URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF THE LARGE INDUSTRIAL CENTER (SVERDLOVSK) IN THE PHOTO DOCUMENTS OF THE SOVIET PERIOD

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Industrial Center

scholarly journals Changes of approach to urban context in international guidelines and experiences in Lithuanian urban environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egle Navickiene ◽  
Edita Riaubiene
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
World War ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Wide Range

The focus of the research is the concept of context, guidelines for the approach to it, and the ways by which it was regarded in the development of urban environment. The paper defines how these approaches and practices changed during the last century. During the last century, an especially dynamic and turbulent one, Lithuanian state experienced divergent and controversial periods: independence (1918-1940), World War II (1939–1945), Soviet period (1944–1990) and independence restored (1990-present). The paper discusses the Western attitudes and the evolution of approach towards context while dealing with urban environment, and peculiarities of Lithuanian practice in conformity with these attitudes during last century. The theoretic investigation is grounded by the documents formulated and declared by international organisations like CIAM, UNESCO, ICOMOS and others, as accumulations of pioneering thought. Particularly, their statements that consider the surrounding context as basis, principle, or inspiration for the creating, transforming or reconstructing the urban environment are analysed. The term context is used as a generalising term, an umbrella one, which covers several terms used in the documents or literature to define closer or wider urban environment while dealing with it. The paper focuses mostly on historical urban situations, and wide range of activities in changing the environment from architect or landscape architect’s professional point of view. The theoretic analysis is followed by the critical review of certain experiences in Lithuanian practice at that time, in characteristic redevelopment of spaces in the main cities (state capitals). The identified evolution reveals the expansion of the concept of urban context and growing regard for it both in theory and in practice. The evolution of contextual approach in Lithuanian practice follows the guidelines stated in documents of international organisations in spite of its political situation, but the research discloses its certain peculiarities.

FORMATION OF ELEMENTS OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT BY MEANS OF MONUMENTAL ART, ARCHITECTURAL AND ARTISTIC SOLUTIONS AND DESIGN TOOLS (Novosibirsk)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Goncharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Modern Period

The article discusses various approaches to the formation of the urban environment by means of monumental art, architectural and artistic solutions, and design tools. The author conducts a comparative analysis of works created in the Soviet period and in the modern period in Novosibirsk

scholarly journals The Legacy of soviet Urbanism as a Factor Determining the Modern Digitalisation of the Urban Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
A. A. Troshin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Science ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Architectural Modernism ◽  
The City

In this article, the author concludes that recent projects of digitalisation of the urban environment have initially been projects of the fundamental science of modernity, i. e. predominantly 1970s. In modern urban practise in Russia, their implementation is mainly superimposed on the structure of the city, formed at the same time, but already perceived as the past. Bridging this gap is in understanding what exactly the architectural modernism of the late Soviet period left us. As the initial stage of this, necessary for the classification of artefacts, the author proposes a reasoned periodisation of Soviet urbanism in the second half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL MEMORY AND ETHNICITY IN THE URBAN ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT AS A FACTOR OF SOCIAL IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN THE CAPITALS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REPUBLICS ON THE EXAMPLE OF IZHEVSK AND SARANSK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Bogatova ◽  
E.N. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Verbal Language

The article analyzes the social practices of memorization and ethnicization in the process of post-Soviet transformation of the architectural landscape of the capitals of the Finno-Ugric republics, by the republican elites with the aim of constructing a stable regional identity of the capital’s population on the example of the Republic of Mordovia and the Udmurt Republic. The purpose of the study is to identify the basic social technologies for using the cultural and symbolic aspects of the urban architectural environment, including the historical and cultural heritage, and the newly created elements for the purpose of “memorial management” and to give ethnic flavor, the trends in their evolution and the main results of using such technologies in the post-Soviet period. Based on the data of standardized observation, the intensity of the concentration of ethnicization of the urban architectural environment is compared, the main places of concentration of signs of ethnicity and historical memory in the urban space of Izhevsk and Saransk, common features, strategic features, results and limitations in the research perspective of sociological concepts of identity politics, historical politics, city sociology, public spaces, “places” and “non-places” are identified. The main verbal (language of signs, slogans), monumental (sculpture, commemorative signs, architectural decoration of buildings, stairs, fountains, etc.), visual (social advertising, ethnic symbols in illuminations, holiday decoration of buildings) means of ethnicization of urban environment design are described, as well as architectural images that indicate alternative ethnic strategies for the formation of the capital’s identity. The general trends and problems associated with the redevelopment of the urban environment and the transformation of “arrogant” Soviet public spaces into places of recreation and communication are revealed. Among the limitations of the effectiveness of the historical policy and the policy of ethnicization of urban spaces, the author considers the conscious implementation of alternative strategies for the formation of urban identity by various social actors, the binding of iconic architectural objects to “empty” pseudo-public spaces or sports facilities that are not “anchor” objects, the creation of symbolic transit spaces in the status of “non-places”, the visual ethnic specificity of which is not available to those who use them.

