scholarly journals Spatio-temporal dynamics of the penetration resistance of recultivated soils formed after open cast mining

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhukov ◽  
G. А. Zadorozhnaya
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Open Cast Mining ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Structures ◽  
Spatio Temporal

On the basis of studying the spatio-temporal dynamics of soil penetration resistance we proved the existence of the technozem ecomorphs as above horizon soil formations. Research was carried out at a research center for study of recultivation processes in Ordzhonikidze city. Measurement of soils penetration was made in field conditions using an Eijkelkamp penetrometer on a regular grid at depths of up to50 cmwith intervals of5 cm. Calculation of average values and degrees of variation was performed by means of descriptive statistical tools. The extent of soil penetration spatial dependence was assessed and the existence of ecomorphs was proved by means of geostatistical analysis. The degree of associativity of spatial distribution of indicators of a soil body in different years of research was established by means of correlation analysis. The level of variation in space and in time of  technozem penetration generated on loess-like loams, grey-green, red-brown clays, and also pedozems was revealed. The degree of spatial dependence of  technozem penetration within soil layers and also the linear sizes of ecomorphs as above horizon soil structures was established. The time dynamics of  penetration of various recultozems were described. As a result of research into the spatio-temporal dynamics of penetration of technozems, data confirming the hypothesis of the existence of ecomorphs as above horizon morphological soil formations were obtained. An ecomorphic approach to the study of the morphological structure of technozems is proposed. The comparative characteristics of ecomorphs from various types of technozem are presented. The results obtained solve the problem of combining the higher and lowest levels in the hierarchical system of soil organisation as a natural body, which should raise the efficiency of the analysis of relations of morphological elements as a basis for detailed reconstruction of recultivation processes, soil formation, and study of their regimes and functions.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Soil Penetration Resistance of Recultivated Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Galina Zadorozhnaya
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Regular Grid ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThis article examines changes in the spatial distribution of soil penetration resistance in ordinary chernozem (Calcic Chernozem) and in the recultivated soil in 2012 and 2014. The measurements were carried out in the field using an Eijkelkamp penetrometer on a regular grid. The depth of measurement was 50 cm, the interval was 5 cm. The indices of variation of soil penetration resistance in space and time have been determined. The degree of spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance has been determined layer by layer. The nature of temporal dynamics of soil penetration resistance of chernozem and technical soil has been described. A significant positive relationship of the structure of chernozem in the two years of the research has been shown. Significant correlations between the data of different years in the technical soil were found to be mostly negative.

scholarly journals Soil Penetration Resistance after One-Time Inversion Tillage: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis at the Field Scale

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Michael Kuhwald ◽  
Wolfgang B. Hamer ◽  
Joachim Brunotte ◽  
Rainer Duttmann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Time Inversion ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Conservation agriculture may lead to increased penetration resistance due to soil compaction. To loosen the topsoil and lower the compaction, one-time inversion tillage (OTIT) is a measure frequently used in conservation agriculture. However, the duration of the positive effects of this measure on penetration resistance is sparsely known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the spatio-temporal behavior of penetration resistance after OTIT as an indicator for soil compaction. A field subdivided into three differently tilled plots (conventional tillage with moldboard plough to 30 cm depth (CT), reduced tillage with chisel plough to 25 cm depth (RT1) and reduced tillage with disk harrow to 10 cm depth (RT2)) served as study area. In 2014, the entire field was tilled by moldboard plough and penetration resistance was recorded in the following 5 years. The results showed that OTIT reduced the penetration resistance in both RT-plots and led to an approximation in all three plots. However, after 18 (RT2) and 30 months (RT1), the differences in penetration resistance were higher (p < 0.01) in both RT-plots compared to CT. Consequently, OTIT can effectively remove the compacted layer developed in conservation agriculture. However, the lasting effect seems to be relatively short.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA PEDOFORMA NA VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DE ALGUNS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E HÍDRICOS DE UM LATOSSOLO SOB CULTIVO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

Irriga ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Gener Tadeu Pereira ◽  
Luis Fernando Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Very High

