Reconstruction of depositional environments in time, organic matter enrichment and thermal maturity of the lower Palaeozoic mudstones in the Lithuanian part of the Baltic Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anna Katarzyna Cichon-Pupienis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
The Baltic

Lower Palaeozoic petroleum systems of the Baltic Basin in northern Poland: A 3D basin modeling study of selected areas (onshore and offshore)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. SH117-SH132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sowiżdżał ◽  
Tomasz Słoczyński ◽  
Marek Stadtműller ◽  
Weronika Kaczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Petroleum System ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Shale Formations ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
Organic Matter Transformation ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Shale Rock ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
The Baltic

We have developed a Lower Palaeozoic petroleum systems analysis in the selected zones of the Polish section of the Baltic Basin (onshore and offshore), which we carried out to assess the potential of shale rock formations as unconventional reservoirs. The areas of the Baltic Basin, which we analyzed represent a diversity of shale formations burial depths and thus different advancement of sediments compaction and organic matter transformation. Methods of dynamic petroleum systems modeling were applied with a 3D modeling workflow (PetroMod suite software). We considered an extensive array of data, including results of geochemical and petrophysical laboratory measurements, geophysical borehole data and, in selected locations — 3D seismic data. Five potentially perspective shale rock intervals (Silurian [2], Ordovician [2], and Upper Cambrian [1]) are identified and interpreted in terms of their geochemical and petrophysical properties. We calibrated the petroleum system models in terms of proper reproduction of diagenetic processes (pore pressure and porosity), thermal conditions (vitrinite reflectance, temperature), and kerogen kinetic model (organic matter transformation ratio, types of hydrocarbons generated). The results of the petroleum system simulations reveal that for the predominant part of the analyzed area, the achieved level of kerogen thermal maturity determines the generation of liquid hydrocarbons, which results in the present-day saturation of shale formations mainly with crude oil. We concluded that the highest generation yields as well as present-day hydrocarbons in place are observed for Ordovician Sasino Formation (onshore and offshore), Silurian/Llandovery Jantar member (onshore), and Upper Cambrian (alum shales) formation. Furthermore, a significant variation in the mass/volumes of accumulated hydrocarbons is observed within each of the shale formations being considered.

Liquid hydrocarbon characterization of the lacustrine Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China: Organic-matter source variation and thermal maturity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. SF225-SF242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Sun ◽  
Quansheng Liang ◽  
Chengfu Jiang ◽  
Daniel Enriquez ◽  
Tongwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Yanchang Formation

Source-rock samples from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin of China were geochemically characterized to determine variations in depositional environments, organic-matter (OM) source, and thermal maturity. Total organic carbon (TOC) content varies from 4 wt% to 10 wt% in the Chang 7, Chang 8, and Chang 9 members — the three OM-rich shale intervals. The Chang 7 has the highest TOC and hydrogen index values, and it is considered the best source rock in the formation. Geochemical evidence indicates that the main sources of OM in the Yanchang Formation are freshwater lacustrine phytoplanktons, aquatic macrophytes, aquatic organisms, and land plants deposited under a weakly reducing to suboxic depositional environment. The elevated [Formula: see text] sterane concentration and depleted [Formula: see text] values of OM in the middle of the Chang 7 may indicate the presence of freshwater cyanobacteria blooms that corresponds to a period of maximum lake expansion. The OM deposited in deeper parts of the lake is dominated by oil-prone type I or type II kerogen or a mixture of both. The OM deposited in shallower settings is characterized by increased terrestrial input with a mixture of types II and III kerogen. These source rocks are in the oil window, with maturity increasing with burial depth. The measured solid-bitumen reflectance and calculated vitrinite reflectance from the temperature at maximum release of hydrocarbons occurs during Rock-Eval pyrolysis ([Formula: see text]) and the methylphenanthrene index (MPI-1) chemical maturity parameters range from 0.8 to [Formula: see text]. Because the thermal labilities of OM are associated with the kerogen type, the required thermal stress for oil generation from types I and II mixed kerogen has a higher and narrower range of temperature for hydrocarbon generation than that of OM dominated by type II kerogen or types II and III mixed kerogen deposited in the prodelta and delta front.