Sanitary condition and improvement of the city of Cherepovets in the 1920s

2020 ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Anton S. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
City Community ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

We pay attention to the relevant and poorly studied topic of sanitary condition and improvement problems of the small Russian city in the first decade of Soviet regime. The aim of the study is to identify the changes that have occurred in the sanitary condition of the provincial city under the influence of modernization processes. In this case, the sanitary condition is considered as a set of indicators characterizing technologies and practices of water supply and waste disposal, condition and pollution of city streets, squares, yards and reservoirs. The analysis of the sanitary state and the degree of well-being of the dynamically developing governorate city with a population of just over 18 thousand people allowed filling the gap of the urban environment daily history of the early Soviet period and identifying the key factors of exacerbation of sanitary problems. As a result, it was found that Cherepovets, as well as more large Soviet cities were characterized by pollution problems of the urban area and water basins, which had a significant impact on the sanitary situation. The deterioration of housing conditions and reduced material well-being compared to the previous period also had a negative impact on the sanitary situation in the city. We should note the efforts of the city authorities and a number of representatives of the city community aimed at health education of the population and addressing issues related to the urban environment improvement.

scholarly journals THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AGRICULTURAL MAPLE (ACER PLATANOIDES L.) IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
P. A. Kuzmin ◽  
◽  
I. L. Bukharina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
Industrial Center

The results of studies of the characteristics of the biochemical composition of acutifolia in the conditions of a large industrial center of Naberezhnye Chelny (Republic of Tatarstan) are presented. Under condi-tions of intense technogenic load, the maple has a higher ascorbate oxidase activity at the initial stages of active vegetation and lower at the end of the vegetation. The content of ascorbic acid decreases during the growing season in man-made stands. Under conditions of a high content of pollutants in the air, acutifolia maple was distinguished by an increase in the activity of polyphenol oxidase as compared to control plantings. An increase in the activity of polyphenol oxidase is accompanied by a decrease in the content of tannins. In maple acutifolia, under the conditions of the most intense load of the main plantations, in July the peroxidase activity in the leaves is lower than in the ZAK plantations, and in August it is higher than in the control.

scholarly journals Visual Representation of Urban Environment: Microraioni of Riga in Soviet Cinematography

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Jānis Matvejs
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Soviet Cinema ◽  
Formal Techniques

Abstract The aim of this article is to interpret the discourse of residential areas of Riga through the films of the Soviet period and to examine essential changes in residential structure. Specific image of cinematic formal techniques is used in relation to the urban. The results of movie review are compared with changes in the residential development between 1945–1990. 124 movies display that residential areas are frequently portrayed in the Soviet cinema and they form an integral part of the Soviet urban perception.

scholarly journals The fate of works of monumental and decorative art of the soviet period: urgent issues of preservation and study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Марина Леонидовна Терехович
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Decorative Art ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Time

Монументальнодекоративное искусство советского периода исчезающий вид. Помимо эстетических критериев и политических пристрастий на него влияет законодательство. За постсоветские годы уничтожены работы знаменитых художников. Отношение к произведению в городской среде зачастую неподобающее. Формально уавторов по закону есть право на защиту произведения. В отношении монументального искусства оно ограничено. Работы 19601980х годов по энергетике и оригинальности могут поспорить со стритартом. К ним начали проявлять интерес. Важный аспект взащите наследия вопросы атрибуции. Изучение практики, несмотря на малый срок давности, требует больших усилий изза отсутствия институции, где было бы зафиксировано созданное произведение. В этом контексте неоценимы труды В.П.Толстого. Monumental and decorative art of the Soviet period is vanishing. In addition to aesthetic criteria and political preferences, legislation makes an impact. In the postSoviet years, works of famous artists were destroyed. The attitude to works in the urban environment is often inappropriate. Formally, by law the authors have the right to protect their works. As for monumental art, it is limited. In terms of energy and distinction, works of the 1960s1980s can compete with street art. People start taking interest in them. Issues of attribution are important in the heritage protection. The study of practice, despite the short time period that passed, requires great efforts due to the absence of an institution that could keep records ofthe created.

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