INFLUÊNCIA DA PEDOFORMA NA VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DE ALGUNS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E HÍDRICOS DE UM LATOSSOLO SOB CULTIVO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR[1]   Zigomar Menezes de Souza;  José Marques Júnior; Gener Tadeu Pereira; Luis Fernando MoreiraDepartamento de Solos e Adubos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP,  [email protected]  1 RESUMO  O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial da condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, resistência do solo à penetração e teor de água de um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico sob cultivo de cana de açúcar, utilizando-se métodos da estatística clássica, análises geoestatística e técnicas de interpolação de dados, com a finalidade de observar padrões de ocorrência destes atributos na paisagem. Foram feitas amostragens de solo nas profundidades de 0,0-0,2 m e 0,2-0,4 m, nos pontos de cruzamento de uma malha, com intervalos regulares de 10 m, perfazendo um total de 100 pontos. Os valores do coeficiente de variação para os dados apresentaram-se desde baixos (teor de água do solo), alto (resistência do solo à penetração) e muito alto (condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado). Observou-se a ocorrência de dependência espacial de todas as variáveis estudadas, com os maiores alcances na profundidade de 0,2-0,4 m. As variáveis condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado e teor de água do solo apresentaram grau moderado de dependência espacial, a resistência à penetração teve forte grau de dependência espacial. Pequenas variações nas formas do relevo condicionam variabilidade diferenciada para atributos físicos do solo.  UNITERMOS: geoestatística, krigagem, condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, resistência do solo à penetração.   SOUZA, Z. M. de; MARQUES JUNIOR, J.; PEREIRA, G. T.; MOREIRA, L. F. INFLUENCE OF THE LANDSCAPE IN THE SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, PENETRATION RESISTANCE AND SOIL MOISTURE IN THE SUGAR CANE CROP  2 ABSTRACT     The objective of this work was to evaluate spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil resistance to penetration and soil moisture in an area where sugarcane was planted under conventional tillage, using classic statistical methods, geostatistical analyses and data interpolation techniques, to assess occurrence patterns of these characteristics in the landscape. Soil was sampled depths of 0.0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m, collected in intersections of a regular grid, with intervals of 10 m, in a total of 100 sampling points. Variation Coefficient (VC) were low for soil moisture, high soil for penetration resistance and very high for saturated hydraulic conductivity. All variables showed spatial dependence and the largest ones for depth of 0.2-0.4 m. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture presented moderate spatial dependence, soil penetration resistance showed strong spatial dependence. Small variations in the landscape forms can define different spatial variability found for the physical characteristics of the soil.  KEYWORDS: geostatistics, kriging, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil penetration resistance. 

scholarly journals SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL PENETRATION RESISTANCE IN COFFEE GROWING

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Alan Delon Andrade ◽  
Rafael De Oliveira Faria ◽  
Diego José Carvalho Alonso ◽  
Gabriel Araújo e Silva Ferraz ◽  
Miguel Angel Diaz Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Critical Zones ◽  
Depth Ranges

The intensive use of machines in agriculture tends to cause soil compaction, which can hamper the expansion of root system and the absorption of water and nutrients, thus affecting the crop development. In view of the above, the present study aimed to identify critical zones of soil compaction, through the spatial distribution of soil penetration resistance (SPR), having positions within the coffee rows and soil depth ranges as variables. The study was performed in a coffee plantation of 7.32 ha, belonging to the Bom Jardim Farm, located in the municipality of Bom Sucesso, MG, Brazil. The SPR was measured using a penetrometer in the depth range from 0 to 0.40 m, with discretization in four layers of 0.10 m. The data were interpreted based on geostatistics, in order to identify if there is spatial dependence of the SPR and generate thematic maps demonstrating the variable’s spatial behavior. It is concluded that there is spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance, being possible to use geostatistical tools to generate thematic maps based on classes of soil penetration resistance. The values of SPR in the tractor trail, for layers from 0.10 to 0.20 and from 0.20 to 0.30 m, were classified in the high SPR class and could cause damage to the crop.

scholarly journals Arctic Greening Caused by Warming Contributes to Compositional Changes of Mycobiota at the Polar Urals

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton G. Shiryaev ◽  
Pavel A. Moiseev ◽  
Ursula Peintner ◽  
Nadezhda M. Devi ◽  
Vladimir V. Kukarskih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Special Environment ◽  
The Polar Urals

