scholarly journals Modification of Diamagnetic Materials Using Magnetic Fluids

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
I. Safarik ◽  
J. Prochazkova ◽  
E. Baldikova ◽  
M. Timko ◽  
P. Kopcansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Magnetic Fluids ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Separator ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Magnetic Modification

Magnetic fluids (ferrofluids) have found many important applications in various areas of biosciences, biotechnology, medicine, and environmental technology. In this review, we have summarized the relevant information dealing with a magnetic modification of diamagnetic materials using different types of ferrofluids. Special attention is focused on a magnetic modification of plant-derived biomaterials, microbial and microalgal cells, eukaryotic cells, biopolymers, inorganic materials, and organic polymers. Derivatization is usually caused by the presence of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles within the pores of treated materials, on the materials surface or within the polymer gels. The obtained smart materials exhibit several types of responses to an external magnetic field, especially the possibility of the selective magnetic separation from difficult-to-handle environments by means of a magnetic separator. The ferrofluid-modified materials have been especially used as adsorbents, carriers, composite nanozymes or whole-cell biocatalysts.

Magnetically Responsive Nanocomposite Materials for Bioapplications

2009 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Safarik ◽  
Mirka Safarikova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Different Types

Magnetic nano- and microparticles have already found many important applications in various areas of biosciences, medicine, biotechnology, environmental technology etc. These smart materials exhibit different types of response to external magnetic field. In most cases they can be described as composite materials, where the magnetic properties are caused by the presence of iron oxides nano- or microparticles. Such materials can be efficiently separated from difficult-to-handle samples and targeted to the desired place, applied as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, used to generate heat during exposure to alternating magnetic field or to modify biomolecules and biological structures.

Studying changes in the electrical resistance of carbon-nanotubes-modified elastomers during their compression, stretching and torsion

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
V. S. Yagubov ◽  
A. V. Shchegolkov ◽  
A. V. Shchegolkov ◽  
N. R. Memetov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Elastomer Composites

Developing "smart" materials with improved both structural and functional characteristics is one of the promising areas of materials science. Measuring the electrical resistance of CNTs-modified (various mass contents) polymers and in particular, elastomers during performing several tests (compression, stretching, and torsion) at a constant current is relevant in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, aviation, and space industry. Changes in the elastomer shape under different types of testing lead to the destruction of macromolecules and the structuring of the material as a whole. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of CNTsbased modifying fillers on the elastomer. When compressing, stretching or twisting the nano-modified elastomer, along with the mutual movement of its macromolecular fragments and aggregates, the modifier particles also move, which generally determines the transport of electrons in the resulting structure and affects the physical and mechanical parameters of the composite material. To conduct studies, elastomers containing different amounts of a CNTs-based modifying filler were prepared. To investigate and elucidate relevant dependencies, a measuring system (MS) was constructed, which makes it possible to determine electrical resistance values of the composite material with different CNTs contents in the polymer matrix composition exposed to various mechanical loads. Basing the research results, it was established that the electrical resistance of the elastomer composites modified with 1.0–2.5 wt.% CNTs decreases when compressing from 0 to 100 N, whereas when the compression force ranges from 100 to 350 N, the electrical resistance remains unchanged. When the elastomer composites modified with 2–2.5 wt.% CNTs were stretched by 30–40 %, the electrical resistance was found to increase from 5·103 to 1.9·107 Ω.

scholarly journals Separation of Cultivars of Soybeans by Chemometric Methods Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
João S. Panero ◽  
Henrique E. B. da Silva ◽  
Pedro S. Panero ◽  
Oscar J. Smiderle ◽  
Francisco S. Panero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Data ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Signal Correction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Linear Fit

Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy technique combined with chemometrics methods were used to group and identify samples of different soy cultivars. Spectral data, collected in the range of 714 to 2500 nm (14000 to 4000 cm-1), were obtained from whole grains of four different soybean cultivars and were submitted to different types of pre-treatments. Chemometrics algorithms were applied to extract relevant information from the spectral data, to remove the anomalous samples and to group the samples. The best results were obtained considering the spectral range from 1900.6 to 2187.7 nm (5261.4 cm-1 to 4570.9 cm-1) and with spectral treatment using Multiplicative Signal Correction (MSC) + Baseline Correct (linear fit), what made it possible to the exploratory techniques Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) to separate the cultivars. Thus, the results demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy allied with de chemometrics techniques can provide a rapid, nondestructive and reliable method to distinguish different cultivars of soybeans.

