Modelling spatial distribution of spill-over effects resulting from urban development

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Development

The Spatial Consequences of Bureaucratic Decisionmaking

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1489-1500
Author(s):  
J R Bohland ◽  
J Gist
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
Basic Goal ◽  
High Distress ◽  
Type Of Behavior

The research tests the proposition that risk aversion is a basic goal of bureaucratic decisionmaking within the Urban Development Action Grant Program (UDAGP) and that this type of behavior influences the spatial distribution of UDAGP grants. The results demonstrate that risk aversion is evident and that it tends to divert funds away from those cities with high distress. Political accommodation is shown to be evident in cases where bureaucrats are faced with high-risk projects. This accommodation influences the spatial distribution of UDAGP funds.

scholarly journals Urban Vitality Evaluation and Spatial Correlation Research: A Case Study from Shanghai, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Jiangang Shi ◽  
Wei Miao ◽  
Hongyun Si ◽  
Ting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
The City

Urban vitality is the primary driver of urban development. However, assessing urban vitality has always been a challenge. This paper builds on the research framework of sustainable development evaluation and selects evaluation indicators from the three systems of urban operation: economy, society, and environment. The deviation maximization (DM) method is used to evaluate urban vitality. Shanghai is then used as a case study for evaluation, and the comprehensive index of urban vitality is calculated for the city from 2010 to 2019. The evaluation results indicate that the urban vitality of Shanghai experienced a significant upward trend over ten years (2010–2019), which shows that the urban competitiveness of Shanghai is constantly strengthening. Next, the study focuses on the administrative region of Shanghai, to calculate the regional vitality level of Shanghai from 2010 to 2019 and to explore its spatial distribution characteristics. Then, a spatial autocorrelation analysis is used to explore the mechanism that affects the spatial distribution of urban vitality. The results demonstrate that the urban vitality in Shanghai shows a significant positive correlation in space. Moreover, there is a “High–High” gathering area, which includes Huangpu, Xuhui, Hongkou, and Changning in central area of Shanghai. This research provides a theoretical reference to support effective decision-making with respect to high-quality urban development.

scholarly journals Forms of urbanization: critical evaluation of the model of stages of urban development and alternative method of classification of forms of urbanization

Geografie ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luděk Sýkora ◽  
Darina Posová
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
Alternative Method

The article critically examines the model of stages of urban development and its operationalization for empirical research. We identify and display shortcomings in the model through an analysis of changes in the spatial distribution of the population and dwellings in Prague and Vienna urban regions from 1980 to 2001. We therefore suggest an alternative method of classifying forms of urbanization. Using the combination of growth or decline of an entire urban region and the centralization or decentralization within an urban region, the method clearly determines the four forms of urbanization, suburbanization, desurbanization and reurbanization.

scholarly journals Recent land subsidence caused by the rapid urban development in the Hanoi region (Vietnam) using ALOS InSAR data

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Dang ◽  
C. Doubre ◽  
C. Weber ◽  
N. Gourmelen ◽  
F. Masson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Multi Temporal

Abstract. Since the 1990s the land subsidence due to the rapid urbanization has been considered a severely destructive hazard in the center of Hanoi City. Although previous studies and measurements have quantified the subsiding deformation in Hanoi center, no data exist for the newly established districts in the south and the west, where construction development has been most significant and where groundwater pumping has been very intensive over the last decade. With a multi-temporal InSAR approach, we quantify the spatial distribution of the land subsidence in the entire Hanoi urban region using ALOS images over the 2007–2011 period. The map of the mean subsidence velocity reveals that the northern bank of the Red River appears stable, whereas some areas in southern bank are subsiding with a mean vertical rate up to 68.0 mm yr−1, especially within the three new urban districts of Hoang Mai, Ha Dong – Thanh Xuan and Hoai Duc – Tu Liem. We interpret the spatial distribution of the surface deformation as the combination of the nature of the unsaturated layer, the lowering of groundwater in the aquifers due to pumping withdrawal capacity, the increase of built-up surfaces and the type of building foundation. The piezometric level in Qp aquifer lowers particularly after 2008, whereas the groundwater level in Qh aquifer remains steady, even if it loses its seasonal fluctuation in urban areas and drawdowns in neighboring water production plants. The time evolution deduced from the InSAR time series is consistent with previous leveling data and shows that the lowering rate of the surface slightly decreases till 2008. The analysis of groundwater levels in instrumented wells shows a correlation between the behavior of groundwater with the urban development and the acceleration of groundwater withdrawal. Also, the time variations suggest that the deformation became non-stationary, with upward and downward transient displacements related to the charge and discharge of the aquifers.

scholarly journals Forests as the key component of green belts surrounding urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szczepańska ◽  
Adam Senetra
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Green Belts

