scholarly journals The greater mole-rat (Spalax microphthalmus) and humans: facets of interaction in the Middle Volga Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (19) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Alexey Andreychev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Narrow Strip ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Steppe Meadow

In Mordovia, there is a relict local population of the greater mole-rat (Spalax microphthalmus). Similar isolated populations of the greater mole-rat have been preserved only in a few regions of the Volga Region. They are confined to refugia of steppe vegetation. In these regions, the greater mole-rat needs protection. However, people violate the animals' habitats and destroy them. This is also typical for Mordovia, where a stable small population has existed for a long time. The aim of the paper was to study changes in the impact of human activity on the population of the greater mole-rat at the northern border of the species’ range. The impact of human activity on one of the settlements in the local population was studied. This territory was a hotbed from which there was a settlement to adjacent suitable sites. Since 1974, this territory has been a complex natural monument “Levzhenskiy Landscape Reserve.” Twenty-five individuals (13% of the total population in the region) lived in the area of human impact. The settlement of animals in the direction of the city due to plowing the steppe meadow was revealed. It was noted that the greater mole-rat appeared near roads, houses, and gardens where they had not been recorded before. Individual mounds were found between the extreme houses of the village of Levzhenskiy and this plowed area. In addition, fresh mounds from one burrowing system were found in a narrow strip (3 meters) between the road and the plowed area. In both cases, we are talking about individual survivors. In comparison with cattle grazing, plowing of a steppe meadow is a significant negative impact on the greater mole-rat since it is the destruction, first of all, the food base. Earlier, greater mole-rats did not migrate massively from their plots because of cattle grazing. This impact has not only changed the state of the population, but may be one of the reasons for the disappearance of the population in general. Paleontological findings within the city limits confirm the former wider distribution of the greater mole-rat.

scholarly journals CONFLICTS IN URBAN SPACE AND POST-INDUSTRIAL URBAN TRANSFORMATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Liudmylа NIEMETS ◽  
Olha SUPTELO ◽  
Maryna LOHVYNOVA ◽  
Kateryna SEHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Conflicts

Kharkiv is a modern city in the transition to post-industrial development, with significant migratory attractiveness, high level of urbanization, binational and bilingual population, implementation of a number of socio-economic development projects. Today, the city is not only the localization of many opportunities for the development of society and man, but also an area of increased conflictogenity. The purpose of the study is to identify the main urban conflicts during the post-industrial transition, which arise as a reaction to urban transformations and the action of external national processes and the establishment of the main stakeholders of urban changes and conflicts. The study found that the manifestations and degree of conflictogenity in the city depends on its place in the global urban gradation, and therefore, Kharkiv has a high level of conflictogenity, which is confirmed by the frequency of urban conflicts. The study identified factors of high conflictogenity in Kharkiv, which are due to its historical, cultural and socio-economic development. The following conflicts arise in the city: migration, which are caused by pendulum migrations of the population from peripheral areas to the city, forced migrations from the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine; ethno-national, due to the competition of the Ukrainian-Russian population, conflicts with national minorities living in the city; urban and property conflicts, which arise mainly between representatives of local authorities, stakeholders and the local population. Urban conflicts affect urban processes, change the urban landscape and reduce the city’s attractiveness. We emphasize the need for further comprehensive socio-geographical studies of urban processes in cities, in particular the emergence of conflicts, identifying factors of conflict, the impact of urban conflicts on the socio-geographical landscape and developing models to find effective solutions to conflicts in the city.

scholarly journals LITERARY FIGURES OF «SIMBIRSK RENAISSANCE»

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Mankov ◽  
Andrei I. Paberzs
Keyword(s):  
Active Phase ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Talented People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
The City

