scholarly journals Bryophytes on the devastated territories of sulphur deposits and their role in restoration of dump substrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-353
Author(s):  
I. V. Rabyk ◽  
O. V. Lobachevska ◽  
N. Y. Kyyak ◽  
O. I. Shcherbachenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Projective Cover ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Specific Composition

Bryophytes possess a wide ecological diapason allowing them to populate substrates of technogenic origins which are scarcely suitable or completely unsuitable for viability of vascular plants. 49 bryophyte species, which belong to 2 divisions, 3 classes, 8 orders, 17 families, and 33 genera have been found on the dump territory of sulphur extraction of the mining-chemical enterprise “Sirka” (Yavoriv district, Lviv region). Seven transects, three on the north slope (base, slope, top), three on the south slope and one on the plateau were laid for sample selections. 20 investigated 0.5 × 0.5 m plots located 2 m apart were analyzed within each 10 × 10 m transect. Specific composition, life forms, projective cover, biomass of bryophytes, numbers of male, female and sterile plants, moisture content in the turfs, pH and physiological investigation of mosses were determined on each plot. The quantitative analysis of the biomorphological structure allowed us to establish the dependence of the spread of life forms on exposition and slope height; essential variability of the projective cover and moss biomass. Bryophyte cover plays an essential part in optimization of the moisture regime and surface layer temperature of technogenic substrates, improving the conditions of growth localities. We established that on the dump the dominant moss species are dioecious with a high level of reproductive effort (sexual and sexless), with short ontogenesis and age of first reproduction, which provides the chance to produce the maximum number of progeny in the minimum period and to form a complete moss cover. The analysis of seasonal moss photosynthesis dynamics has demonstrated the adaptability of moss photosynthetic apparatus to contrasting climatic conditions and the ability to support the intensity of photosynthetic processes on a rather stable level during the vegetative period. Our research showed that bryophytes play an important role in productivity of plant cover on the post-technogenic territories of sulphur extraction. It was found that bryophytes play a role in accumulation of organic carbon and biogenic elements in the substrate of the sulphur extraction dump . Carrying out research of specific composition dynamics and species activity is the precondition for revealing the essence of the dynamic processes taking place in the structure of the bryophyte communities on devastated territories and the influence of these processes on the formation of vegetation on dump complexes.

Marshland vegetation of the class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea in northwest Croatia (Krapina river valley)

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvjezdana Stančić
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Plant Life Forms

AbstractMarshland vegetation of the class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea in the Krapina river valley was investigated during 2006 and 2007, and some sporadic investigations were made earlier. Phytosociological studies were carried out in accordance with the standard Braun-Blanquet methodology. As a result of the field work, and a small amount of data from the literature, 120 relevés were collected and 18 communities were established. For the purposes of comparison, the relevés were also classified using numerical methods. The clusters obtained mostly correspond to specific associations, but do not confirm the division into traditional vegetation alliances and orders. In the analysis of the ecological factors it is established that separation of the relevés is influenced by nutrient content, soil reaction, soil moisture, depth of water, and type of management. Analysis of the plant life forms shows, in all marshland communities, a prevalence of hemicryptophytes, geophytes and hydrophytes. The most widespread marshland communities of the investigated area are: Phalaridetum arundinaceae, Phragmitetum australis and Galio palustris-Caricetum ripariae. Furthermore, Carex randalpina community is recorded for the first time in Croatia. The most threatened marshland communities could be considered to be: Carex randalpina community, Caricetum vesicariae, Leersietum oryzoidis and Oenantho-Rorippetum. They are selected because of their very small surfaces in the investigated area and the small number of known localities within the territory of Croatia. The most invasive alien plant species in the Krapina river valley is Solidago gigantea. It spreads in potential habitats of marshland vegetation, and it is recorded in the species composition of many marshland communities. For the preservation of marshland vegetation, and especially threatened types, it is necessary to maintain the water regime of the habitats, to not remove natural plant cover due to spreading of neophytes, and to provide occasional mowing and burning.

scholarly journals Effects of Life-form and Plants Functional Traits on Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulfur Distributed in Different Parts in Dry Region of Western India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genda Singh ◽  
Bilas Singh
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Western India ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
N Content ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Leguminous Species ◽  
C And N