Learning landslide hazard in a virtual environment at University level combining real case study, collaborative work and innovative tools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Guinau ◽  
Gloria Furdada
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Triggering Factors ◽  
Different Types

<p>The pandemic situation we are experiencing has forced us to transform face-to-face teaching into virtual teaching. Digital platforms hinder the interaction, discussion and feedback that naturally occur in a face-to-face class, but at the same time, they provide an opportunity to put the focus on the student’s learning rather than on content delivering. Learning include both, inductive and deductive processes; induction can be effectively acquired by using case studies; then, deduction can be achieved through comparison, analysis, generalisation and synthesis.  Digital platforms appear as an optimal resource to facilitate the individual and collaborative tasks and learning processes. In this work we present our experience on the landslide hazard subject (Master’s level) focussed on the student’s learning through the use of digital media.</p><p>Internet information of undeniable quality that can be easily accessed is basic: The Landslide Blog by Dave Petley (https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/) in Blogosphere hosted by AGU (American Geophysical Union) provides valuable and updated information on landslide events occurring worldwide. The learning activities are structured around several cases selected by the lecturer from the blog to ensure the analysis of the most frequent landslide types. All activities are developed in 8 steps: 1) The teacher presents the learning action (objective, tasks, and assessment guide) using a Genially platform interactive image; 2) Each student selects one of the proposed cases and compile relevant information about it; 3) Each student analyses the landslide characteristics, identifies the landslide type  and classifies it according to Hungr et al., 2014 (available through the educational virtual platform), and recognises the control and triggering factors (one virtual session is programmed and a forum tool is provided to the students to discuss and to solve doubts); 4) Each student selects and organizes the significant information about each case by building an interactive image in Genially; 5) Each student presents each case using his/her interactive image in a virtual session, which is recorded and uploaded to the educational platform; 6) Students peer evaluate the content and design of the interactive images and oral presentations based on the provided assessment guide; 7) During a predetermined time, students collaboratively compile all the information in a Google sheet table to synthesize the geomorphological characteristics, materials involved, mobilization mechanisms and control and triggering factors of the different types of landslides; 8) the synthetic table is discussed and  completed during a virtual session.</p><p>All the knowledge and skills acquired by students with these activities are put into practice in a two-day field trip where students have to identify, characterize and classify different types of landslides as well as their control and triggering factors. The risk situation and the mitigation strategies are discussed in each case and compared to the ones studied through virtual learning. Furthermore, students get used and learn how to clearly present information through virtual tools, as Genially, useful for dissemination purposes.</p><p>Hungr et al. 2014. The Varnes classification of landslide types, an update. Landslides 11(2). DOI: 10.1007/s10346-013-0436-y</p>

4. Adaptive Gaze Control in an Observational Learning Task

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kim
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Gaze Control ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Object Condition ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influence how people look at objects they will have to act upon while watching others interact with them first. We investigated whether including different types of task-relevant information into an observational learning task would result in participants adapting their gaze towards an object with more task-relevant information. The participant watched an actor simultaneously lift and replace two objects with two hands then was cued to lift one of the two objects. The objects had the potential to change weight between each trial. In our cue condition, participants were cued to lift one of the objects every single time. In our object condition, the participants were cued equally to act on both objects; however, the weights of only one of the objects would have the potential to change. The hypothesis in the cue condition was that the participant would look significantly more at the object being cued. The hypothesis for the object condition was that the participant would look significantly more (i.e. adapt their gaze) at the object changing weight. The rationale behind this is that participants will learn to allocate their gaze significantly more towards that object so they can gain information about its properties (i.e. weight change). Pending results will indicate whether or not this occurred, and has implications for understanding eye movement sequences in visually guided behaviour tasks. The outcome of this study also has implications for the mechanisms of eye gaze with respect to social learning tasks. 

Distinct profiles of stimulus specific cortical activity for ignoring distraction during working memory encoding and maintenance, and associations with performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Ashton ◽  
André Gouws ◽  
Marcus Glennon ◽  
THEODORE ZANTO ◽  
Steve Tipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Our ability to hold information in mind for a short time (working memory) is separately predicted by our ability to ignore two types of distraction: distraction that occurs while we put information into working memory (encoding) and distraction that occurs while we maintain already encoded information within working memory. This suggests that ignoring these different types of distraction involves distinct mechanisms which separately limit performance. Here we used fMRI to measure category-sensitive cortical activity and probe these mechanisms. The results reveal specific neural mechanisms by which relevant information is remembered and irrelevant information is ignored, which contribute to intra-individual differences in WM performance.