In July 1918 the People’s Army of Komuch and Czechoslovak volunteers occupied Simbirsk. The active phase of the civil war both in the Middle Volga region and in Russia as a whole took on new forms of socio-political struggle. For several months, the Bolsheviks in the province, having left Simbirsk, were forced to defend themselves. During this time, the city was governed by a military administration consisting of officers of the Czechoslovak corps and members of the Komuch. This historical period in the region was called «Renaissance» by some of its contemporaries. During these days, representatives of various Russian political parties were active in Simbirsk: the Mensheviks, the social revolutionaries, and the cadets. Among the figures of the bourgeois «Renaissance» in Simbirsk Volga region, there were many famous figures of the Russian culture in the region, both then and now, as well as talented people forgotten in our days: writers, poets, and journalists. Among those who fell into the epicenter of the turbulent political processes that took place in the region were S.G. Skitalets, S.G. ­Gortinsky­, M.P. Kistanov, N.S. Okhotin, and others. The authors explore the activities of a number of literary figures in Simbirsk after the defeat of the Bolsheviks in the region, and also tell about their fate after the defeat of the Czechoslovak Legion and restoration of the Soviet power in Simbirsk.

scholarly journals Impact of natural fires on the vegetation cover of steppe and forest-steppe zones (European part of Russia, Middle Volga region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Valentina Ilyina ◽  
Anna Mitroshenkova ◽  
Stepan Senator ◽  
Vera Solovyeva ◽  
Stanislav Rogov
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Natural Fires ◽  
Zonal Vegetation ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Impact

The effect of natural fires on the vegetation cover of steppe and forest-steppe zones in the south-east of European Russia (the middle course of the Volga River) has been evaluated. The research used methods of studying biosystems at organism, species, population and cenotic levels. The study revealed the possibility of regrowth of aboveground plant parts after fires, changes in the population structure of species, and resistance of populations and zonal plant communities to the effects of natural fires. The most vulnerable among zonal vegetation types are pine forests, feather-grass and petrophytic steppes. Frequency, intensity and area of natural fires in the Middle Volga region cause significant changes in the structure of vegetation cover and reduction of biodiversity. The results obtained in the study of the impact of fires on vegetation can be used in the planning and implementation of environmental and reforestation measures.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE UNIVERSITY FOR THE CITY ECONOMY: AN EXAMPLE OF THE IMPACT OF A DISPLACED UNIVERSITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (5 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
TETYANA NESTORENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
National Technical ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article considers the importance of a displaced university for the economy of the host city. The main directions of the impact of the displaced university on the local economy are analysed. The role of the displaced university for the revenue of the budget of the host city is considered. The example of Donetsk National Technical University shows the importance of displaced university for employment of the local population and reducing the rate of migration. The study aims to determine the impact of displaced universities on the economy of host cities (on the example of Donetsk National Technical University and Pokrovsk city). As a result of moving to the territories controlled by the Ukrainian authorities, the displaced universities, on the one hand, lost a significant part of their assets and found themselves in a difficult situation due to limited resources to continue their core business (training future professionals). On the other hand, the relocation of such universities was the impetus for the further development of host cities. The displaced university provides local youth with the opportunity to obtain higher education without leaving for other cities. Through their activities, displaced universities are creating new jobs for locals. Also, displaced universities are becoming big taxpayers to the local budget. That is why the support of displaced universities by the state and international organizations (granting certain preferences, financial assistance, etc.) will contribute not only to the “survival” of such universities but also to the socio-economic development of host cities. The study found that Donetsk National Technical University as a displaced university has a positive impact on the economy of the city of Pokrovsk: the university uses and pays for utilities provided by local businesses, buys goods and food from local producers. The university pays local taxes and fees to the local budget. Also, the local budget receives the taxes from university staff. Thanks to the activities of the university, about 400 jobs were created in the Pokrovsk city.

scholarly journals Effective fertility in direct sowing of spring wheat in the middle Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Alexey Vasilyevich Vasin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina ◽  
Baurzhan Zhunuzovich Dzhangabaev ◽  
Lilia Vladimirovna Pronovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Sowing

