scholarly journals Encyclopedic Information in Bilingual Dictionaries: Field of Geography

Verbum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Aušra Valančiauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Bilingual Dictionary ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Knowledge Presentation ◽  
Dictionary Structure ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Descriptive Method

When preparing a dictionary it is impossible to ignore outside world or so called encyclopedic knowledge. In megastructure level of a bilingual dictionary, various appendices are often addede.g. toponyms, anthroponyms, and ethnonyms. Arranged before or after the corpus, these appendices are most commonly used for grammatical descriptions as well as toponyms (hydronyms and oikonims) and lists of commonly used abbreviations. At the macrostructure and microstructure level, the presentation of encyclopedic knowledge is even more evident: the nomenclature of the modern linguistic monolingual or bilingual dictionary includes a number of lexis related to a particular cognitive domain (ethnography, history, mythology, geography, economics, etc.); therefore, a lot of different encyclopedic information is provided in order to explain it. Recently, many European lexicographers have been discussing the need to avoid any appendices to the vocabulary and to instead incorporate the information contained into the text of lexicographic publication wherever possible. Researchers base this view on the fact that each additional source of information in the dictionary requires further time and energy from the user looking for the lexical unit they want. The user may also be unfamiliar or insufficiently familiar with the dictionary structure and simply be unaware that additional information can be found elsewhere rather than in the dictionary text itself. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine, based on the analytical and descriptive method, four dictionaries published in Lithuania (The Great Lithuanian-English Dictionary (2006), Lithuanian-Russian Dictionary (2015), The Great Lithuanian-French Dictionary (2012) and Lithuanian-Norwegian Dictionary (2001))in terms of geographical knowledge presentation: evaluate the presentation of this knowledge at megastructure, macrostructure and microstructure levels.

Kulturell geprägte Wörter zwischen sprachlicher Äquivalenz und kultureller Kompetenz. Am Beispiel deutsch-italienischer Wörterbücher

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-204
Author(s):  
Martina Nied Curcio
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Bilingual Dictionary ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Linguistic Level

AbstractMisunderstandings between speakers of different languages occur not only on a linguistic level but also on a cultural one. Consultation of a bilingual dictionary does not necessarily help in this case, as information on the cultural level is often missing. In this paper we will discuss how bilingual dictionaries can draw attention to cultural divergences so that the dictionary user acquires cultural knowledge and is able to build an intercultural competence. Examples from four bilingual dictionaries (German-Italian) are given to illustrate how culture-bound words are represented. For this purpose, a classification of culture-bound words is offered. Finally, the prerequisites and possibilities of an appropriate representation of culture-bound items in bilingual dictionaries will be proposed.

scholarly journals MENUMBUHKAN MINAT BACA MASYARAKAT MELALUI TAMAN BACAAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Asep Saepudin ◽  
Bunga Nisa Mentari
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Library Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Community Library

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the community reading inter- est at Community Library, the implementation of the Community Library program based on information technology, and the third, the impact of Community Library program based on information technology to increase the community interest in the Community Library. The method used is descriptive method with qualitative ap- proach. subjects numbered  ve persons consisting of one manager, three participants, and one facilitator of Community Library. The results of this study is: (1) the community interest in reading at Community Library arising from internal factors and external fac- tors. however, that has more in uence that external factor because people tend to be always invited, persuaded, and given encourage- ment from others; second implementation of the Community Library based information technology is done through of the following stag- es: organizing, mobilizing, and coaching; thrid impact of Commu- nity Library based technology infornmation views of the cognitive domain, it is known that the citizens involved in the Community Library program has subsequently internalized the new knowledge, and applied in everyday. in the a ective domain, citizens have a pos- itive a itude towards the movement of at least ten minutes reading through the “games” in Community Library. In conclusion, Com- munity Library has increased the ability to read community that are useful in performing activities of daily living. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk me-nganalisis minat baca masyarakat di wilayah Taman Bacaan Masyarakat Sukamulya Cerdas, pelaksanaan kegiatan Taman Bacaan Masyarakat ber- basis Information Technology, dan dampak pe-ngelolaan Taman Bacaan Masyarakat (TBM) berbasis IT terhadap peningkatan minat baca masyarakat di wilayah TBM Sukmulya Cerdas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subyek penelitian berjumlah lima orang terdiri dari satu orang pengelola, tiga orang peserta kegiatan, dan satu orang fasilitator TBM Sukamulya Cerdas. Hasil penelitian adalah bahwa minat baca masyarakat sekitar TBM timbul dari faktor internal dan faktor eksternal (faktor eksternal lebih berpengaruh karena masyarakat cenderung harus selalu diajak, dibujuk, serta diberikan dorongan dari orang lain), pelaksanaan kegiatan TBM berbasis teknologi in- formasi dilakukan melalui tahapan pengorganisasian, peng- gerakkan, dan pembinaan, dampak kegiatan TBM berbasis teknologi informasi dari ranah kognitif (masyarakat memi- liki pengetahuan baru yang selanjutnya diinternalisasi dan diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari), dan ranah afektif (warga masyarakat memiliki sikap positif terhadap gerakan membaca buku minimal sepuluh menit melalui “games” di TBM). Simpulan penelitian adalah bahwa TBM telah menin- gkatkan kemampuan membaca masyarakat yang bermanfaat dalam menjalankan aktivitas hidup sehari-hari.