K-Ar dating of the Lower Palaeozoic K-bentonites from the Baltic Basin and the Baltic Shield: implications for the role of temperature and time in the illitization of smectite

Clay Minerals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Środoń ◽  
N. Clauer ◽  
W. Huff ◽  
T. Dudek ◽  
M. Banaś
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Shield ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
Fission Track Ages ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractMixed-layer illite-smectite samples from the Ordovician and Silurian K-bentonites of the Baltic Basin and the Baltic Shield (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Poland and Estonia) were dated by K-Ar on several grain fractions and were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), both on oriented and random preparations, in order to reveal the conditions of smectite illitization in the area. Authigenic K-feldspar was also dated. The geographic pattern of the degree of illitization (% smectite in illite-smectite measured by XRD) is consistent with other indicators of palaeotemperatures (acritarchs, conodont alteration index, vitrinite reflectance, apatite fission track ages). It reveals the highest maximum palaeotemperatures (up to at least 200ºC) along the Norwegian and the German-Polish branches of the Caledonides and the lowest palaeotemperatures (120ºC) in the central part of the studied area. The distribution of K-Ar ages is not well correlated with this pattern, revealing a zone of older ages (Lower Devonian-Lower Carboniferous) between Denmark and Estonia, and areas of younger ages (Upper Devonian to Carboniferous/Permian boundary) to the north and south of this zone. The zone of older ages is interpreted as the result of illitization induced by a thermal event in front of the Caledonian orogenic belt (migration of hot metamorphic fluids?). The areas of younger ages are considered as representing deep burial illitization under a thick Silurian-Carboniferous sedimentary cover, perhaps augmented by a tectonic load. The K-Ar dates invalidate the hypothesis of a long-lasting low-temperature illitization as the mechanism of formation of the Estonian Palaeozoic illite-smectite. The ammonium content of illite-smectite from the Baltic K-bentonites reflects the proximity of organic-rich source rocks that underwent thermal alteration at the time of illite crystallization.

scholarly journals Source Rock Characterization of Silurian Tanezzuft and Devonian Awaynat Wanin Formations the Northern Edge of the Murzuq Basin, South West Libya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Aboglila S
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Rock Characterization ◽  
Tanezzuft Formation

Drill cutting samples (n = 92) from the Devonian Awaynat Wanin Formation and Silurian Tanezzuft Formation, sampled from three wells F1, G1 and H1, locate in the northern edge of the Murzuq basin (approximately 700 kilometers south of Tripoli). The studied samples were analyzed in the objective of their organic geochemical assessment such as the type of organic matter, depositional conditions and thermal maturity level. A bulk geochemical parameters and precise biomarkers were estimated, using chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal a diversity of their geochemical characterizations. The rock formations are having varied organic matter contents, ranged from fair to excellent. The total organic carbon (TOC) reached about 9.1 wt%, ranging from 0.6 to 2.93 wt% (Awaynat Wanin), 0.5 to 2.54 wt% (Tanezzuft) and 0.52 to 9.1 wt% (Hot Shale). The cutting samples are ranged oil-prone organic matter (OM) of hydrogen index (HI) ranged between 98 –396 mg HC/g TOC, related kerogen types are type II and II/III, with oxygen index (OI): 6 - 190 with one sample have value of 366 mg CO2/g. Thermal maturity of these source rocks is different, ranging from immature to mature and oil window in the most of Tanezzuft Formation and Hot Shale samples, as reflected from the production index data (PI: 0.08 - 034). Tmax and vitrinite reflectance Ro% data (Tmax: 435 – 454 & Ro%: 0.46 - 1.38) for the Awaynat Wanin. Biomarker ratios of specific hydrocarbons extracted from represented samples (n = 9), were moreover used to study thermal maturity level and depositional environments. Pristine/Phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios of 1.65 - 2.23 indicated anoxic to suboxic conditions of depositional marine shale and lacustrine source rock.

scholarly journals Distribution of Steranes and Triterpanes Biomarkersas Indication of Depositional Environment and Maturity of Sargelu and Kurrachine Formations in Different Wells Northern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1C) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Arwa Al-Dolaimy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Marine Carbonate ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Normal Salinity

