scholarly journals Gendered Pathways to Power

Commonwealth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Brown
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Political Ambition ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Political Office ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has historically fared poorly in terms of the proportion of women serving in its governing bodies. After a historic year of women in politics in 2018, Pennsylvania increased its proportion of women serving in the state legislature from 19% to 26%, which is still far from parity. Why are women so underrepresented? Political scientists have tested various variables: women’s lack of political ambition, negative gatekeeping by political parties, and gender stereotypes negatively impacting female candidates, just to name a few. This paper focuses on the role that county party chairs and vice-chairs play in recruiting female candidates to run for political office in Pennsylvania. In this article I ask: what do the recruitment efforts look like on the ground and how are the recruitment efforts gendered? In terms of recruitment efforts, I expect the stronger county party to have its leaders pull from informal networks that are extensions of the party leaders themselves. On the other hand, I expect weak county parties to cast a wide net for candidate recruitment and allow candidates to self-identify, which I call the “volunteer” model. I use interview data of county party chairs in order to understand the structure of candidate recruitment in Pennsylvania and the impact it may have on candidate selection.

scholarly journals The Role of Gender Stereotypes in a Political Campaign:

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Brianna Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Elected Office

The purpose of this paper is to examine gender stereotypes as a mechanism that maintains the under representation of women within elected office. Focusing exclusively on American politics, this paper will explore the barriers female candidates face in running for office. In 2019, the percentage of women holding seats is 23.7 %. This statistic indicates that women occupy 127 of the 535 seats in Congress. Although a record breaking high, this amount still remains far from achieving parity within Congress. To explore women’s under representation, I ask what is the impact gender stereotypes have on a female’s candidacy? Exploring how gender stereotypes influence both voter preferences and the attitudes of party leaders, I predict that gender stereotypes can discourage both voters and party leaders from pursuing female candidates. Based on my research findings, I argue that the gender gap in political representation is in fact largely rooted in the campaign process that has and continues to present barriers for women seeking elected office.

scholarly journals Custody and Care of Children in Spain: Can the Two Rights be Reconciled?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Jabbaz Churba
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Children’S Voices ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the legal decision-making process in the Community of Valencia (Spain) regarding contentious divorces particularly with respect to parental authority (patria potestas), custody and visiting arrangements for children, and the opinions of mothers and fathers on the impact these judicial measures have had on their lives. It also considers the biases in these decisions produced by privileging the rights of the adults over those of the children. Three particular moments are studied: (1) the situation before the break-up, focusing on the invisible gender gap in care; (2) the judicial process, where we observe the impact of hidden gender-based violence and gender stereotypes; and (3) the situation post-decision, showing how any existing violence continues after divorce, by means of parental authority. The concept of ‘motherhood under threat’ is placed at the centre of these issues, where children’s voices are given the least attention.

Does Gender Matter in Elections?

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-39
Author(s):  
Robert G. Boatright ◽  
Valerie Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Campaigns And Elections ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
American Elections ◽  
The Impact

This chapter provides the theoretical context for the study by exploring whether and how gender usually matters in campaigns and elections, and the ways in which the 2016 election was different in this regard. The chapter presents the literature on voter preferences for male and female candidates, the impact of gender stereotypes on voting, and the way campaigns and advertisers make use of these stereotypes when trying to promote their candidates or undermine their opponents. The chapter devotes particular attention to recent claims that women are not disadvantaged in contemporary American elections, and it explores ways in which this finding might be applied to the 2016 presidential election, the first to feature a female general election nominee.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Robert G. Boatright ◽  
Valerie Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Presidential Campaign ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Congressional Campaigns ◽  
Election Process ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The book begins by laying out a story about the impact of the presidential race on the congressional races in 2016. At the center of this story lie two unanticipated developments that characterized the 2016 election. The first of these was the unusual centrality of sexism and gender stereotypes to the presidential race in 2016. In a society that appears, by some measures, to have taken strides toward greater gender equality, what happened in Congressional campaigns when “retrograde” views on gender unexpectedly emerged in the competition for the presidency? The second unexpected occurrence was the nomination of Donald Trump as the Republican Party’s presidential candidate, and the subsequent assumption that he would lose the presidential contest to Hillary Clinton. What impact did this development have on Congressional campaigns? Congressional candidates in the 2016 election found themselves in a fairly novel situation generated by the presidential race: gender issues became central to the presidential campaign, and, in turn, to the entire election process.

The impact of advertisements on women’s psychological and emotional states: exploring navigation and resistance of disabling stereotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-807
Author(s):  
Ella Houston
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Feminist Disability Studies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Representations of disabled women in advertising have been historically problematic. Largely, such portrayals have reinforced disability and gender stereotypes. This is an important issue to address because cultural representations have the ability to challenge or support widespread attitudes and beliefs surrounding identity groups. In addition, representations can generate micro level impact, for example, influencing how individual’s perceive themselves. In this article, Thomas’s (1999) concept of psycho-emotional disablism is used to enhance understandings of the relationship between advertising messages and individual psychological and emotional states. The feminist disability studies research presented in this article explores how women with mental health issues navigate advertising portrayals of mental health and gender. The findings develop existing knowledge of psycho-emotional disablism through demonstrating how individuals often use problematic advertising messages and memories of psycho-emotional oppression as a vehicle for positive self-transformation and as a way of resisting cultural stereotypes.

