"Improving compliance in land value taxation.A case study of Jamaica’s property tax system. "

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Beale
Keyword(s):  
Property Tax ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Tax System

An analysis of forest property tax burdens under a land and reforestation tax system: a western Washington case study

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-565
Author(s):  
B. Bruce Bare
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Ad Valorem Tax ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Bare Land Value ◽  
Ad Valorem

A per acre property tax model is proposed for taxing plantation-grown timber in western Washington State. The taxable assets consist of the bare land value plus the reforestation investment necessary to establish the timber stand. Under this system, an annual ad valorem property tax, or a harvest yield tax that substitutes for all, or part, of the annual ad valorem tax is levied on the full value of the tax base. Thus, unlike the traditional case where an annual property tax is levied on modified bare land and timber values to reduce the deferred yield bias associated with long-lived timber crops, the tax base under the proposed system requires no comparable modification. A variety of input scenarios are used to compare the numerical consequences of applying the proposed tax system with those of a land only, a land plus timber, and a harvest yield tax system; all levied at full value. Further comparisons with Washington's existing forest tax system, which is composed of an annual ad valorem property tax on a legislatively mandated statutory bare land value and a 5% harvest yield tax imposed in lieu of an annual ad valorem property tax on maturing timber, demonstrates how highly modified Washington's current system has become to accommodate forest owners and temper the deferred yield bias the property tax theoretically fosters.

Banking on Failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S Collier
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Tax Systems

This book seeks to explain why and how banks ‘game the system’. More specifically, its objective is to account for why banks are so often involved in cases of misconduct and why those cases often involve the exploitation of tax systems. To do this, a case study is presented in Part I of the book. This case study concerns a highly complex transaction (often referred to as ‘cum-ex’) designed to exploit a flaw at the intersection of the tax system and the financial markets settlements system. It was entered into by a very large number of banks and other financial institutions. A number of factors make the cum-ex transaction remarkable, including the sheer scale of the financial amounts involved, the large number of banks and financial institutions involved, the comprehensive failure of the controls infrastructure in this highly regulated sector, and the fact that authorities across Europe have found it so difficult to deal with the transaction. Part II of the book draws out the wider significance of cum-ex and what it tells us about modern banks and their interactions with tax systems. The account demonstrates why the exploitation of tax systems by banks is practically inevitable due to a variety of systemic features of the financial markets and of tax systems themselves. A number of possible responses to the current position are suggested in the final chapter.

scholarly journals Lack of Uniformity in the Israeli Property Tax System 1997–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Avi Perez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Taxation System

There are two different forms of property tax systems: value-based tax, which is used in most countries of the world, and area-based tax, which is used mainly in Central and Eastern Europe and developing countries in Africa. Area-based property tax provides more stable and predictable budget revenues. It is simpler to administer and scores worse on equity grounds from the perspective of the ability-to-pay principle of taxation. Against this background, Israel’s property tax system, known as Arnona, is complex, spatially diversified, and causes a lack of uniformity that leads to tax distortion. This paper’s primary purpose is to identify the weaknesses of Israeli property tax from 1997 to 2017 and indicate how to improve the property tax system. This paper is based on case studies from four of the most important cities in Israel: Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Haifa, and Beersheba, which have four different measurement methods for calculating property tax. Unique data were collected from the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. According to this analysis, it was found that there are substantial differences in property tax between the four cities over the two decades analyzed. The main weakness is the lack of uniformity of the taxation system; the solution is to unify the measurement of real estate area for tax purposes using drone technology.

scholarly journals Constraints on property rating in the Offinso South Municipality of Ghana

2013 ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Addai Boamah
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Land Use Regulations ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Municipal Assembly

The potential of property rate has been least tapped by decentralized governments in Ghana. This paper investigates the property rating system in Ghana through a case study of Offinso South Municipality (OSM). Questionnaires were used to gather empirical data from property owners in the municipality. The paper finds that there is inadequate property tax administration system and high public disdain for the property tax in OSM, with a significant association between compliance with the property tax and land use regulations in OSM. The paper suggests that the Offinso South Municipal Assembly (OSMA) should improve its land use planning system to facilitate voluntary compliance with the property tax. OSMA should also address accountability and transparency problems in the property tax system in order to increase public confidence in the tax regime. The OSMA should also improve on the property tax collection modes by computerising the billing and collection processes.

