author(s):  
Evy E. Blomme ◽  
Sharen Provoost ◽  
Erica Bazzan ◽  
Hannelore P. Van Eeckhoutte ◽  
Mirjam P. Roffel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Occupational Asthma ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial ◽  
Bronchial Biopsies

BackgroundOccupational asthma, induced by workplace exposures to low molecular weight agents such as toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), causes a significant burden to patients and society. Little is known about innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in TDI-induced asthma. A critical regulator of ILC function is microRNA-155, a microRNA associated with asthma.ObjectiveTo determine whether TDI exposure modifies the number of ILCs in the lung and whether microRNA-155 contributes to TDI-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.MethodsC57BL/6 wild-type and microRNA-155 knockout mice were sensitised and challenged with TDI or vehicle. Intracellular cytokine expression in ILCs and T-cells was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid using flow cytometry. Peribronchial eosinophilia and goblet cells were evaluated on lung tissue, and airway hyperresponsiveness was measured using the forced oscillation technique. Putative type 2 ILCs (ILC2) were identified in bronchial biopsies of subjects with TDI-induced occupational asthma using immunohistochemistry. Human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to TDI or vehicle.ResultsTDI-exposed mice had higher numbers of airway goblet cells, BAL eosinophils, CD4+ T-cells and ILCs, with a predominant type 2 response, and tended to have airway hyperresponsiveness. In TDI-exposed microRNA-155 knockout mice, inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness were attenuated. TDI exposure induced IL-33 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells and in murine lungs, which was microRNA-155 dependent in mice. GATA3+CD3− cells, presumably ILC2, were present in bronchial biopsies.ConclusionTDI exposure is associated with increased numbers of ILCs. The proinflammatory microRNA-155 is crucial in a murine model of TDI asthma, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of occupational asthma due to low molecular weight agents.

Effect of yogurt feeding on the small and large intestine associated lymphoid cells in mice

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Perdigón ◽  
Mirta Rachid ◽  
Marta V. De Budeguer ◽  
Juan C. Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
B Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity

SummaryThe effect of giving yogurt supplements to Balb/c mice on the various gut-associated lymphoid cells was studied. Animals were fed for 2, 5, 7 and 10 consecutive days. The different lymphoid cell types were identified and counted by haematoxylin–eosin staining of histological slices. The numbers of cells secreting IgA, IgG and IgM and the numbers of T lymphocytes were determined by direct immunofluorescence. The degree of activation of the intestinal macrophages in the small intestine was assessed by measuring the β-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) released into the intestinal fluid, and also by a histochemical method. Throughout the feeding period, there were no histological alterations in the gut, but there was marked cell infiltration, mainly of plasma cells and lymphocytes. The number of macrophages on the small intestine increased significantly after feeding for 2 d, while the β-glucuronidase activity was only slightly higher that of the controls. After a 7 d feeding period, the number of IgA secreting cells increased, while the values for cells secreting IgM and IgG and for T lymphocytes remained similar to those of the controls. The effect of giving yogurt on lymphoid cells associated with the large intestine was mainly on the numbers of IgA secreting B cells and T lymphocytes, with a marked increase during the whole feeding period in the latter type of cell. Since giving yogurt mainly enhanced the IgA secreting B cells in both small and large intestines, this increase would strengthen the host's defence mechanisms in the intestinal mucosa. Although the number of macrophages was increased, there was no enhancement in their activity, which might have harmed the host by producing an inflammatory response.

scholarly journals The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Transducer OASIS Is involved in the Terminal Differentiation of Goblet Cells in the Large Intestine

2012 ◽  
Vol 287 (11) ◽  
pp. 8144-8153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Asada ◽  
Atsushi Saito ◽  
Noritaka Kawasaki ◽  
Soshi Kanemoto ◽  
Hideo Iwamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Goblet Cells

The Effect of Environmental Factors on the Differentiation of the AUantoic Endoderm in Organ Culture

Development ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
B. Fell
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
Hind Gut

The allantois of the chick appears at about the 3rd day of incubation as an evagination from the hind gut; it soon becomes distended with fluid, enlarges rapidly, and fuses with the chorion to form the chorio-allantoic membrane. Out of curiosity, the allantoic sac of a 4-day chick embryo was explanted in a watchglass culture to see how it would behave in vitro. Under these conditions the allantoic endoderm did not develop into a flattened, granular layer as in normal embryonic life, but instead differentiated into a tall, columnar epithelium with many actively secreting goblet cells, which closely resembled that of the large intestine. This casual observation was investigated further and the results of the study are described below. The allantoic sac was removed from 3½-4½-day embryos, before fusion with the chorion had taken place; the neck of the allantois, uniting the latter with the gut, was excluded from the explants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document