scholarly journals Sexual structure of population and reproduction cycle of Echinogammarus olivii (Crustacea, Isopoda) in the fouling community of Odessa Bay (Black Sea)

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Varigin
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
Reproduction Cycle ◽  
Sexual Structure ◽  
Structure Of Population

scholarly journals Trophic structure of the fouling community in Odessa Bay (Black Sea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-282
Author(s):  
A. Y. Varigin
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Structure Index ◽  
Pumping Activity

The trophic structure of the coastal fouling community of Odessa Bay (Black Sea), which was composed of 10 species of macrophytes, 57 invertebrate species and 4 species of fish, was determined. The basic trophic relationship between organisms composing the community is shown. A minimization of interspecific trophic competition within the community is noted. The main sources of food material entering the fouling community were determined. We show that a significant proportion of food in the form of detritus, dissolved organic matter and small planktonic organisms enters the community from the water column. Filtration and pumping activity of sestonophage-organisms, particularly mussels, helps to attract food material to the community. Primary producers of the community are macrophytes and microphytes, which develop on account of their photosynthetic activity and ensure the provision of food to herbivores. The trophic group of detritophages consumes different fractions of the detritus which accumulates in the byssus threads of bivalve molluscs. In this context, mussel druses act as sediment traps, collecting detritus. Numerous polyphages, which are essentially omnivores and do not usually lack food material, were noted in the community. A small group of carnivorous invertebrates, whose representatives actively attack small animals, was identified. The abundance of these species in the community was about 1%, and their biomass less than 0.6%. Fish living in macrophyte weeds are the consumers in the community. We determined that the highest relative abundance (over 36%) in the fouling community was reached by sestonophages and polyphages. We found that the undisputed leader in the relative biomass (over 97%) in the fouling community ofOdessaBaywas the sestonophages (mainly composed of mussels). We determined that the trophic structure index of the community was 0.94, which confirms the significant dominance in biomass of bivalves over other species in the fouling community.

Taxonomic structure of the coastal fouling community formed by the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Varigin
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Quantitative Development ◽  
Degree Of Stability

Peculiarities of the taxonomic structure of the coastal fouling community formed by the bivalve mollusk Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 on the underwater surface of solid substrates located in the Odessa Bay of the Black Sea have been revealed. The qualitative composition, degree of occurrence, size characteristics and features of quantitative development of invertebrates of this community were determined. As part of the fouling community, 65 species of invertebrates belonging to 61 genera, 47 families, 22 orders, 10 classes and 6 types were identified. It was found that among the large taxa of the community Cnidaria, Annelida, Bryozoa, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Chordata, the most numerous species was the Arthropod type. Annelida and Mollusca accounted for one-fifth and one-fourth of all species. The other three types of invertebrates were represented by one or two species. A characteristic feature of the taxonomic structure of the community was that in most cases, each identified genus was represented by only one species, which in specific conditions was the most environmentally plastic representative of it. It is shown that the species structure of the fouling community was characterized by evident dominance of its edificator M. galloprovincialis. The maximum abundance of this species in the community was 11960 sp.·m-2, and biomass – 10328,6 g·m-2. In addition, 12 other invertebrates with 100 % occurrence were key-species of the community. These species, together with those with occurrence of more than 75 %, belonged to the characteristic species of the community. A total of 22 such species were identified. Among other invertebrates, 5 species (P = 50–75 %) were permanent, 8 species (P = 25–50 %) were rare, and 30 species (P <25 %) were random. The most of the organisms in the coastal fouling community of the Odessa Bay are eurybiont species was established. The presence in the fouling community invasive species of bivalve mollusks Arcuatula senhousia (Benson, 1842), which is systematically very close to the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, was revealed. Due to its opportunistic properties, this mollusk poses a certain threat to the existence of settlements of aboriginal species of bivalve mollusks. The coastal fouling community formed by the Black Sea mussel has a certain degree of stability, as the same species of invertebrates remain characteristic of its taxonomic structure for 40 years.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and sexual structure of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam., cultivated on the mussel-oyster farm in the outer harbor of Sevastopol city (Crimea, Black Sea)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Chelyadina
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Sexual Structure ◽  
Oyster Farm ◽  
Asynchronous Maturation ◽  
Black Color

