A method for joint methane vertical profile retrieval from atmospheric spectra in the thermal and near-infrared regions

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Near Infrared

scholarly journals Simulation and Verification of Vertical Heterogeneity Spectral Response of Winter Wheat Based on the mSCOPE Model

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4570
Author(s):  
Linsheng Huang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Guijun Yang ◽  
Dong Liang ◽  
Heli Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Vertical Heterogeneity

Vertical heterogeneity of the biochemical characteristics of crop canopy is important in diagnosing and monitoring nutrition, disease, and crop yield via remote sensing. However, the research on vertical isomerism was not comprehensive. Experiments were carried out from the two levels of simulation and verification to analyze the applicability of this recently development model. Effects of winter wheat on spectrum were studied when input different structure parameters (e.g., leaf area index (LAI)) and physicochemical parameters (e.g., chlorophyll content (Chla+b) and water content (Cw)) to the mSCOPE (Soil Canopy Observation, Photochemistry, and Energy fluxes) model. The maximum operating efficiency was 127.43, when the winter wheat was stratified into three layers. Meanwhile, the simulation results also proved that: the vertical profile of LAI had an influence on canopy reflectance in almost all bands; the vertical profile of Chla+b mainly affected the reflectivity of visible region; the vertical profile of Cw only affected the near-infrared reflectance. The verification results showed that the vegetation indexes (VIs) selected of different bands were strongly correlated with the parameters of the canopy. LAI, Chla+b and Cw affected VIs estimation related to LAI, Chla+b and Cw respectively. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the new-proposed NDVIgreen was the smallest, which was 0.05. Sensitivity analysis showed that the spectrum was more sensitive to changes in upper layer parameters, which verified the rationality of mSCOPE model in explaining the law that light penetration in vertical nonuniform canopy gradually decreases with the increase of layers.

Methane Vertical Profile Retrieval from the Thermal and Near-Infrared Atmospheric Spectra

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Zadvornykh ◽  
K. G. Gribanov ◽  
V. I. Zakharov ◽  
R. Imasu
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Near Infrared

scholarly journals Remote sensing of snow grain-size and impurities from Airborne Multispectral Scanner data using a snow bidirectional reflectance distribution function model

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Tanikawa ◽  
Teruo Aoki ◽  
Fumihiko Nishio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Snow Surface ◽  
Scanner Data ◽  
Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function ◽  
Bidirectional Reflectance ◽  
Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution

AbstractAlgorithms to retrieve the snow grain-size and the concentration of snow impurities were developed using a theoretical bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model of the snow surface. In this model, snow grains are assumed to be independent spherical ice particles, and the BRDF is calculated with multiple scattering by snow particles. Using these algorithms, the snow grain-size and snow impurities were retrieved from Airborne Multispectral Scanner (AMSS) images at the visible (λ = 0.545 μm) and near-infrared (λ =1.24,1.64 and 2.23 μm) wavelengths observed over the flat snowfield in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, in February 1998. The estimated snow grain-size and impurities were consistent with the results of in situ measurements on the snow surface. For snow grain-size, measured reflectances in the different near-infrared AMSS channels indicated grain-size differences in the vertical profile of the snowpack.

scholarly journals Comparing airborne and satellite retrievals of cloud optical thickness and particle effective radius using a spectral radiance ratio technique: two case studies for cirrus and deep convective clouds

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 4439-4462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trismono C. Krisna ◽  
Manfred Wendisch ◽  
André Ehrlich ◽  
Evelyn Jäkel ◽  
Frank Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Effective Radius ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Mean Absolute Deviation ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Deep Convective Clouds

