scholarly journals Trophic structure of the fouling community in Odessa Bay (Black Sea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-282
Author(s):  
A. Y. Varigin
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Structure Index ◽  
Pumping Activity

The trophic structure of the coastal fouling community of Odessa Bay (Black Sea), which was composed of 10 species of macrophytes, 57 invertebrate species and 4 species of fish, was determined. The basic trophic relationship between organisms composing the community is shown. A minimization of interspecific trophic competition within the community is noted. The main sources of food material entering the fouling community were determined. We show that a significant proportion of food in the form of detritus, dissolved organic matter and small planktonic organisms enters the community from the water column. Filtration and pumping activity of sestonophage-organisms, particularly mussels, helps to attract food material to the community. Primary producers of the community are macrophytes and microphytes, which develop on account of their photosynthetic activity and ensure the provision of food to herbivores. The trophic group of detritophages consumes different fractions of the detritus which accumulates in the byssus threads of bivalve molluscs. In this context, mussel druses act as sediment traps, collecting detritus. Numerous polyphages, which are essentially omnivores and do not usually lack food material, were noted in the community. A small group of carnivorous invertebrates, whose representatives actively attack small animals, was identified. The abundance of these species in the community was about 1%, and their biomass less than 0.6%. Fish living in macrophyte weeds are the consumers in the community. We determined that the highest relative abundance (over 36%) in the fouling community was reached by sestonophages and polyphages. We found that the undisputed leader in the relative biomass (over 97%) in the fouling community ofOdessaBaywas the sestonophages (mainly composed of mussels). We determined that the trophic structure index of the community was 0.94, which confirms the significant dominance in biomass of bivalves over other species in the fouling community.

scholarly journals The macrozoobenthos under clam farm (the Black Sea, Sevastopol region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Boltacheva ◽  
M. V. Makarov ◽  
L. V. Bondarenko ◽  
M. A. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Bivalve Mollusk ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Density And Biomass

During 2015–2106 the macrozoobenthos under the clam farm located in the area of Sevastopol was investigated. The aim of the study is to consider species composition, density and biomass of macrozoobenthos in the area of the clam farm. The samples were taken using standard benthic techniques. Relatively low species diversity was observed, with 56 species of macrozoobenthos identified. The density was 500–975 ind. per m², the biomass varied from 0.8 to 381.1 g·m-2. The community of the bivalve mollusk Lucinella divaricata (Linnaeus, 1758) was found. Trophic structure of the community with high quantity of detritus feeders dominated by small polychaetes was determined. The dominating, typical and rare species were identified. Comparison with the data obtained in 1957 in Evpatoriya – Sevastopol area at the same depths and sediments was made.

Marine Pollution via Transboundary Watercourses — An Interface of the' Shoreline ' and ' River-Basin ' Regimes in the Wider Black Sea Region

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-620
Author(s):  
Sergei Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Black Sea Region

AbstractA significant proportion of pollution of the marine environment is transmitted into the sea by transboundary rivers. The state of the marine environment increasingly depends upon the behaviour of states that do not belong to a particular maritime region. There is an obvious regulatory dichotomy between the environmental legal regimes dealing with marine pollution ('shoreline' regimes) and those governing international watercourses ('drainage/river-basin' regimes), which have historically evolved independently of each other. This creates problems of consistency and compatibility across different regimes, which have to be addressed in order to ensure the effectiveness of pollution-control measures throughout the entire pollutant transportation process. State practice has developed various practical ways of dealing with the issue of marine pollution from land-based activities in a transboundary context. The situation with river-borne pollution in the Danube River-Black Sea Basin provides an interesting case-study for critical examination as regards the practical aspects of the interface between such regimes.

The structure, ciliation, and function of the lips of some bivalve molluscs

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. J. Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
And Function

The structure, ciliation, and function of the lips of 12 species belonging to nine families of the subclass Pteriomorphia are described. All these species have devices for preventing the swallowing of excess water, collected along with participate food material, by the ctenidia and palps. It is suggested that in all bivalves, as in other suspension-feeding animals, water currents are generated by the food-collecting apparatus. But, whereas in members of the echinoderm superphylum, the development of gill slits to allow the escape of excess water which has already entered the mouth has had great evolutionary implications, the escape of water before it gets to the mouth is usually achieved in a less conspicuous manner in bivalves, although a complex lip apparatus has been developed in some monomyarian members of the Pteriomorphia.

scholarly journals Trophic guilds of fishes in sandbank habitats of a Neotropical river

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliana Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
Carlos Sérgio Agostinho ◽  
Rafael José de Oliveira ◽  
Elineide Eugênio Marques
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
River Drainage Basin

The objective of this study was to characterize the trophic structure of the community of fishes exploiting riverine sandbank habitats. Collections were carried out during the period of October 1999 to December 2003, on six sand banks in the upper and middle portions of the Tocantins River drainage basin in central Brazil. The availability of food resources was evaluated based on the volume of the items present in the stomachs of all species. A total of 2,127 stomachs of fish belonging to 50 species were analyzed. Nine main trophic guilds grouped the local ichthyofauna according to diet. Aquatic-origin items were the preferred source for 55.5% of the groups analyzed, whereas terrestrial-origin items composed 44.4%. Items of undetermined origin (detritus and sediment), although present in 89% of the guilds, were the predominant food in only one trophic group. Terrestrial insects and fish were the food sources with the largest biomass available in the environment. Sandbank environments are homogeneous, with little shelter and food available; as a rule, the species that occupy these environments are generalists.