Integral Communication Tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ozren Rafajac ◽  
Alen Jakupović
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Relationship Improvement

An integral communication tool is producing a coherent message while attempting to achieve synergy among different types of communicators. By encouraging a purposeful dialogue and automatic exchange of relevant information, these kinds of tools can improve our mutual understanding, cooperation, collaboration and competitiveness. The main problem in collaboration is finding compatible partners, friends and people (with similar interests) with whom we can build long-term relationships in different fields of life, such as family relations, education and leisure. The same applies to all economic activities. The authors find a solution to this problem in the development of an integral communication tool that has the three main objectives: self-improvement, relationship improvement and qualitative improvement of collaboration. By analyzing the requirements of potential users, the authors have developed a conceptual model of an integral communication tool that explains its basic functions, subsystems and information connections.

Persistence in memory of the surface organization of simple maps as performance aids

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Z. Rothkopf ◽  
Mary E. Koether ◽  
Marjorie J. Billington
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
Extensive Practice

The surface organization of performance aids such as maps or diagrams can affect decisions even when the relevant information has been mastered and decisions are made from memory. We tested this conjecture by providing three different types of maps as performance aids for routing decisions. The maps were realistic, straightened, or diagrammatic. Through extensive practice, very accurate performance was achieved even when the performance aid was no longer available. After 200 decisions made from memory, decision time was nearly stable (asymptotic), but diagrammatic map subjects were still about 500 msecs faster than those who used more realistic maps. The observed aftereffects of the structure of performance aids are congruent with the usual conceptions of mental models in that they reflect productive memorial structures. Our findings suggest that inappropriately organized informative materials may exact a toll even after their content is mastered.

scholarly journals Detainees' perception of the doctors and the medical institution in Spanish police stations: An impediment in the fight against torture and ill-treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Draminsky Petersen ◽  
Benito Morentin
Keyword(s):  
Basque Country ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Medical Institution ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Istanbul Protocol ◽  
Procedural Safeguards ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical Examinations

Background: As part of a program by the Basque Government (Spain) and the University of the Basque Country, persons who have alleged exposure to torture and ill-treatment have been examined by psychologists and psychiatrists according to the Istanbul Protocol (IP). Medical examinations of detainees with the aim, inter alia, to document abuses is fundamental for torture prevention. The IP prescribes how this should be done to ensure data collection and prevent reprisals for having reported ill-treatment to the doctor. Objectives: The objectives were to assess detainees' perception of the medical examinations which they underwent at different types of Spanish police institution and to compare practice between institutions; and, to compare information from the period 1969-1991 with that from 1992-2014. Methods: All information about medical examinations of incommunicado detainees from 202 extensive IP reports was analysed according to a 19-item tool developed for the purpose dealing with the doctors' professional performance, the confidence of the detainees in the doctors, reprisals and procedural safeguards (Annex 1). All information was classified as acceptable, unacceptable /insufficient or totally unacceptable. Findings: Very often the detainees perceived the doctors' professional performance as insufficient or totally unacceptable and the doctors did not instil their confidence. Threats of police reprisals and failure to observe procedural safeguards were often reported. There were no differences in the comparison between institutions. When comparing the two study periods an improvement was found over time. However, 64% of the scores came out as totally unacceptable or insufficient for the most recent period indicating that the medical institution in police stations where the detentions had taken place failed to constitute a preventive means against torture and ill-treatment. Limitations: Only 57% of the 202 reports assessed contained relevant information; data was retrieved retrospectively; the interviews were done years after detention without a particular focus on medical examinations.

scholarly journals What, where, when, what for and how? (Reflections on Pragmatic Adaptation)

2021 ◽  
pp. 266-279
Author(s):  
Olga V. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Language Text

The article discusses the problem of choosing ways and means of pragmatic adaptation in translating a text. The relevance of the topic is due to the necessity to facilitate cross-cultural communication in view of the increased intensity and diversity of forms of international contacts. The definition of pragmatic adaptation as the actions of a translator aimed at adapting the source language text to its perception by a recipient belonging to a different culture, does not answer the questions of when and how a translator can and should change the text in order to preserve the pragmatic potential of the original. The aim of the article is to analyze the problems arising in translating texts requiring pragmatic adaptation and evaluate the impact of different types of pragmatic adaptation on reproducing the pragmatic potential of the original and achieving the possible purposes of translation. In order to do it an experiment was carried out: a text was translated in four different ways with different means used for its pragmatic adaptation, and the translations were compared. The results of the experiment show that the choice of pragmatic adaptation methods and techniques is determined not by the type of text or the type of adaptation, as is usually believed, but by the specific purpose for which the text is translated. Thus, when translating a literary text, which always contains factual, conceptual, emotional, aesthetic, and cultural information, the choice between the naturalness of the text, the preservation of the author’s style, the completeness of the content and the communication of culturally relevant information means, in fact, setting different accents. The means of pragmatic adaptation used by the translator depend entirely on the prioritization of these types of information, in other words, on the purpose of translation.

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