It is given the impact of direct sowing technologies with different levels of intensity of arable land use, in comparison with the traditional tillage, on the elements of fertility of ordinary chernozem and productivity of spring durum wheat in the middle Volga region. The complex application of direct sowing technology using straw as fertilizer stabilizes with traditional technology the supply of soil with nitrogen, increases the content of mobile forms of phosphorus in it by 1.5-21.2%, potassium exchange – by 10.4-18.3%.   Improving the nitrogen regime of the soil in direct sowing, in which the starting doses of nitrogen fertilizers were combined with integrated plant protection, provided the highest grain yield – 1.76-1.79 t/ha, which is 0.41-0.44 t/ha (30.4-32.6 %) higher than the control. The increase in yield from the use of biological products was 0.15 t / ha (11.9 %), nitrogen fertilizers N30 – 0.17 t/ha (13.4 %), the combined use of fertilizers and insecticides 0.50-0.53 t/ha (39.7-42.0 %). The highest cost recovery was after direct sowing with a maximum level of intensification-1.98-2.02 rubles/ha, which is 0.14-0.32 rubles/ha higher than the other options. The smallest economic indicators obtained in the control to 1.54 rubles/ha. According to the results of research with direct seeding of spring durum wheat in the region is proposed on the background of integrated plant protection application of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on yield of 2.0 t/ha (pre-sowing, local-band application).

scholarly journals Bezymyanka – the core of the aviation complex in the Middle Volga Region during the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Aleksander I. Repinetskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The City

During the Great Patriotic War, the Middle Volga Region became one of the centers for military-industrial complex enterprises evacuation from the western regions of the country. The city of Kuybyshev (now Samara) accepted 40 largest enterprises. The factories of the People’s Commissariat of the Aviation Industry functioned as their basis. This decision was associated with the ongoing construction of three aircraft factories in the city. By the beginning of the war, the construction had not been completed and the completion degree of the plants buildings varied. The decision to evacuate aviation production to the city was also influenced by the presence of the metalworking industry, energy capacities and labor concentrated in one of the largest camps of the GULAG system – Bezymyanlag. The equipment of the evacuated enterprises was arriving at the Bezymyanka station of the Kuibyshev railway where aviation factories were being constructed. Unloading and placing the equipment caused considerable difficulties. The machines were installed in unfinished facilities or even simply on the ground. A large industrial center developed near the city where the enterprises of the aviation complex were located. A closed production cycle was created for the first time in the country here; it produced the Ilyushin IL-2 and the Ilyushin IL-10 Shturmoviks. The Ilyushin IL-2 attack aircraft was recognized as the best one in World War II. The production establishment faced great difficulties: placement on unsuitable production manufacturing sites, extremely tight timeline for manufacturing production, and the need for its constant modernization. The personnel issue was especially urgent. It was decided to mobilize women, youth and adolescents to work for manufacturing enterprises. However, their low qualifications caused production problems. It was self-sacrifice and labor heroism that helped to tackle these tasks. The work of the Bezymyanka aviation complex supplied the country’s armed forces with combat aircraft. The presence of a large aviation complex predetermined the development of the industrial cluster of the Samara Region.

The Sack of Rome (1527)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Goethals
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
Charles V ◽  
Sacred Spaces ◽  
Cultural Elite ◽  
Italian City ◽  
City States ◽  
Papal States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

On 6 May 1527 the Spanish, German, and Italian troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, sacked Renaissance Rome. The Sack was a climactic event in the War of the League of Cognac, begun in 1526, and in the broader Italian Wars waged between Spain, France, the Papal States and various Italian city-states between 1494 and 1559. Rome was poorly defended by Pope Clement VII, who shortly beforehand had agreed to a truce with the imperialists against the wishes of his allies and had subsequently dismissed his mercenaries. With official blessing, however, the imperial commander Charles de Bourbon did not honor this truce, instead moving south down the Italian Peninsula, threatening Florence and then advancing on Rome. Although Bourbon was fatally wounded during the sack, his troops quickly took the city. The pope fled to safety in Castel Sant’Angelo, where he remained trapped until he escaped to Orvieto in December; he would return to Rome only the following fall. The invading army moved largely unimpeded through the city, assaulting and slaughtering its citizens, pillaging, and violating sacred spaces and objects. The levels of violence reported in eyewitness accounts shocked the rest of Italy and Europe, even after decades of regular warfare. The Roman population waited in vain for salvation by the French army or the troops of the League under the command of Francesco Maria della Rovere, Duke of Urbino. The imperial army remained in Rome for nine months, all the while kidnapping and torturing the local population so as to unearth hidden money and valuables. While it is difficult to measure with precision the impact of the sack, Hook 2004 estimates that by the end of 1527 nearly half of the city’s population had been killed, died of famine or disease, or had fled the city. Other notable consequences included the torment and, in some cases, the death of artists and intellectuals, the destruction of humanist libraries, and the diaspora of artists, writers, and others previously connected to the city’s cultural activity. A lasting truce was struck only in June 1529, when Clement and Charles signed the Treaty of Barcelona. A symbolic enactment of peace occurred at the Congress (or Peace) of Bologna in late 1529 and early 1530, when the pope officially crowned Charles emperor and the cultural elite of Europe converged on the city; Rome, meanwhile, remained in shambles and was left to slowly beginn the process of rebuilding.