Eight cuttings samples were obtained from Sargelu and Kurrachine formations in different wells at different depths to detect steranes and triterpanes biomarkers as an indicator of the depositional environments and thermal maturity of organic matter. This was accomplished using GC-MS technology. The diasterane/sterane ratio showed low ratios in analyzed samples (BJS2, JKS3, BJK1, JKK4, JKK7) as in most marine carbonate sources, while algal-bacterial organic matter contribution for the samples analyzed based on the predominance of C23 tricyclic relative to the C19 tricyclic terpene and the C23 tricyclic greater than C24 tricyclic terpane. The Gammacerane index indicated that normal salinity conditions during depositions. The biomarkers related to maturation such as diasterane/sterane, Ts/(Ts+Tm), and C29Ts/C29 hopane show that the organic matter in Ain Zalah well (Sargelu Formation) is within early mature (oil window).

Multiproxy sedimentary organic matter analysis of the upper Wolfcamp Formation in the Collier-1201 well, southeastern Delaware Basin, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. SK45-SK52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin MacRitchie ◽  
Mohamed K. Zobaa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Sedimentary Organic Matter ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Delaware Basin ◽  
Organic Facies

Horizontal drilling and multistage fracturing designs have recently made the Wolfcamp shale horizons a highly sought-after and low-cost oil opportunity at a time of market volatility. One current challenge is that the Wolfcamp shale horizons are unpredictable, especially in acreages with limited well control and seismic data. Sedimentary organic matter (palynofacies) analysis can delineate thermal maturity windows, determine kerogen types, and reflect depositional environments to aid in realizing hydrocarbon potential. We palynologically processed 16 samples at roughly 3 m intervals from the upper Wolfcamp section of the Collier-1201 well in Reeves County, Texas. We examined the prepared microscope slides in transmitted light to quantify (point count) and describe the organic facies in each sample. Additionally, we integrated organic geochemical data to corroborate palynofacies analysis. We classified most of the observed organic matter particles as highly degraded phytoclasts with unidentifiable terrestrial palynomorphs. The palynofacies and organic geochemical data indicate a mixed type-II/III kerogen (oil- and gas-prone materials) characterized by substantial terrigenous input. All samples displayed a high degree of thermal maturity from immense overburden as the Delaware Basin subsided and the overlying beds compacted. The lithologic and organic facies of the studied interval reflect fluctuating proximal marine conditions.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of neoprotherosoic organic matter in the southeast of the Siberian platform

Georesursy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Irina D. Timoshina ◽  
Lyudmila N. Boldushevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Siberian Platform ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Maturity Level

In the Neoproterozoic of the Aldan-Maya depression, the rocks of the Malgin (MF), Tsipanda (TF) and Kumakha (KF) Formations are enriched in organic matter (OM) and can be classified as source rocks. High generation potential is typical for the MF and TF (267–511 mg HC/g TOC). The thermal maturity level of OM corresponds to MC12 grade (Tmax is 438–443ºC). Based on the biomarker distribution, the biological precursors of OM in these formations are mostly prokaryotes, including cyanobacteria (hopanes, acyclic biomarkers) and to a lesser extent eukaryotes (the presence of steranes С27-C30) that lived in the Precambrian (the presence of 12- and 13-monomethylalkanes) marine (absence of continental biomarkers, the distributions of acyclic alkanes and steranes) basin with clayey sedimentation (high content of diasteranes). The absence of steranes in some samples (the absence of eukaryotes in the source OM), the MF is likely to have been partly deposited before the emergence of eukaryotes. Most samples have elevated concentrations of low-molecular tricyclanes (2C19-20/C23-26>1), which can be attributed to the specificity of the source biota, although it is not typical for marine OM. A rare homologous series of 2,7-dimethylalkanes that has been recently found by other researchers in some Precambrian strata is present in several samples of the MF and KF and totally absent from all samples of the TF. This may indicate the differences in its biota, depositional environments or its evolution during diagenesis and catagenesis. A distinctive feature of the TF is the high content of ethylcholestanes (C29/C27=2.5).

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