PROBLEMS OF LEXICAL EQUIVALENTING OF RUSSIAN PARTICLES IN A BILINGUAL DICTIONARY

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Larisa Alimpieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Bilingual Dictionary ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Bilingual Lexicography

In the process of communicative act Russian particles concurrently fulfil different functions. It makes Russian particles an important unit of functional-pragmatic sphere of the Russian language which is characterized by its national specifics and connotativity. The problem of codification of Russian particles in bilingual lexicography is complicated. The main problem at compiling a dictionary lemma is filiation (division of meanings) of Russian particles and their rendering by lexical means of a foreign language. The existing lexicographic descriptions of Russian particles in bilingual dictionaries irrelevantly reflect the structure and contents of their meanings. The aim of the article is to consider some theoretical problems of description of Russian particles by means of a second (target) language in dictionary lemmas of bilingual dictionaries.

Alternative methods for selecting web survey samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Revilla ◽  
Carlos Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
External Source ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Passive Data ◽  
Online Panels ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Survey Evaluation ◽  
Source Of Information

Probability-based sampling is the gold standard for general population surveys. However, when interested in more specific populations (e.g., consumers of a particular brand), a lot of research uses data from non-probability-based online panels. This article investigates different ways to select a sample in an opt-in panel: without previous information, using profiling information, or using passive data from a tracker installed on the panelists’ devices. Moreover, it investigates the effect of sending the survey closer to the “moment-of-truth,” which is expected to reduce memory limitations in recall questions. Using additional information (profiling or passive) to select the sample leads to clear improvements in terms of levels of participation and fieldwork efficiency, but not in terms of data quality (measured by the proportion of don’t know answers and the length of answers to open narrative questions) or accuracy (measured by comparing the answers to 14 questions to an external source of information). Doing the survey closer to the “moment-of-truth” further improves the fieldwork efficiency; however, there are still many challenges to implement true “in-the-moment” surveys. We also observed differences across the different samples in respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics and in the survey evaluation.

Tweetalig Woordenboek En Taalonderwijs Op Tertiair Niveau

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Tine Greidanus
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Bilingual Dictionary ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Syntactic Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
University Level

All lexicographers agree that dictionaries should be designed with a view to a special group of users and their specific needs. The article deals with the question what requirements should be met by a bilingual dictionary made for learners of a language at university level. It reviews first the literature on the subject of the foreign student's use of monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. The general conclusion with regard to the reference skills of students is rather pessimistic. Existing bilingual dictionaries are made for users with a good knowledge of the foreign language, but are not explicit enough for learners. A bilingual learner's dictionary should take account of this. The following aspects are discussed: the macrostructure and the microstructure of such a dictionary, meaning discrimination, and the syntactic information that should be provided. Some concrete examples of dictionary entries illustrating the principles sketched are provided.

scholarly journals Using ParaConc to extract bilingual terminology from parallel corpora: A case of English and Ndebele

Literator ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketiwe Ndhlovu
Keyword(s):  
Media Law ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Bilingual Dictionary ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Frequency Feature