Abstract Background: Plants adapt to adverse environmental conditions accumulate varying concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) compounds to cope up with adverse climatic conditions. Carbon, N and S concentrations were determined in roots, stem and leaves of 33 species of trees/shrubs with objectives to observe the effects of life-form and plants functional traits, and select species with high concentration of these elements for their utilization in afforestation and medicinal uses. Results: Concentrations of C, N, and S and C: N and N: S ratio varied (P<0.05) between species, organs, life-forms and functional traits (legume vs non-legume). These variables were higher (except C in roots and stem) in trees than shrubs, and in leguminous than non-leguminous species. Non-leguminous species showed high S content and low N: S ratio. Antagonistic and synergistic relations were observed between C and N, and N and S concentration respectively. Species showed varying potential in assimilating carbon by regulating uptake and accumulation of these elements in different organs making them adapt to the habitats affected by drought and salinity. We observed strong plant size/life-form effects on C and N content and C: N and N: S ratios and of function on S content. Conclusions: Life-form/size and varying functions of the species determined C: nutrient ratio and elemental composition and helped adapting varying environmental stresses. This study assist in selecting species of high carbon, nitrogen and S content to utilize them in afforesting the areas affected by water and salt stresses, increased carbon storage and species with high S/N content in medicinal uses.

scholarly journals BEHAVIOR OF SOME GRAPEVINE CULTIVARS FROM MURFATLAR VINEYARD IN THE SPECIAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE WINE YEAR 2019-2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Ionica Dina ◽  
Aurora Ranca ◽  
Anamaria Tănase ◽  
Sergiu-Ayar Ene
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
White Wines ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Weak Growth

The climate changes in Murfatlar vineyard in recent years consist inthe increase ofmonthly average temperatures, recorded in both cold and warm seasons, accompanied by an irregular distribution of rainfall during the year, which significantly influences the growth of grapevine, the quality and production of grapes.Six representative cultivars were studied, three for white wines: Chardonnay, Columna and Muscat Ottonel and three for red wines: Fetească Neagră, Mamaia and Cabernet Sauvignon. In the last two years (2019-2020) warm winters and very dry summers have led to the onset of budburst, almost simultaneously for all the studied cultivars, followed by a very weak growth and development of shoots (2020) and an acceleration development of phenophases, mainly berween veraison and ripening. Water stress during the vegetative period, a hygroscopicity below 60% between July and August and low vegetative apparatus influenced the growth ofthe berries, resulting small grapes, and a very low must yield in 2020.Concerning the quality of grape production, the studied cultivars achieved more sugar concentrations in berries up to 35.8 g/L (in 2019) and 36.0 g/L (in 2020), higher than the values obtained in normal years. In the conditions of a pronounced dry climate manifested in the two years of study, the productions were below the normal level, especialy in 2020, achieving much diminished productions for all cultivars, except the Mamaia cultivar. The Mamaia cultivar had a positive reaction, registering an increase of production, that exceeded the multiannual value by 20% in 2020 andby 10% in 2019, the concentration of sugars in the must being above the average value obtained in normal years, exceeding by 3% and 9%, respectively, the multiannual average. Statistical calculations were done using SPSS Statistics 17.0, using mainly the Duncan test for a degree of significance of 5%.

scholarly journals Effect Of Agrotechnical Measures And Varieties On Seasonal Dynamics Of Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari, Trombidiformes, Tetranychidae) On High Tunnel-Cultivated Garden Strawberries

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Ineta Salmane
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Early Season ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the seasonal pattern of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on strawberries cultivated in polythene-covered high tunnels in temperate climatic conditions. Various cultivars were used and the effect of modification of plant covering indices on abundance and incidence of these mites was also tested. The number of two-spotted spider mites was relatively low at the beginning of the vegetation season and started to increase when average air temperature rose above 20 to 25 °C. In the experiment two types of tunnels differing in additional plant cover were used. The maximum mite abundance did not significantly vary between varieties in tunnel 1 conditions, but it was significantly lower for variety 'Sonata' in tunnel 2 conditions. Mite numbers significantly declined after strawberry foliage mowing and removal of polythene cover. Mite development was prolonged in tunnel 1, where additional cover of plants was used and higher early season air temperature was recorded in comparison to tunnel 2. It was concluded that increase in early season temperature can increase two-spotted spider mite abundance and have a more negative effect on strawberry plants in respect of foliage damage by mites.