More Women Candidates: The Effects of Increased Women’s Presence on Political Ambition, Efficacy, and Vote Choice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1532673X2110063
Author(s):  
Mia Costa ◽  
Isabel Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Political Ambition ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The U.S

The effect of women in politics is vitally important for the study of representation, yet evidence is mixed on the extent to which women’s presence influences individuals’ symbolic attitudes and behaviors. We use a priming survey experiment to examine how information about increased women candidates in the U.S. affects political ambition, efficacy, and future support for women candidates. We present several different patterns across gender and partisanship. Republicans report higher political ambition after hearing about more women candidates, even when those women are running for the opposite party. Men had higher political efficacy in response to more same-party women running, but not opposite-party women. Importantly, our evidence does not support the widespread notion that women’s presence positively influences women’s political efficacy or likelihood to vote for female candidates. The findings highlight the importance of considering the effects of women’s presence not only for the group that is assumed to benefit.

Gender and Compensation: Understanding the Impact of Gender and Gender Stereotypes in Children’s Rewards

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-323
Author(s):  
Steven G. Hertz ◽  
Eileen Wood ◽  
Jessica Gilbert ◽  
Rosemary Victor ◽  
Erin Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Studying Political Representation: A Comparative-Gendered Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Lena Krook
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Feminist Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opening Up

How does a comparative politics of gender improve our understanding of political representation? I map the existing feminist literature on this topic, which asks questions like why there are so few women elected to political office, whether women in politics represent women as a group, and how the presence or absence of women in politics affects voter perceptions and opinions. I then consider how scholars—both feminist and non-feminist—might generate new insights on political representation by expanding what is thought of as a “case” and what is meant by the term “gender.” I recommend increasing the scope of comparison by (1) opening up the definition of a case to include a broader range of units and events and (2) connecting the study of a single unit to patterns generated by the study of other similar units. I suggest moving away from equating women with gender by exploring (1) relations between women and men and (2) the impact of masculinities and femininities on the conduct of political life. While developed in relation to research on representation, this approach offers broader advice for capturing the diverse and gendered nature of political dynamics observed around the world.

scholarly journals Is ambition a gendered issue? Students´ vs employees´ antecedents of Ambition about Leadership

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
Esther Lopez-Zafra ◽  
Nicolás Sánchez-Álvarez ◽  
Isabel Carmona-Cobo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Core Self ◽  
The Impact

Los obstáculos a lo largo de la carrera de las mujeres demuestran que su ambición de convertirse en líder es compleja porque está influenciada por los estereotipos y roles de género. En este estudio, se les pidió a 625 participantes (54.24% mujeres) de dos categorías (379 estudiantes y 246 empleados) que imaginaran cómo reaccionarían ante un ascenso a una posición de liderazgo y posteriormente, completaron un cuestionario que incluía sus creencias sobre las consecuencias -evaluaciones, ambición, emociones positivas y negativas e ideología de roles de género. Los estudiantes fueron más ambiciosos que los empleados, independientemente de su género. Sin embargo, al analizar el impacto de la ambición en la decisión de aceptar una posición de liderazgo, observamos que el afecto positivo generado al imaginar una promoción es el aspecto clave para finalmente decidir aceptar la promoción, tanto en estudiantes como en empleados. Sin embargo, en los estudiantes, independientemente de su género, la decisión se predice por afecto negativo, evaluaciones de auto-concepto, pero no por niveles de ambición. Obstacles along women career demonstrate how ambition for becoming a leader is complex because it is influenced by gender stereotypes and roles. In this study, 625 participants (54.24% women) from two statuses (379 students and 246 employees) were asked to imagine how they would react to a promotion to a leadership position and then completed a questionnaire including their beliefs about the consequences, core self-evaluations, ambition, positive and negative emotions, and gender role ideology. Students were more ambitious than employees, regardless of their gender. However, when analyzing the impact of ambition on the decision of accepting a leadership position we observe that positive affect generated by imagining a promotion is the key aspect to finally decide to accept the promotion in both students and employees. However, in students, regardless of their gender, the decision is predicted by negative affect, core-self evaluations but not by levels of ambition.

scholarly journals Patterns of Overeducation in Europe: The Role of Field of Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Rossen ◽  
Christina Boll ◽  
André Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Educational Mismatch ◽  
Standard Education ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study investigates the incidence of overeducation among graduate workers in 21 European Union countries and its underlying factors based on the European Labor Force Survey 2016. Although controlling for a wide range of covariates, the particular interest lies in the role of fields of study for vertical educational mismatch. The study reveals country differences in the impact of these factors. Compared to Social sciences, male graduates from, for example, Education, Health and welfare, Engineering, and ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) are less and those from Services and Natural sciences are more at risk in a clear majority of countries. These findings are robust against changes of the standard education. Moreover, some fields show gender-specific risks. We suggest that occupational closure, productivity signals and gender stereotypes answer for these cross-field and cross-country differentials. Moreover, country fixed effects point to relevant structural differences between national labor markets and between educational systems.

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