Abstract. Solar radiation reflected by cirrus and deep convective clouds (DCCs) was measured by the Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation Measurement System (SMART) installed on the German High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) during the Mid-Latitude Cirrus (ML-CIRRUS) and the Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interaction and Dynamic of Convective Clouds System – Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil: A Contribution to Cloud Resolving Modelling and to the Global Precipitation Measurement (ACRIDICON-CHUVA) campaigns. On particular flights, HALO performed measurements closely collocated with overpasses of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Aqua satellite. A cirrus cloud located above liquid water clouds and a DCC topped by an anvil cirrus are analyzed in this paper. Based on the nadir spectral upward radiance measured above the two clouds, the optical thickness τ and particle effective radius reff of the cirrus and DCC are retrieved using a radiance ratio technique, which considers the cloud thermodynamic phase, the vertical profile of cloud microphysical properties, the presence of multilayer clouds, and the heterogeneity of the surface albedo. For the cirrus case, the comparison of τ and reff retrieved on the basis of SMART and MODIS measurements yields a normalized mean absolute deviation of up to 1.2 % for τ and 2.1 % for reff. For the DCC case, deviations of up to 3.6 % for τ and 6.2 % for reff are obtained. The larger deviations in the DCC case are mainly attributed to the fast cloud evolution and three-dimensional (3-D) radiative effects. Measurements of spectral upward radiance at near-infrared wavelengths are employed to investigate the vertical profile of reff in the cirrus. The retrieved values of reff are compared with corresponding in situ measurements using a vertical weighting method. Compared to the MODIS observations, measurements of SMART provide more information on the vertical distribution of particle sizes, which allow reconstructing the profile of reff close to the cloud top. The comparison between retrieved and in situ reff yields a normalized mean absolute deviation, which ranges between 1.5 and 10.3 %, and a robust correlation coefficient of 0.82.

Construction of a near-infrared responsive upconversion nanoplatform against hypoxic tumors via NO-enhanced photodynamic therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 7875-7887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lan ◽  
Xiaohui Zhu ◽  
Ming Tang ◽  
Yihan Wu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles

A near-infrared (NIR) activated theranostic nanoplatform based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is developed in order to overcome the hypoxia-associated resistance in photodynamic therapy by photo-release of NO upon NIR illumination.

A nitroreductase-activatable near-infrared theranostic photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy under mild hypoxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (43) ◽  
pp. 5819-5822
Author(s):  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Yongzhuo Liu ◽  
Fengling Song ◽  
Long Jiao ◽  
Yingnan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Triplet State ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mild Hypoxia

In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) theranostic photosensitizer was developed based on a heptamethine aminocyanine dye with a long-lived triplet state.

Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2657-2667
Author(s):  
Felipe Montecinos-Franjola ◽  
John Y. Lin ◽  
Erik A. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Color Palette

Noninvasive fluorescent imaging requires far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for deeper imaging. Near-infrared light penetrates biological tissue with blood vessels due to low absorbance, scattering, and reflection of light and has a greater signal-to-noise due to less autofluorescence. Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins absorb light >600 nm to expand the color palette for imaging multiple biosensors and noninvasive in vivo imaging. The ideal fluorescent proteins are bright, photobleach minimally, express well in the desired cells, do not oligomerize, and generate or incorporate exogenous fluorophores efficiently. Coral-derived red fluorescent proteins require oxygen for fluorophore formation and release two hydrogen peroxide molecules. New fluorescent proteins based on phytochrome and phycobiliproteins use biliverdin IXα as fluorophores, do not require oxygen for maturation to image anaerobic organisms and tumor core, and do not generate hydrogen peroxide. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) was evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein to covalently attach biliverdin as an exogenous fluorophore. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein is biophysically as bright as the enhanced green fluorescent protein, is exceptionally photostable, used for biosensor development, and visible in living mice. Novel applications of smURFP include in vitro protein diagnostics with attomolar (10−18 M) sensitivity, encapsulation in viral particles, and fluorescent protein nanoparticles. However, the availability of biliverdin limits the fluorescence of biliverdin-attaching fluorescent proteins; hence, extra biliverdin is needed to enhance brightness. New methods for improved biliverdin bioavailability are necessary to develop improved bright far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for noninvasive imaging in vivo.

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