The development of African languages into languages of science and technology is dependent on action being taken to promote the use of these languages in specialised fields such as technology, commerce, administration, media, law, science and education among others. One possible way of developing African languages is the compilation of specialised dictionaries (Chabata 2013). This article explores how parallel corpora can be interrogated using a bilingual concordancer (ParaConc) to extract bilingual terminology that can be used to create specialised bilingual dictionaries. An English–Ndebele Parallel Corpus was used as a resource and through ParaConc, an alphabetic list was compiled from which headwords and possible translations were sought. These translations provided possible terms for entry in a bilingual dictionary. The frequency feature and ‘hot words’ tool in ParaConc were used to determine the suitability of terms for inclusion in the dictionary and for identifying possible synonyms, respectively. Since parallel corpora are aligned and data are presented in context (Key Word in Context), it was possible to draw examples showing how headwords are used. Using this approach produced results quickly and accurately, whilst minimising the process of translating terms manually. It was noted that the quality of the dictionary is dependent on the quality of the corpus, hence the need for creating a representative and clean corpus needs to be emphasised. Although technology has multiple benefits in dictionary making, the research underscores the importance of collaboration between lexicographers, translators, subject experts and target communities so that representative dictionaries are created.

scholarly journals Examples in Igbo-English Dictionaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-198
Author(s):  
Mbanefo Chukwuogor
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Authentic Material ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Bilingual Dictionary ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Information Amount

A bilingual dictionary example is a verbal or non-verbal phrase or a grammatically complete sentence that includes the lemma and is translated from the source language to the target language or vice versa (Toope 1996). The use of examples in bilingual dictionaries has been an issue of discussion for many lexicographers like Al Kasimi (1977), Zofgen (1991), Jacobsen et al (1991), and Nielsen (2014) among others. This issue includes questions like ‘What is an effective example?’, ‘Should examples be based on authentic material or should they be written (invented) by the lexicographer? This paper reviews metalexicographic literature on examples in bilingual dictionaries while focusing on two Igbo-English dictionaries with a view to finding out if certain considerations were taken into account in the use of examples. Consequently, it is observed that factors such as availability of space, dictionary type as well as idiosyncratic information, amount of information to be given and the need for generalization all influence the use of examples in both dictionaries thereby leading the researcher to conclude that the use of examples in Igbo-English dictionaries does not deviate but aligns with the norms reviewed in the literature. Keywords: Bilingual Dictionary, Metalexicography, Lemma, Examples

scholarly journals MERETAS KEBUNTUAN LITERASI AKSARA JAWA DENGAN MNEMONICS DEVICES

LOKABASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Alfiah Alfiah
Keyword(s):  
Memory Systems ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Special Strategy ◽  
The Way

 Lupa menjadi salah satu permasalahan serius yang dihadapi oleh siswa dalam mencapai keberhasilan pembelajaran.  Cara penyampaian materi oleh guru yang secara verbal cenderung mudah terlupakan, kecuali bila dalam pemaparan materi tersebut lebih bersifat kontekstual. Tujuan penelitian ini mengarah pada ranah kognitif kemampuan yang harus dikuasai oleh siswa dalam rangka memahami konsep materi yang dipelajari. Pembelajaran aksara Jawa merupakan salah satu materi pembelaran yang dianggap sulit oleh peserta didik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bentuk aksara Jawa yang cukup unik menyebabkan siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajarinya, khususnya menghafalkan bentuk-bentuknya. Dalam aksara Jawa terdapat 20 aksara carakan dan pasangannya, sandangan, aksara murda, aksara rekan, tanda baca, dan angka Jawa. Dengan berbagai bentuk aksara Jawa tersebut menuntut adanya strategi khusus agar mudah dalam mempelajarinya. Mnemonics Devices adalah alternatif strategi yang ditawarkan. Dengan muslihat nya strategi tersebut dapat membantu ingatan.  Strategi tersebut adalah kiat khusus yang dijadikan “alat pengait” mental untuk memasukkan informasi ke dalam sistem ingatan siswa.EXPLORING LITERATION BLOCK OF JAVANESE SCRIPT BY USING MNEMONICS DEVICES AbstractForgetfulness is one of the serious problems faced by students in achieving the success of learning. The way of delivering material by teachers verbally tends to be easily forgotten, unless the material exsposed is more contextual. The purpose of this study leads to the ability of cognitive domain that must be mastered by students in order to understand the concept of the material being studied. The learning of Javanese script is one of learning material that is considered difficult by the learners. The method used in this study is descriptive method. The results of this study showed that the unique form of Javanese script may cause students have difficulty in learning it, especially memorizing its forms. In the Javanese script there are 20 carakan script and its pair, sandangan, murda script, rekan script, punctuation, and Javanese numerals. The various forms of Javanese script require a special strategy to ease learning it. Mnemonics Devices is an alternative strategy offered. The tricks of this strategy can help memory. These strategies are special tips that serve as mental "hooks" to incorporate information into student memory systems.

