scholarly journals A Data Mining Perspective of XRF Elemental Analysis from Pueblo People’s Pottery

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
M. Castro-Colin ◽  
E. Ramirez-Homs ◽  
J. A. López
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Complete Average ◽  
Elemental Characterization

Hierarchical clustering was used to identify elemental signatures in artifacts attributed to the Pueblo peoples. The artifacts in this study are pottery samples found at different sites in the state of New Mexico, USA. Three methods were applied: complete, average, and Ward. Their corresponding cophenetic correlation coefficients were used to contrast the three methods. Elemental characterization was only based on X-ray fluorescence excitation from a portable spectrometer with the silver anode. The elemental correlations here disclosed by data mining techniques are expected to guide further archaeological studies and assist experts in the assessment of provenance and historical ethnographic studies. XRF elemental analysis

Signal/Noise Ratio and Elemental Detectivity by Eels

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
R. F. Egerton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Signal Noise ◽  
Characteristic Signal ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

An important parameter governing the sensitivity and accuracy of elemental analysis by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) or by X-ray emission spectroscopy is the signal/noise ratio of the characteristic signal.

scholarly journals Hydrochloric Acid Modification and Lead Removal Studies on Naturally Occurring Zeolites from Nevada, New Mexico, and Arizona

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Garven M. Huntley ◽  
Rudy L. Luck ◽  
Michael E. Mullins ◽  
Nick K. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
27Al Mas Nmr ◽  
Modified Zeolites

Four naturally occurring zeolites were examined to verify their assignments as chabazites AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na (Bowie, Arizona) and clinoptilolites NM-Ca (Winston, New Mexico) and NV-Na (Ash Meadows, Nevada). Based on powder X-ray diffraction, NM-Ca was discovered to be mostly quartz with some clinoptilolite residues. Treatment with concentrated HCl (12.1 M) acid resulted in AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na, the chabazite-like species, becoming amorphous, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. In contrast, NM-Ca and NV-Na, which are clinoptilolite-like species, withstood boiling in concentrated HCl acid. This treatment removes calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, aluminum, and iron atoms or ions from the framework while leaving the silicon framework intact as confirmed via X-ray fluorescence and diffraction. SEM images on calcined and HCl treated NV-Na were obtained. BET surface area analysis confirmed an increase in surface area for the two zeolites after treatment, NM-Ca 20.0(1) to 111(4) m2/g and NV-Na 19.0(4) to 158(7) m2/g. 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR were performed on the natural and treated NV-Na zeolite, and the data for the natural NV-Na zeolite suggested a Si:Al ratio of 4.33 similar to that determined by X-Ray fluorescence of 4.55. Removal of lead ions from solution decreased from the native NM-Ca, 0.27(14), NV-Na, 1.50(17) meq/g compared to the modified zeolites, 30 min HCl treated NM-Ca 0.06(9) and NV-Na, 0.41(23) meq/g, and also decreased upon K+ ion pretreatment in the HCl modified zeolites.

scholarly journals 4-vinylpyridine derivatives: Protonation, methylation and silver(I) coordination chemistry

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982198965
Author(s):  
Guoqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Coordination Chemistry ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Silver Complex ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Pyridine Moiety ◽  
New Compounds

( E)-4-[2-(Pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]benzaldehyde, containing both a 4-vinylpyridine and an aldehyde functionality, is utilized to develop new, highly conjugated chalcone compounds and a bis-Schiff base azine compound. The chalcone-containing compounds are further explored for their protonation, methylation and silver(I) coordination chemistry using the pyridine moiety. In parallel, a cyano-containing analogue, ( E)-4-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]benzonitrile is also synthesized and studied for its silver(I) coordination chemistry. These new compounds are fully characterized by mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. The methylated product of ( E)-1-(9-anthryl)-3-{4-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]phenyl}prop-2-en-1-one and a silver complex of ( E)-4-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]benzonitrile are structurally determined by X-ray crystallography.