Morphophysiological studies of hydrobionts, and, in particular, mussels cultivated in marine farms, become important for modern hydrobiology. The study of the phenotypic structure of the mussel settlements in the Black Sea is an important aspect of monitoring the state of the mollusk population in changing environmental conditions. Information about patterns of sex realization under certain conditions can be the basis for active management of settlement formation in the cultivation of mollusks. Data about the regularities of sexual maturation of mussels, the stages of maturity of gonads and gametes spawning are also of importance. The aim of the work was to assess the phenotype and sex structure of the mussel populations as well as the stages of gonads maturity of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis cultivated on the mussel-oyster farm located in the outer harbor of Sevastopol. Mussels with the size of the shell from 4.9 to 5.4 mm were collected monthly from March 2015 to August 2016 on the studied mussel-oyster farm. Phenotype, sex and stages of gonad maturity were determined in mollusks by standard methods. When determining the frequency of occurrence of mussel phenotype on the mussel-oyster farm, a higher percentage of mollusks with black color shells (Bl) in comparison with whose with brown color shells (Br) was observed, and on average for the studied period the shell phenotype ratio (Bl : Br) was 1.8 : 1 respectively. Data on the sexual structure of M. galloprovincialis on the studied mussel-oyster farm are presented. Average ♂ : ♀ ratio was 2.8 : 1, with the proportion of hermaphrodites reaching 1–6 %. The sex ratio was different every month. In March 2015 it was 1.7 : 1 (♂ : ♀) and by August 2015, while mollusks growing on the mussel’s collector, the share of males reached its maximum (8 : 1). After thinning the mussels on the collector, the sex ratio had stabilized by October 2015 and remained at the level of 2 : 1 until March 2016. The next subsidence of the young and increase of mussels mass on the collector had again led to a significant shift of the mussel sexual structure (7.5 : 1) by May 2016. One of the reasons of the increase in the number of males in the studied mussel-oyster farm is thought to be the high density of mussels in the druse resulting in local hypoxia and poor food accessibility. The analysis of the state of gonads maturity of cultivated mussels showed two peaks of spawning – spring (March, April) and a long autumn one (started in October and continued until early December). Mass reproduction of mussels was observed in the spring when the surface water layer warmed up to 9–12 °C and in the autumn with the decrease of water temperature to 18 °C. The asynchronous maturation of the gonads of M. galloprovincialis of both sexes was observed. Males had greater variability of maturity stages than females. The shift in the ratio of the sexes towards the increase of males share as well as the increase of the number of mussels with black color shell and also the asynchronous maturation of the gonads of M. galloprovincialis on the studied farm can be considered as the ecological and physiological response of mollusks to the environment changes.

scholarly journals Biotic links in the fouling community of Odessa Bay (Black Sea)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
A. Y. Varigin
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Ecosystem Engineer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
The Core ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Sessile Organisms

This paper reveals the character of the biotic links between the various organisms that compose the fouling community of Odessa Bay (Black Sea). The fouling community of solid substrates is formed by 62 species of invertebrates and 12 species of macrophytes. The edificator species of the community is the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819. The environment-forming role of the mussel, which is represents the core of the corresponding consortia, was examined. The leading role of sessile organisms in the formation of a superorganismic structure that significantly modifies the properties of the environment was revealed. Together with the mussel, this structure is formed by the bivalve mollusc Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791) and the barnacle crustacean Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854). The proportion of sessile organisms accounts for 24.6% of the total number of species in the community. In this case, they significantly dominate in relative abundance and biomass (78.9% and 98.8%, respectively). The mussels during the process of growth form complexly organized druses, which are peculiar three-dimensional formations, consisting of mussels of different sizes, fastened together with a substrate by an entire network of strong byssus threads. These formations increase the level of heterogeneity of the substrate and increase the variety of available habitats for other animals. The aggregate of these druses is a kind of sedimentary trap in which particles of nutritive detritus accumulate. The availability of accessible habitats, convenient shelters and food reserves attracts various species of invertebrates to the community. Around the core of the consortia a cluster of organisms formed associated with edificator species. An important role is played by trophic links between different mobile organisms and the phyto-component of the community. The ability of the Black Sea mussel to condition the environment, creating favourable conditions for the development of other organisms, characterizes it as an autogenic ecosystem engineer. Trophic and mediopathic links between the organisms that compose the fouling community go beyond it and extend to the inhabitants of the pelagic environment.

scholarly journals Dynamics of diversity and abundance of Amphipoda of mussel collectors (Sevastopol, Black Sea)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
V. A. Grintsov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Sessile Organisms ◽  
Dynamics Of Number ◽  
Mussel Farm

Amphipoda are an important component of fish food. They serve also as bioindicators, intermediate hosts for parasitic organisms, and utilizers of primary and secondary production. In this work, dynamics of biodiversity and abundance of Amphipoda from the fouling community of mussel farm collectors in the open coastal zone near Karantinnaya Bay (Sevastopol, Black Sea) have been studied over 16 months. Eighteen species in 72 613 specimens of Amphipoda have been identified. Four species of Amphipoda dominate in the community in different seasons. Highly synchronous dynamics of number of Amphipoda and total wet weight of sessile organisms in the community was found (with correlation coefficient 0.95). Amphipoda have been systematized according to their biotopes, and the sizes of the Amphipoda populations have been evaluated.

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