scholarly journals Pragmatičke informacije u dvojezičnim rečnicima za jezički par nemački i srpski (ili hrvatski)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-180
Author(s):  
Jovana Stojanović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Target Group ◽  
German Language ◽  
Bilingual Dictionary ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Pragmatic Information ◽  
Communicative Effect ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Average User ◽  
Selection Of

Summary: This paper examines pragmatic information in the more extensive general German–Serbian (or Croatian), and Serbian (or Croatian)–German dictionaries: Osnovni rečnik nemačko-srpski i srpsko-nemački sa nemačkom i srpskom gramatikom (Đukanović et al. 2006); PONS. Univerzalni nemačko-srpski rečnik (Nikolić et al. 2010); NSSN. Nemačko- srpski i srpsko-nemački rečnik sa gramatikom (Vladović et al. 2008) and Njemačko-hrvatski univerzalni rječnik (Hansen-Kokoruš et al. 2005). Under pragmatic features of lexemes that should be marked in dictionaries, the author includes the following categories: 1) diachron- ic; 2) diatopic; 3) dia-integrative; 4) diamedial, 5) diastratic; 6) diaphasic, 7) diatextual, 8) diatechnical, 9) diafrequent, 10) diaevaluative, and 11) dianormative. The analysis points to the following: lexemes and their quoted equivalents often bear the same meaning at the lexical level, while not at the pragmatic – their use does not result in the same communicative effect with a collocutor. Poor lexicographic processing and lack of pragmatic information are distinctively visible in cases when some lexeme in the German language is marked in a diastratic and diaphasic manner. It is not only the indicators that are applied inconsistently, but other categories of information within the dictionary article do not show the marked lexemes to the user (except in the dictionary Njemačko-hrvatski univerzalni rječnik). Furthermore, culture-specific lexemes and culture-conditioned differ- ences in the use of lexical units are marginally treated in the analysed bilingual dictionaries. Although the selection of language tools depends on the context and perspective of the speaker, a good-quality general bilingual dictionary should pay more attention to informing users about the pragmatic aspects of lexemes and their typical use in accordance with the purpose of such a dictionary and target group. The key moment is that the general bilingual dictionary is directed only toward native speakers of some language – in this case the speakers of the Serbian language (or Croatian) with L2 in the German language, in order to make the information in the dictionary relevant to the target group. Additionally, the author suggests the implementation of other lexicographic means, such as examples, paraphrases, collocations, encyclopedic information, and open pragmatic comments that are transparent for the average user of the general bilingual dictionary.

scholarly journals Educational behaviors of pregnant women in the Bronx during Zika’s International emerging epidemic: “First mom … and then I’d Google. And then my doctor”

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Rodriguez ◽  
Antoinette A. Danvers ◽  
Carolina Sanabia ◽  
Siobhan M. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Initial Source ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Background The objective of the study was to understand how pregnant women learned about Zika infection and to identify what sources of information were likely to influence them during their pregnancy. Methods We conducted 13 semi-structed interviews in English and Spanish with women receiving prenatal care who were tested for Zika virus infection. We analyzed the qualitative data using descriptive approach. Results Pregnant women in the Bronx learned about Zika from family, television, the internet and their doctor. Informational sources played different roles. Television, specifically Spanish language networks, was often the initial source of information. Women searched the internet for additional information about Zika. Later, they engaged in further discussions with their healthcare providers. Conclusions Television played an important role in providing awareness about Zika to pregnant women in the Bronx, but that information was incomplete. The internet and healthcare providers were sources of more complete information and are likely the most influential. Efforts to educate pregnant women about emerging infectious diseases will benefit from using a variety of approaches including television messages that promote public awareness followed up by reliable information via the internet and healthcare providers.

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