Detection of thin oil films on the water surface with the help of UV filaments

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Oil Films

Detecting of thin oil films on water surface via UV filaments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ionin ◽  
D. V. Mokrousova ◽  
L. V. Seleznev ◽  
D. V. Sinitsyn ◽  
E. S. Sunchugasheva
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Oil Films

Detection of thin oil films on the water surface with the help of UV filaments

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-341
Author(s):  
A. A. Ionin ◽  
D. V. Mokrousova ◽  
L. V. Seleznev ◽  
D. V. Sinitsyn ◽  
E. S. Sunchugasheva
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Oil Films

Optical Method of Detection of Oil Contamination on Water Surface in UV Spectral Range

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Michael L. Belov ◽  
Yulia I. Vsyakova ◽  
Victor A. Gorodnichev
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Atmospheric Attenuation ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Oil Films ◽  
Promising Type

Efficiency analysis of optical (photo and radiometric) method of oil contamination detection based on differences between reflective characteristics of clean and oil-contaminated water surfaces was conducted with sounding wave selection in UV, visible, near-infrared and medium-infrared regions of the spectrum. It is shown that, in terms of eye safety, width of thickness interval of detected oil films and atmospheric attenuation, the most promising type of sounding for monitoring of oil contamination is UV sounding at a wavelength of 0.355 µm, which allowing to detect oil films with thickness of at least 2 µm reliably with probability of correct detection exceeding 0.9 and probability of false alarms of 0.002 with relative measurement noise not exceeding 5 %.

The Visibility of Oil-Water Discharges

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Bernard Hornstein
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Surface Discharges ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Oil Films

ABSTRACT Oil Spills: Controlled oil films from 15 through 3000 nanometers (3 microns) thick show reflectance and interference color effects that vary in an orderly way with film thickness, and that agree with the well-known table published by the American Petroleum Institute. This inherent appearance depends only upon local film thickness and is independent of oil type. Visibility of a given film is variable and is affected by ambient factors that include sky conditions, water surface state, and the depth and color of the water. Oil-Water Discharges: Controlled streams of 25 to 100 gpm, containing 5 to 250 ppm of oil, were discharged into Raritan Bay from a 65-foot vessel. Discharge points were above the surface or 2 to 5 feet below the surface, with the vessel an anchor in tidal currents, simulating a fixed source in a low current. Above-surface discharges were also made with the vessel underway at 6 to 15 knots. The visibility and appearance of films resulting from the discharges were recorded from the vessel and from a helicopter. The visibility of above-surface discharges for all combinations of water rate, oil content, and vessel speed, is correlated by a Specific Oil Rate (SOR) parameter: Discharges of SOR = 4 or less were not visible, while those of SOR = 40 or more were visible. Visibility varied for intermediate discharges in the SOR range of 4 to 40. Visibility was infrequent near SOR = 4, and became more frequent as SOR increased. Fifty percent of the SOR = 20 discharges were visible. This correlation is for observations made from an aircraft. Results of discharges reported by the Coast Guard for vessel speeds of 10–17 kt and by the British for 8–16 kt correlate with ours via the SOR parameter. These observations were also from aircraft. Subsurface discharges appeared substantially less visible than corresponding above surface discharges. Replication, however, was insufficient to allow development of a correlation.

Green synthesis of surfactants for removing grude-oil films off water surface

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 299689
Author(s):  
Z.H. Asadov ◽  
R.A. Rahimov ◽  
N.V. Salamova ◽  
N.A. Zarbaliyeva ◽  
G.A. Ahmadova
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Films

As traditional sources of raw materials and energy like petroleum, coal, gas, etc. are gradually depleted, more and more attention is attracted by alternative and renewable ones to which, among the firsts, natural lipids of vegetable and animal origin belong. As is known, natural oils and fats mainly consist of triglycerides of higher monocarboxylic acids. These triglycerides being ecologically clean esters by nature are very convenient initial products for carrying out “green” syntheses. Taking the above-mentioned into consideration investigations have been performed in order to synthesize novel nonionic surfactants by direct interaction of triglycerides of olive, corn, sunflower, flax-seed, soybean and other vegetable oils as well as of beef, mutton, goat, pork fats, cod-liver and seal oils with such ethanolamines as mono-, di- and triethanolamine (TEA). The resulting products being respectively monoethylolamides, diethylolamides and triethanolamine esters, according to stalagmometric measurements, exhibit efficient surfactant properties greatly reducing surface tension at the kerosene-water interface from 46.0–46.5 down to 1–2 mN/m under room conditions. These surfactants have an applied importance as they have a capability to remove thin crude oil films off the water surface, water having a very wide range of mineralization (distilled, fresh, sea and stratal waters). In soft waters under the action of these surfactants thin crude-oil films are mainly transformed into a spot, i.e. they behave as crude oil collectors. In hard waters the mentioned surfactants usually disperse ecologically dangerous crude-oil films eliminating their hazard to marine inhabitants since such films disordering gas (for example, oxygen and carbon dioxide) and energy (mainly of sunlight origin) exchange at the water-air interface disturb an ecological balance. They also demonstrate high inhibitor properties against corrosion of steel. Phosphate- and ethanolaminophosphate derivatives of the mentioned mono- and diethylolamides as well as TEA esters of natural higher monocarboxylic acids fractions have also been synthesized which pertain to efficient anionic surfactants. According to laboratory tests, they also possess strong capabilities to collect or disperse thin crude-oil films from the surface of water having various degrees of mineral salts contents. The obtained chemicals are of great practical interest, first of all, for the Caspian Sea region which is very rich in crude oil reserves.

Development of an Airborne MM-Wave Radar System for Detecting Oil Films on Water Surface

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jenett ◽  
V. Kazantsev ◽  
A. Kurekin ◽  
V. Ryabov ◽  
K. Schtinemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
Oil Films

Using Remote Laser Technique in Measuring Oil Film Thickness on Water Surface in the Eye-Safe Spectral Range

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
M.L. Belov ◽  
T.I. Kopysova ◽  
V.A. Gorodnichev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Simulation ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tunable Laser ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Laser Technique ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Oil Films

Possibilities were studied of using a remote laser spectrophotometric method in measuring thickness of oil films on a wavy water surface with utilization of discretely tunable laser source operating at eye-safe narrow spectral range around ~ 2.1 μm. Laser spectrophotometric method is based on measuring reflection coefficient of the water surface on five probing wavelengths and finding thickness of the oil film by the quasisolution search method. It is proposed to use an optical parametric generator tunable along a wavelength in the 1.5--2.6 μm spectral range as a radiation source. Results of mathematical simulation are provided for the optical characteristics of typical oil and pure sea water with a mean square value of measurement noise of 1, 2 and 3 %. Results of mathematical simulation demonstrate that remote laser spectrophotometric method based on the quasisolution selection technique makes it possible to measure oil films with a thickness from several micrometers to ~ 130 μm with an error of no more than 30 % for measurements with noise mean sguare error of 1--3 %

On the Possibility of Detecting Oil Films on a Water Surface by Methods of Microwave Radiometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Gudkov ◽  
V. G. Sister ◽  
E. M. Ivannikova ◽  
V. Yu. Leushin ◽  
V. A. Plyushchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Microwave Radiometry ◽  
Oil Films
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