Income Redistributive Effects of State and Local Fiscs: Connecticut, a Case Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Eapen ◽  
Ana N. Eapen
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Tax Progressivity ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Redistributive Effects

Regardless of the alternative assumptions used to allocate taxes and benefits from expenditures of Connecticut state and local governments in 1967, this study shows that the incidence of taxes is regressive while that of expenditures is progressive. The regressivity of the tax structure is overwhelmingly due to the regressivity of the property tax. Progressivity of expenditures stems chiefly from transfer payments, housing, and hospitals which benefit primarily low-income families. On the basis of reasonable assumptions, it is shown that the state and local fiscs bring about, on the average a net redistribution of a mere two percent of income from families with annual incomes of $12,000 and above to those below that level.

scholarly journals Policy Forum: Implementing the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation Property Tax System—Opportunities, Challenges, and Lessons Learned

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-872
Author(s):  
Kate McCue ◽  
Bill McCue
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Fiscal Management ◽  
Local Services ◽  
Policy Forum ◽  
Do So

In 2018, the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation (GIFN) implemented a First Nation property tax system under the First Nations Fiscal Management Act (FMA)—one of the earliest First Nations in Ontario to do so. Implementation of a property tax system gave GIFN an opportunity to improve funding for and expand local services, and provide a more equitable sharing of local service costs between cottagers leasing First Nation land and the First Nation. Key challenges encountered when implementing the property tax system were building consensus around the need for a tax system, building an appropriate administrative infrastructure, carrying out property assessments, and professionals lacking knowledge of First Nation property tax. These challenges, however, presented opportunities to create a knowledge base around property taxation within GIFN, among cottage leaseholders, and in the wider community. Key lessons learned were (1) start as soon as possible; (2) First Nations Tax Commission support and standards are important; (3) staff training is important; (4) communicate early and often; (5) hold open houses; (6) local services are more than garbage collection; (7) property taxes do not harm lease rates or cottage sales; (8) educate lawyers, real estate agents, and other professionals; (9) startup costs were significant; (10) coordinate laws and standards with provincial variations; (11) modernize systems; and (12) utilize other parts of the FMA.

scholarly journals PAJAK BERGANDA SECARA EKONOMIS ATAS PENGHASILAN DIVIDEN DI INDONESIA DAN ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIANNYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Primandita Fitriandi
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policies ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Double Taxation ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Stock Investment ◽  
Corporate Level

The taxation on income from dividend causes economic double taxation. This happens when profits at the corporate level are taxed and when distributed in the form of dividends to shareholders taxed again. Indonesia still uses a classiccal tax system that allows this double taxation phenomenon. This research was conducted qualitatively with a case study approach to obtain alternative tax policies on income from dividends. The results demonstrated that several countries have left this system and switched to the dividend exemption tax system or a reduction in tariffs. Therefore, these alternatives can be applied in Indonesia to support a better stock investment climate.Pengenaan pajak pada penghasilan dari dividen menimbulkan pajak berganda secara ekonomis. Hal ini terjadi ketika laba di level perseroan dikenakan pajak dan ketika dibagikan dalam bentuk dividen kepada pemegang saham dikenakan pajak lagi. Indonesia masih menggunakan sistem klasik yang memungkinkan terjadinya fenomena pajak berganda ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus untuk mendapatkan alternatif kebijakan pajak atas penghasilan dari dividen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian negara sudah meninggalkan sistem ini dan beralih ke sistem pengecualian dividen sebagai objek pajak atau penurunan tarif. Oleh karena itu, alternatif tersebut bisa diterapkan di Indonesia untuk mendukung iklim investasi saham yang lebih baik.

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