scholarly journals COVID-19 scenarios for comparing the effectiveness of age-specific vaccination regimes, exemplified for the city of Aschaffenburg (Germany)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Krebs ◽  
Holger von Jouanne-Diedrich ◽  
Michael J Moeckel
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Purpose of this report: The purpose of this rapid communication is to illustrate the effectiveness of different vaccination regimes for controlling the number of severe and critical COVID-19 cases in the city of Aschaffenburg, Germany. Our results show that, despite numerous vaccinations in the past, further vaccinations are necessary to immunize the population and to keep the number of severe and critical cases low in the coming months. Considering that not all people can or want to receive vaccination, we compare different age-specific vaccination approaches. Applied Methods: We use the agent-based epidemiological simulator Covasim for discussing the impact of different vaccination strategies. We calibrate it to reproduce the historical course of the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Aschaffenburg, Germany; for this, we model and integrate numerous public health interventions imposed on the local population. As for some of the political actions rigorous quantification is currently not available, we fit those unknown (free) model parameters to published data on the measured epidemiological dynamics. Then we calculate the state of immunization of the population, gained through infections and vaccinations, at any time in the past, including models for time-dependent immunity decay that have been made available in Covasim. Finally, we define and compare scenar-ios of different vaccination regimes, especially with regard to vaccinating adolescents and providing booster vaccinations to the elderly. Key message: Without further vaccinations, we expect a strong increase in severe and critical cases. In order to restrict their growth our simulations suggest that in all considered cases vaccinations of unvaccinated people is more effective than booster vaccinations for already fully vaccinated people. This applies even to vaccinations of young people who are not themselves at high risk of developing severe or critical illness. We attribute this observation to the fact that immunization of adolescents indirectly protects vulnerable age groups by preventing the spread of the virus more ef-fectively than further immunizing other age groups. This indicates that with the pandemic ongoing, strategies focussed on minimizing individual health risks by vaccinations may no longer coincide with those needed to minimize the num-ber of severe and critical cases.

scholarly journals Homelessness of Children as a Social Phenomenon in 1941-1945: Manifestations and Attempts to Overcome in Middle Volga

2020 ◽  
pp. 384-400
Author(s):  
R. A. Mukhamedov ◽  
A. G. Pashkin
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main directions and specifics of the activities of state bodies and public organizations of the Middle Volga region in the fight against children homelessness in 1941-1945. At the present stage of Russia’s development, the government and society are paying considerable attention to eliminating crime and preventing deviant behavior among minors, which in turn strengthens the urgency of the problem. The authors introduce into the scientific circulation previously unavailable documents of the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region, the State Archive of Recent History of the Ulyanovsk Region, the Samara Regional State Archive of Socio-Political History. The reasons for the development of homelessness, its scope are analyzed in detail in the article, and also the key areas of activity of the internal affairs bodies are considered. It is proved that in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War in the territory of the Middle Volga region a number of factors were recorded that contributed to the criminalization of minors: significant population migration, unstable work of railway and water transport, the termination of educational institutions, an increase in the number of street and street children. It is shown that the answer to the challenge was the development of a method for combating juvenile crime, based on the close interaction of law enforcement, educational bodies and public organizations. It is alleged that the use of new methods has partially reduced the impact of negative trends and, consequently, improved the criminal situation among minors.

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