scholarly journals The Role of Chloroplast Membrane Lipid Metabolism in Plant Environmental Responses

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Ron Cook ◽  
Josselin Lupette ◽  
Christoph Benning
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Chloroplast Membrane ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
Environmental Responses

Plants are nonmotile life forms that are constantly exposed to changing environmental conditions during the course of their life cycle. Fluctuations in environmental conditions can be drastic during both day–night and seasonal cycles, as well as in the long term as the climate changes. Plants are naturally adapted to face these environmental challenges, and it has become increasingly apparent that membranes and their lipid composition are an important component of this adaptive response. Plants can remodel their membranes to change the abundance of different lipid classes, and they can release fatty acids that give rise to signaling compounds in response to environmental cues. Chloroplasts harbor the photosynthetic apparatus of plants embedded into one of the most extensive membrane systems found in nature. In part one of this review, we focus on changes in chloroplast membrane lipid class composition in response to environmental changes, and in part two, we will detail chloroplast lipid-derived signals.

BIODIVERSITY AND INTERSLOPE DIVERGENCE OF VASCULAR PLANTS CAUSED BY MICROCLIMATIC DIFFERENCES AT “EVOLUTION CANYON”, LOWER NAHAL OREN, MOUNT CARMEL, ISRAEL

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eviatar Nevo ◽  
Ori Fragman ◽  
Amots Dafni ◽  
Avigdor Beiles
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Content Sharing ◽  
The North ◽  
Evolution Canyon

Species diversity of plants was recorded in 1992 and 1993 at seven stations of the “Evolution Canyon” microsite. Higher solar radiation on the South-Facing Slope (SFS) causes warm, xeric savannoid formation versus temperate, cool, mesic, dense maquis on the North-Facing Slope (NFS), and riverine, segetal plant formations on the Valley Bottom (VB). In an area of 7000 m2, we recorded 320 vascular plant species in 217 genera and 59 families. Plant cover varied from 35% (SFS) to 150% (NFS). Annuals predominated among all life forms (61.3% of all species). SFS and NFS varied in species content, sharing only 31–18% of species. Phytogeographical types varied among the two slopes and valley bottom. Inter-and intraslope species composition varied drastically due to differential microclimatic stresses, thereby demonstrating at a microscale natural selection in action.

scholarly journals Variations in Plant Richness, Biogeographical Composition, and Life Forms along an Elevational Gradient in a Mediterranean Mountain

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2090
Author(s):  
Letizia Di Biase ◽  
Loretta Pace ◽  
Cristina Mantoni ◽  
Simone Fattorini
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Plant Richness ◽  
Shaped Pattern

Despite the increasing interest in elevational patterns in biodiversity, few studies have investigated variations in life forms and biogeographical composition, especially in the Mediterranean biome. We investigated elevational patterns in species richness, biogeographical composition (chorotypes) and life forms (Raunkiaer classification) along an elevational gradient in a Mediterranean mountain (Central Italy). We found a general hump-shaped pattern of species richness, which can be explained by harsher conditions at the lowest and highest elevations. This pattern is distinctly related to prevalence at mid elevations of species with European and Euro-Asiatic distribution, which are favored by a temperate climate. Phanerophytes and geophytes (which are mainly associated with woods) were concentrated at mid elevations where woodlands prevail. Hemicryptophytes increased with elevation, consistently with their ability to cope with high altitude climatic conditions. Mediterranean species declined with elevation because they are negatively affected by decreasing temperatures. Chamaephytes showed a U-shaped pattern, suggesting they are able to cope with arid and cold conditions at the extremes of the gradient. Endemics increased with elevation because of their association with mountainous areas as key places for endemism evolution. These results illustrate how elevational patterns in species richness, biogeographical composition and life forms are interrelated and demonstrate reciprocal insights for understanding current vegetation settings.

scholarly journals REPRESENTATIVES OF THE VITALBAE PRANTL. SUB-SECTION OF CLEMATIS L. GENUS IN THE COLLECTION OF THE SOUTHURAL BOTANICAL GARDEN–INSTITUTE OF UFRC OF THE RAS