Cobalt(II) Mercury Tetrathiocyanate Complexes with Lewis Bases

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Makhija ◽  
L. Pazdernik ◽  
R. Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lewis Bases ◽  
Polydentate Ligands

A new series of octahedral cobalt(II) complexes are formed when CoX2(X = Cl, Br, I, SCN) reacts with Hg(SCN)2 in the presence of Lewis bases. These complexes of stoichiometry CoHg(SCN)4•2L (L = THF, dioxane, pyridine, aniline) are pink to violet solids which slowly decompose to the blue crystalline solid, CoHg(SCN)4, the stable magnetic susceptibility standard. On further reaction of CoHg(SCN)4•2THF with mono-, bi-, and polydentate ligands in dry ethanol, complexes of the following types are obtained: CoHg(SCN)4•2L (L = PΦ3), CoHg(SCN)4•2LL (LL = trien), CoHg(SCN)4•3LL (LL = en, bipy), and CoHg(SCN)4•4LL (LL = phen). The stoichiometry of these were determined by elemental analysis. Possible structures of these are discussed with the help of mid and far infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and X-ray powder diffraction. Some new i.r. bands like Co—P, Co—N, and Hg—S are assigned in the low region.

scholarly journals Integrated quantitative PIXE analysis and EDX spectroscopy using a laser-driven particle source

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. eabc8660
Author(s):  
F. Mirani ◽  
A. Maffini ◽  
F. Casamichiela ◽  
A. Pazzaglia ◽  
A. Formenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Materials Analysis ◽  
Particle Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Sample Structure ◽  
Elemental Characterization

Among the existing elemental characterization techniques, particle-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy are two of the most widely used in different scientific and technological fields. Here, we present the first quantitative laser-driven PIXE and laser-driven EDX experimental investigation performed at the Centro de Láseres Pulsados in Salamanca. Thanks to their potential for compactness and portability, laser-driven particle sources are very appealing for materials science applications, especially for materials analysis techniques. We demonstrate the possibility to exploit the x-ray signal produced by the co-irradiation with both electrons and protons to identify the elements in the sample. We show that, using the proton beam only, we can successfully obtain quantitative information about the sample structure through laser-driven PIXE analysis. These results pave the way toward the development of a compact and multifunctional apparatus for the elemental analysis of materials based on a laser-driven particle source.

Recent Developments In Monochromatic Microprobe X-Ray Fluorescence (MMXRF)

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
Z. W. Chen ◽  
D. B. Wittry
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quantitative Microanalysis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fifth Order

A monochromatic x-ray microprobe based on a laboratory source has recently been developed in our laboratory and used for fluorescence excitation. This technique provides high sensitivity (ppm to ppb), nondestructive, quantitative microanalysis with minimum sample preparation and does not require a high vacuum specimen chamber. It is expected that this technique (MMXRF) will have important applications in materials science, geological sciences and biological science.Three-dimensional focusing of x-rays can be obtained by using diffraction from doubly curved crystals. In our MMXRF setup, a small x-ray source was produced by the bombardment of a selected target with a focused electron beam and a toroidal mica diffractor with Johann pointfocusing geometry was used to focus characteristic x-rays from the source. In the previous work ∼ 108 photons/s were obtained in a Cu Kα probe of 75 μm × 43 μm in the specimen plane using the fifth order reflection of the (002) planes of mica.

Laboratory Sources for Soft-X-Ray Imaging of Hydrated Biological Material

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (S2) ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
JA Hunt ◽  
PAC Takman ◽  
B Frazer ◽  
BC Gundrum ◽  
A Abbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2008 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, August 3 – August 7, 2008

STUDY OF THE PUREPECHA METALS BY PIXE AND METALLOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. MÉNDEZ ◽  
D. TENORIO ◽  
G. MURILLO ◽  
B. MÉNDEZ-GARRIDO ◽  
LUIS C. LONGORIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Suitable Technique ◽  
Metallic Artifacts

Proton-Induced-X-Ray-Emission (PIXE) is a suitable technique for the elemental analysis of ancient metallic artifacts, without any deterioration of the samples. Metallography was used to determine the manufacture technique of ancient metallic artifacts. These techniques were applied to study 12 copper artifacts collected, from burial offerings of a "Señor Tarasco", discovered by Eduardo Pareyon, in "El Portal de Matamoros", Uruapan, Michoacán, in 1957.

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