The development of Polish cities leads to the urbanization of the surrounding rural areas. This process induces changes in the land-use structure, which is manifested by the expansion of urbanized and developed areas at the expense of open areas. The National Urban Development Plan until 2030 has introduced the concept of obligatory green belts around metropolitan and regional hubs to prevent uncontrolled suburbanization and to promote rational urban development. Green belts are protective areas that serve numerous functions, increase the quality of life and promote the ecological cohesion of space. Green belts limit urban sprawl and maintain urban open spaces that are accessible to city residents for recreational purposes. They also contribute to the local climate and act as sanitary cordons. The main components of green belts are green spaces, river valleys and forests. Therefore, the size as well as the distribution of forests around urban centers are important considerations. This study analyzes the distribution and spatial continuity of forests and the spatial relationships (spatial autocorrelations) between the forests situated in the rural suburbia of Olsztyn in north-eastern Poland. Suburban municipalities were analyzed at the level of cadastral districts (villages). The aim of the analysis was to evaluate the spatial continuity of forests by grouping similar objects and identifying areas which could be included in green belts. The location quotient (LQ) and Gini’s coefficient were taken into account in the analysis of the spatial distribution of forests. Local Moran’s statistics were calculated and spatial clusters were identified to illustrate the diversity of the examined suburban space based on the similarity of the neighboring objects (cadastral districts) and to determine the statistical significance of these relationships. The results of the study reveal spatial irregularities and disproportions in the distribution of forests in the suburban zone of Olsztyn as well as the presence of local instabilities and discontinuities. The applied methods are a useful tool for evaluating, planning and optimizing the spatial distribution of forests around large urban centers. Spatial management solutions in the suburban zone should aim to eliminate spatial discontinuities and improve the quality of life of the local communities.

scholarly journals Geochemistry, spatial distribution, and sources of trace element pollution in the surface sediments of Port Hacking, southern Sydney, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yasir M. Alyazichi ◽  
Amin K. Qasim ◽  
Brian G. Jones ◽  
Errol McLean ◽  
Jindy Murad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Trace Element Pollution ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Sydney Australia

Coastal environments are subject to trace metal pollution via a combination of industry and urbanised sources. The pollutants accumulate within surface sediments, especially in the quieter backwaters of estuaries. An environmental assessment of the Port Hacking estuary, southern Sydney, Australia, was undertaken using 233 surface samples. Trace metal concentrations (Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, and As) in these samples indicated that most elements in Port Hacking were below the relevant ANZECC/ARMCANZ guideline low trigger value (ISQG-low), but a few sites exceeded this value. The low trace metal concentrations are mainly because the catchment areas have limited urban development and few discharge points. In contrast, one site in Gunnamatta Bay has Zn and Cu concentrations that exceeded the high trigger value (ISQG-high), due to moored vessels, boatyards, and stormwater outlets in this vicinity. Port Hacking is considered to be relatively unpolluted and healthy when compared with other Sydney estuaries.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Utility of Public Bicycles: The Development and Challenges of Station-Less Bike Sharing in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoe Wang ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Michael Dunford
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
The Relationship

Cycling is known to be environmentally friendly and beneficial to public health and sustainable urban development. Cycling has recently increased in Chinese cities as a result of the emergence of station-less bike-sharing systems. This study examines the emergence, rapid growth and consolidation of station-less bike-sharing systems and the role of suppliers, users and government regulators. It shows that these systems developed unevenly, growing most in large cities in eastern and south-eastern China, and explores the relationship between this spatial distribution and the nature of the service and the socio-economic characteristics of cities. To investigate patterns of, and reasons for, the use of these systems, this research also reports the results of a survey of users and non-users, identifying their gender, age, income characteristics and attitudes to station-less systems.

scholarly journals Polycentric intra-urban development of hotels: Evidence from Budapest

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-442
Author(s):  
Tomasz Napierała
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Density Estimation ◽  
Kernel Density Estimation ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Location Policy

The aim of the paper is to understand evolutionary changes of hotel intra-urban location policy during the period of the economic transition. Thus, the theoretical model of polycentric intra-urban development of hotel facilities is introduced in this research. Polycentric development is defined as the result of two ongoing and contrary tendencies: (1) spatial sprawl of hotel facilities resulting from new hotel investments, and (2) concentration of hotel enterprises, which is the effect of demand-based and production-based agglomeration processes of hotel facilities in particular locations. To examine this theoretical concept, the changes of spatial distribution of hotel entities in Budapest since 1982 were investigated. Kernel density estimation was applied to identify the number, location, and area of clusters of hotel services. Empirical evidence confirms the proposed theoretical model of polycentric intra-urban development of hotels, although significant hotel clusters are only formed in the central districts of Budapest.

Spatial distribution of urban policy funds in Germany and its determinants

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Adam Radzimski
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Dynamics Of Population ◽  
Development Support

Abstract Area-based interventions are one of the ways of addressing problems of disadvantaged urban neighbourhoods. In this paper we take the example of the German urban development support scheme (Städtebauförderung) with the purpose of determining the factors behind the spatial distribution of funds from this policy. The results show a positive association with unemployment rate, and a negative one with the dynamics of population and jobs. This suggests that the allocation of funds to a large extent resembled the distribution of structurally weak areas in Germany. Using geographically weighted regression, we found spatial differences in the goodness of fit of the model as well as in coefficients of explanatory variables. Finally, we also point out some differences between specific programmes forming part of the urban development support scheme.

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