Imitation of incoherent scatter signals with consideration for altitudinal distribution of ionosphere parameters, plasma dynamics and noise components

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
V.A. Puliaiev ◽  
◽  
O.V. Bohomaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Plasma Dynamics ◽  
Incoherent Scatter

On the Modelling of Space Plasma Dynamics and Structure.

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Albert ◽  
Stephen Anderson ◽  
Michael Silevitch ◽  
Elena Villalon
Keyword(s):  
Space Plasma ◽  
Plasma Dynamics

scholarly journals Selective pollination by fungus gnats potentially functions as an alternative reproductive isolation among five Arisaema species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya K Matsumoto ◽  
Muneto Hirobe ◽  
Masahiro Sueyoshi ◽  
Yuko Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Floral Visitor ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Experimental Plots

Abstract Background and Aims Interspecific difference in pollinators (pollinator isolation) is important for reproductive isolation in flowering plants. Species-specific pollination by fungus gnats has been discovered in several plant taxa, suggesting that they can contribute to reproductive isolation. Nevertheless, their contribution has not been studied in detail, partly because they are too small for field observations during flower visitation. To quantify their flower visitation, we used the genus Arisaema (Araceae) because the pitcher-like spathe of Arisaema can trap all floral visitors. Methods We evaluated floral visitor assemblage in an altitudinal gradient including five Arisaema species. We also examined interspecific differences in altitudinal distribution (geographic isolation) and flowering phenology (phenological isolation). To exclude the effect of interspecific differences in altitudinal distribution on floral visitor assemblage, we established 10 experimental plots including the five Arisaema species on high- and low-altitude areas and collected floral visitors. We also collected floral visitors in three additional sites. Finally, we estimated the strength and contribution of these three reproductive barriers using the unified formula for reproductive isolation. Key Results Each Arisaema species selectively attracted different fungus gnats in the altitudinal gradient, experimental plots, and additional sites. Altitudinal distribution and flowering phenology differed among the five Arisaema species, whereas the strength of geographic and phenological isolations were distinctly weaker than those in pollinator isolation. Nevertheless, the absolute contribution of pollinator isolation to total reproductive isolation was weaker than geographic and phenological isolations, because pollinator isolation functions after the two early-acting barriers in plant life history. Conclusions Our results suggest that selective pollination by fungus gnats potentially contributes to reproductive isolation. Since geographic and phenological isolations can be disrupted by habitat disturbance and interannual climate change, the strong and stable pollinator isolation might compensate for the weakened early-acting barriers as an alternative reproductive isolation among the five Arisaema species.

scholarly journals Ultrafast electron cooling in an expanding ultracold plasma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kroker ◽  
Mario Großmann ◽  
Klaus Sengstock ◽  
Markus Drescher ◽  
Philipp Wessels-Staarmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Einstein Condensate ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Electron Cooling ◽  
Plasma Dynamics ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Bose Einstein Condensate ◽  
Ultracold Plasma ◽  
Strongly Coupled Plasma ◽  
Bose Einstein

AbstractPlasma dynamics critically depends on density and temperature, thus well-controlled experimental realizations are essential benchmarks for theoretical models. The formation of an ultracold plasma can be triggered by ionizing a tunable number of atoms in a micrometer-sized volume of a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) by a single femtosecond laser pulse. The large density combined with the low temperature of the BEC give rise to an initially strongly coupled plasma in a so far unexplored regime bridging ultracold neutral plasma and ionized nanoclusters. Here, we report on ultrafast cooling of electrons, trapped on orbital trajectories in the long-range Coulomb potential of the dense ionic core, with a cooling rate of 400 K ps−1. Furthermore, our experimental setup grants direct access to the electron temperature that relaxes from 5250 K to below 10 K in less than 500 ns.

scholarly journals A comparative UHPLC-Q/TOF–MS-based eco-metabolomics approach reveals temperature adaptation of four Nepenthes species

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changi Wong ◽  
Yee Soon Ling ◽  
Julia Lih Suan Wee ◽  
Aazani Mujahid ◽  
Moritz Müller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Distinct Temperature ◽  
Survival Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolite Regulation ◽  
Tof Ms

AbstractNepenthes, as the largest family of carnivorous plants, is found with an extensive geographical distribution throughout the Malay Archipelago, specifically in Borneo, Philippines, and Sumatra. Highland species are able to tolerate cold stress and lowland species heat stress. Our current understanding on the adaptation or survival mechanisms acquired by the different Nepenthes species to their climatic conditions at the phytochemical level is, however, limited. In this study, we applied an eco-metabolomics approach to identify temperature stressed individual metabolic fingerprints of four Nepenthes species: the lowlanders N. ampullaria, N. rafflesiana and N. northiana, and the highlander N. minima. We hypothesized that distinct metabolite regulation patterns exist between the Nepenthes species due to their adaptation towards different geographical and altitudinal distribution. Our results revealed not only distinct temperature stress induced metabolite fingerprints for each Nepenthes species, but also shared metabolic response and adaptation strategies. The interspecific responses and adaptation of N. rafflesiana and N. northiana likely reflected their natural habitat niches. Moreover, our study also indicates the potential of lowlanders, especially N. ampullaria and N. rafflesiana, to produce metabolites needed to deal with increased temperatures, offering hope for the plant genus and future adaption in times of changing climate.

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