The new data on seasonal dynamics of species composition, abundance and biomass of Mollusca in the corner part of the Sevastopol bay (the Black Sea)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
M. V. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Soft Sediments ◽  
Sevastopol Bay

The new data on seasonal dynamics of species composition, abundance and biomass of molluscs on soft sediments in the corner part of the Sevastopol bay were analyzed. 24 species of molluscs were recorded in 2006-2007. The microdistribution of Mollusca at stations depends on salinity. The trophic structure of molluscs’community was determinated and includes 6 trophic groups.

scholarly journals Transfer of organic carbon through marine water columns to sediments – insights from stable and radiocarbon isotopes of lipid biomarkers

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6895-6914 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Wakeham ◽  
A. P. McNichol
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marine Biomass

Abstract. Compound-specific 13C and 14C compositions of diverse lipid biomarkers (fatty acids, alkenones, hydrocarbons, sterols and fatty alcohols) were measured in sinking particulate matter collected in sediment traps and from underlying surface sediments in the Black Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Ross Sea. The goal was to develop a multiparameter approach to constrain relative inputs of organic carbon (OC) from marine biomass, terrigenous vascular-plant and relict-kerogen sources. Using an isotope mass balance, we calculate that marine biomass in sediment trap material from the Black Sea and Arabian Sea accounted for 66–100% of OC, with lower terrigenous (3–8%) and relict (4–16%) contributions. Marine biomass in sediments constituted lower proportions of OC (66–90%), with consequentially higher proportions of terrigenous and relict carbon (3–17 and 7–13%, respectively). Ross Sea data were insufficient to allow similar mass balance calculations. These results suggest that, whereas particulate organic carbon is overwhelmingly marine in origin, pre-aged allochthonous terrigenous and relict OC become proportionally more important in sediments, consistent with pre-aged OC being better preserved during vertical transport to and burial at the seafloor than the upper-ocean-derived marine OC.

scholarly journals Regulation of trophic architecture across spatial scales in a major river network

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Harvey ◽  
Florian Altermatt
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Stream Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Path Analysis Approach

AbstractMoving beyond species count data is an essential step to better understand the effects of environmental perturbations on biodiversity and ecosystem functions, and to eventually better predict the strength and direction of those effects. Here, coupling an integrative path analysis approach with data from an extensive countrywide monitoring program, we tested the main spatial, environmental and anthropogenic drivers of change in stream macroinvertebrate trophic structure along the entire Swiss Rhine river catchment. Trophic structure was largely driven by inherent altitudinal variation influencing and cascading to regional scaled factors such as land use change and position in the riverine network, which, in turn, transformed local habitat structure variables. Those cascading effects across scales propagated through the biotic community, first affecting preys and, in turn, predators. Our results illustrate how seemingly less important factors can act as essential transmission belts, propagating through direct and indirect pathways across scales to generate the specific context in which each trophic group will strive or not, leading to characteristic landscape wide variations in trophic community structure.

Taxonomic structure of the coastal fouling community formed by the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Varigin
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Quantitative Development ◽  
Degree Of Stability

Peculiarities of the taxonomic structure of the coastal fouling community formed by the bivalve mollusk Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 on the underwater surface of solid substrates located in the Odessa Bay of the Black Sea have been revealed. The qualitative composition, degree of occurrence, size characteristics and features of quantitative development of invertebrates of this community were determined. As part of the fouling community, 65 species of invertebrates belonging to 61 genera, 47 families, 22 orders, 10 classes and 6 types were identified. It was found that among the large taxa of the community Cnidaria, Annelida, Bryozoa, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Chordata, the most numerous species was the Arthropod type. Annelida and Mollusca accounted for one-fifth and one-fourth of all species. The other three types of invertebrates were represented by one or two species. A characteristic feature of the taxonomic structure of the community was that in most cases, each identified genus was represented by only one species, which in specific conditions was the most environmentally plastic representative of it. It is shown that the species structure of the fouling community was characterized by evident dominance of its edificator M. galloprovincialis. The maximum abundance of this species in the community was 11960 sp.·m-2, and biomass – 10328,6 g·m-2. In addition, 12 other invertebrates with 100 % occurrence were key-species of the community. These species, together with those with occurrence of more than 75 %, belonged to the characteristic species of the community. A total of 22 such species were identified. Among other invertebrates, 5 species (P = 50–75 %) were permanent, 8 species (P = 25–50 %) were rare, and 30 species (P <25 %) were random. The most of the organisms in the coastal fouling community of the Odessa Bay are eurybiont species was established. The presence in the fouling community invasive species of bivalve mollusks Arcuatula senhousia (Benson, 1842), which is systematically very close to the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, was revealed. Due to its opportunistic properties, this mollusk poses a certain threat to the existence of settlements of aboriginal species of bivalve mollusks. The coastal fouling community formed by the Black Sea mussel has a certain degree of stability, as the same species of invertebrates remain characteristic of its taxonomic structure for 40 years.

Variations in the fish catch composition in the Bay of St. Vincent, New Caledonia, as determined by experimental trawling

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kulbicki ◽  
L Wantiez
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Trawl Survey ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Catch Composition ◽  
Induced Changes

An experimental trawl survey was conducted in the Bay of St Vincent between December 1984 and April 1986. In all, 85 hauls were performed during four cruises. The trawled fish represented 233 species and 59 families. Biomass and density estimates declined 13-fold between the first and last cruises. This decline is not due to the survey catch (less than 2% of the biomass of the bay), nor is it likely to be due to trawling-induced changes in habitat. Natural causes are the most likely reason for the decline. The r-type species (Leiognathidae, Lethrinus nematacanthus) had the largest population fluctuations, whilst longer living and later reproducing species (Saurida undosquamis, large Upeneus spp.) had the smallest. Trophic structure is studied using three expressions: number of species, biomass and density per trophic group. Number of species per trophic group was the most insensitive to changes in time and place, with density being the most sensitive. Study of the variations in trophic structure could help with the monitoring of major changes in fish populations caused by fishing or environmental changes.

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