The long-term influence of climate change on spatio-temporal dynamics of the Polar mycobiota was analyzed on the eastern macro slope of the Polar Urals (Sob River valley and Mountain Slantsevaya) over a period of 60 years. The anthropogenic impact is minimal in the study area. Effects of environmental warming were addressed as changes in treeline and forest communities (greening of the vegetation). With warming, permafrost is beginning to thaw, and as it thaws, it decomposes. Therefore, we also included depth of soil thawing and litter decomposition in our study. Particular attention was paid to the reaction of aphyllophoroid fungal communities concerning these factors. Our results provide evidence for drastic changes in the mycobiota due to global warming. Fungal community composition followed changes of the vegetation, which was transforming from forest-tundra to northern boreal type forests during the last 60 years. Key fungal groups of the ongoing borealization and important indicator species are discussed. Increased economic activity in the area may lead to deforestation, destruction of swamps, and meadows. However, this special environment provides important services such as carbon sequestration, soil formation, protecting against flood risks, and filtering of air. In this regard, we propose to include the studied territory in the Polarnouralsky Natural Park.

scholarly journals Sampling redesign of soil penetration resistance in spatial t-Student models

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 0202
Author(s):  
Letícia E. D. Canton ◽  
Luciana P. C. Guedes ◽  
Miguel A. Uribe-Opazo ◽  
Rosangela A. B. Assumpção ◽  
Tamara C. Maltauro
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Student Model ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Student Models ◽  
Spatial Dependence Structure

 Aim of study: To reduce the sample size in an agricultural area of 167.35 hectares, cultivated with soybean, to analyze the spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance (SPR) with outliers. Area of study: Cascavel, Brazil Material and methods: The reduction of sample size was made by the univariate effective sample size ( ) methodology, assuming that the t-Student model represents the probability distribution of SPR. Main results: The radius and the intensity of spatial dependence have an inverse relationship with the estimated value of the . For the depths of SPR with spatial dependence, the highest estimated value of the  reduced the sample size by 40%. From the new sample size, the sampling redesign was performed. The accuracy indexes showed differences between the thematic maps with the original and reduced sampling designs. However, the lowest values of the standard error in the parameters of the spatial dependence structure evidenced that the new sampling design was appropriate. Besides, models of semivariance function were efficiently estimated, which allowed identifying the existence of spatial dependence in all depth of SPR.Research highlights: The sample size was reduced by 40%, allowing for lesser financial investments with data collection and laboratory analysis of soil samples in the next mappings in the agricultural area. The spatial t-Student model was able to reduce the influence of outliers in the spatial dependence structure.

scholarly journals SPECTROPHOTOPOLARIMETRY AS A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TIME DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE TISSUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Olexandr Harazdiuk ◽  
Nataliia Kozan ◽  
Viktor Kryvetskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Dunaiev
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The article presents the current state of issues regarding the diagnosis of pathological conditions for forensic medical experts, in particular the study of normal muscle tissue and in the presence of hemorrhages. Particular attention is paid to biophysical research methods with evidence-based accuracy, objectivity, reproducibility, and rapid results. Objectives: The purpose of the research was to study the possibilities of using spectrophotopolyarimetric methods to analyze and determine the relationship of morphological structure of biological tissues with the temporal dynamics of changes in their optical parameters, to establish the possibility of differentiating necrotic changes and signs of damage by applying Mueller matrices of human muscle tissue samples. Results: During the study, we found a number of features and patterns of change in the properties of the laser beam as a result of passing through biological tissue. Polarization-correlation methods provide new, objective information about the dynamics of change in laser polarimetric imaging of morphological structure of biological tissues. By analyzing the statistical distributions of the ellipticity of polarization of laser images of normal human muscle tissue and in the presence of hemorrhages, the possibility of identifying the relationship between the development of statistically significant changes with increasing time of death and the possibility of differentiating them are considered. Conclusion: Based on these results, we can conclude that employing laser polarization methods will allow us to open new doors in the study of the biological tissues of the human body. The results showed the effectiveness of the studied methodology and the prospect of further research in this direction.

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