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
R. A. Bilalova ◽  
◽  
V. P. Putenikhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Preliminary Estimate ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Federal Research

Results of the introduction researches of 5 species of Clematis in a collection of lianas of South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre are presented in article. According to phenological observations in 9 years (2007–2015) integrated assessment of introduction perspectives and introduced stability of clematises is given. The scale developed by P.I. Lapin and S.V. Sidneva for wood plants is used for assessment of introduction perspectives. Preliminary estimate of introduction stability is carried out according to a scale of N.V. Trulevich. Extent of ripening of shoots, winter hardiness, preservation of growth form, shoot-formation ability, generative development, ability to reproduction in culture were estimated. All species are characterized by stability of rhythmic processes and their fitness to local climatic conditions. Duration of the vegetative period consists of 5,5 months. Duration of flowering of C. ligusticifolia is more than 2,5 months, C. gouriana is more than 2 month, C. apiifolia, C. fargesii and C. brevicaudata is not less than 1,5 months. In accordance with the scale of introduction stability, all the studied species belong to the perspective group of II (80-85 points). All the species under investigation can be used in green landscaping in different regions of the South Urals.

scholarly journals Influence of abiotic factors on CO2-gas exchange of Pinus pallasiana, Juniperus excelsa and Arbutus andrachne

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04017
Author(s):  
S Korsakova ◽  
Y Plugatar ◽  
A Pashtetsky ◽  
O Ilnitsky
Keyword(s):  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Rectangular Hyperbola ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Juniperus Excelsa ◽  
Lower Capacity

The complex interactions among environmental factors as incident light, temperature and soil water content create the need for used physiology-based models which describe plants performance under current and changing climatic conditions. In the present work the net photosynthetic rate of Pinus pallasiana D. Don, Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. and Arbutus andrachne L. was modeled as a function of light irradiance using the modified rectangular hyperbola model, which is capable of describing the photoinhibition by the non-rectangular hyperbola function. A comparative assessment of the adaptive response of the photosynthetic apparatus plants on the effect of abiotic factors and their strategies in maintaining an optimal water balance in accordance with environmental conditions has been performed. The parameters of light curves of photosynthesis under conditions of full sunlight, moderate shading and drought are determined. In relation to light, Pinus pallasiana is characterized by wider ecological amplitude compared to Juniperus excelsa and Arbutus andrachne. Inefficient use of low-intensity of photosynthetically active radiation by immature plants Pinus pallasiana and Juniperus excelsa indicates poor shade tolerance and inability to resume in shade-type forests. Due to the low plasticity to changes in the light regime, Arbutus andrachne L. may experience a significant lack of light in strong shading. Arbutus andrachne has the highest ability to actively rearrange water regime in accordance with its external moisture supply, which causes the highest drought resistance, and Juniperus excelsa has a slightly lower capacity. Tolerance to hydrothermal stress in Pinus pallasiana is significantly lower than in Arbutus andrachne and Juniperus excelsa.

scholarly journals Impact of regional weather anomalies on the agroecosystems of the Left Bank Forest Steppe

2016 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
H. Dovhal ◽  
N. Voloshyna
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ecosystem Complex

Importance of the territory climatic conditions as unpredictable dynamic changes problem that forms a threat to the development of the agricultural sector of the country was investigated. The problem comes from the fact that for food security of agricultural ecosystem it is rather vulnerable to change of climatic parameters, and agriculture belongs to branches which are especially sensitive to climatic changes impact. We analyzed long-term data figures for the period 1995 to 2014, which describe the temperature and moisture regime of Lubny (Poltava region). The main trends and patterns of their dynamics were established, the degree of deviation from the long-term norm was given. The author determined the relationship of the territorial climatic conditions changes and agricultural ecosystem performance and stability and also the potential consequences of the adverse effects. As a result, it was found that the expansion of the growing season crops, due to the increase in temperature and the average value of the classical heat supply plant index, may impair the stability of the agricultural ecosystem complex and reduce its performance. At the same time, one of the adapting agricultural production ways to climate change, which does not require any additional costs, is to optimize the placement of crops due to the harmonization of the production specialization ratio in accordance with the area conditions.

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