scholarly journals Un pájaro azul en Costa Rica: la función de la traducción de L’Oiseau bleu en la Costa Rica de 1912

LETRAS ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 201-217
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Vargas Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Costa Rican

El estudio procura desvelar la función de El pájaro azul (traducción de Roberto Brenes Mesén) dentro del contexto histórico en que surge. Tras describir y analizar las especificidades ideológicas, sociales y literarias de contexto, individuos y textos involucrados, se concluye que la traducción pudo haber funcionado como un instrumento para promover cambios ideológicos, sociales y estéticos dentro de la sociedad costarricense de principios del siglo veinte.This study seeks to describe the role of El pájaro azul (translated by Roberto Brenes Mesén) when it first appeared in Costa Rica in 1912. A description is provided of the ideological, social and literary features present in the context, and of the agents and texts involved in the production of El pájaro azul. The analysis of these features makes it possible to state that the text is likely to have been an instrument used to promote ideological, social and aesthetic changes within the 20th century Costa Rican society.

The Presidents of Costa Rica

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Busey
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Presidential History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

Writers have long claimed that Costa Rica has achieved standards of popular, constitutional government unusual for Latin America. A few recent commentators have attempted to modify the unstinted praise which others have been prone to lavish upon Costa Rican political institutions and processes.To evaluate properly the assumption that Costa Rica is somehow more “democratic” than her neighbors, there must be examination of a number of elements of Costa Rican political life—that is, press and public expression, individual rights, political parties, roles of judicial and legislative bodies, role of the military, and the like. Some studies have touched upon a few of these elements. Scholarship has yet to cover all of them. The present paper will confine itself to a further aspect of Costa Rican political life—that is, the presidential history of the country. By what means and under what circumstances have presidents secured and left office? How many have been long-term dictators? What have been the backgrounds and characteristics of leading Costa Rican presidents? How many have come from the military profession, and how many from civilian life?

scholarly journals El papel del profesorado y el entorno de aprendizaje en el rendimiento de los estudiantes costarricenses: un análisis a partir de PISA

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1145
Author(s):  
Gregorio Gimenez ◽  
Beatriz Barrado ◽  
Rafael Arias
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Role Of Teachers

The role of teachers and the learning environment in academic achievement of Costa Rican students: An analysis from PISAA pesar de que la literatura ha señalado que la calidad del profesorado y el ambiente escolar son factores clave en el rendimiento académico, los estudios que cuantifican empíricamente en qué medida contribuyen al desempeño estudiantil en los países latinoamericanos son escasos. En este artículo, utilizamos datos de PISA-Costa Rica y la técnica de descomposición Shapley-Shorrocks para cuantificar qué porcentaje de la variabilidad de los resultados escolares puede ser explicada por el profesorado y el entorno de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran que la mayor parte de las diferencias en notas se debe al esfuerzo de cada estudiante (parte no explicada por la función de producción educativa). Del resto de factores, las características de la escuela y del profesor explican más variabilidad en rendimiento (36% para el promedio de Matemáticas, Lectura y Ciencias) que el efecto conjunto de las circunstancias individuales y familiares (12,5%). Dentro de los factores de escuela, dos elementos tendrían especial relevancia. Por un lado, el comportamiento de los alumnos, destacando los problemas de absentismo e impuntualidad. Por otro, el nivel de autonomía del profesorado y la dirección de la escuela en el diseño de los planes de estudio y las evaluaciones.

scholarly journals Defining religion, defying tradition? Concord and conflict about the role of religion in a Costa Rican indigenous community

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 374-392
Author(s):  
Bjørn Tafjord
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Role Of Religion

When approaching the issue of power, some fundamental questions always arise: Who is in a position to define? When, where, for whom, and why? These are also underlying questions in the particular case that is discussed in this article: Discourses about the role of religion among Bribris in Talamanca, the indigenously dominated area in south-eastern Costa Rica. The author looks at how ‘religion’ is defined by different actors, and into how the same actors understand religion in relation to what they see as other aspects of society and culture – in particular what the Bribris refer to as siwá, a concept they often translate into Spanish as tradición. In doing so, the it is highlighted how different actors discuss and negotiate the role of ‘religion’ in a particular cultural and historical context. For analytical purposes, it is proposed that defining should be seen as a practice that delimits something and gives it a certain place or space in relation to something else. To define is then to exercise power. As a consequence, discourses about the definition and role of religion in Talamanca are seen as both practices of, and contests about power.

Unearthing 20th-century treasures: new records of deep-sea crustaceans from the Costa Rican Pacific

Crustaceana ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-757
Author(s):  
Juan C. Azofeifa-Solano ◽  
Rita Vargas-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
New Records ◽  
Costa Rican

Abstract We report on 13 species collected during the 1973 expedition onboard the MY “Velero IV”: seven Euphausiidae (krill), two Benthesicymidae shrimp, two Sergestidae shrimp, one Acanthephyridae shrimp, and one Portunidae crab. Four species are new records for Costa Rica: Bentheogennema burkenroadi, Gennadas scutatus, Neosergestes consobrinus, and Phorcosergia filicta.

scholarly journals ‘El trabajo dignifica’ Twentieth Century Afro-Costa Rican Women and Informal Work in Port Limon, Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Carmen Hutchinson Miller
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Women Of African Descent ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Function

The patriarchal system has convinced most that women’s respectable place and function are exclusively within the private space of the home. When women ‘transgress’ and venture out into the public sphere by choice or by force, the reception is far from welcoming both by individuals and institutions. The analysis seeks to enquire, based on women of African descent history, how this ideology affects their participation in the public sphere. The main objective is to unearth and make visible some of the informal financial activities women were involved in during the 20th century in Port of Limon, Central America, Costa Rica. The information was gathered through interviews, some early 20th-century newspaper research, and other documentation. The analysis is conducted from a historical and gender perspective.

scholarly journals The Role of Alfred J. Marrow and the Harwood Manufacturing Corporation in the Advancement of OD

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-427
Author(s):  
Bernard Burnes
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Organization Development ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Kurt Lewin ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Independent Existence

The Harwood Manufacturing Corporation began its life in the garment-trade sweatshops of New York at the end of the 19th century and ended its independent existence in the sweatshops of Honduras and Costa Rica at the end of the 20th century. In between, under the influence of Kurt Lewin and Alfred J. Marrow, it became seen as a beacon of progressive management: the place where the values, tools, and philosophy of the Organization Development (OD) movement were trialed, extended, and established. Harwood laid the foundations of the group-orientated OD that emerged in the 1950s and shaped the more system-wide and integrated approach to OD that came to the fore in the 1970s. As such, it left a lasting legacy that has been institutionalized in current OD practices and values.

The Great Reform and the Fate of Capitalism in Russia (On the 150th Anniversary of the Emancipation Reform)

2011 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
In The Beginning

The paper deals with the problem of the establishment of capitalism in Russia in the late 19 - early 20th centuries. Using a wide array of historical research and documents the author argues that the thesis on the advanced state of capitalism in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century does not stand up to historical scrutiny, and the role of the famous Emancipation reform of 1861 appears to be of limited importance.

‘Wheels have been set in motion’: Geocentrism and Relativity in Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Campos
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Quantum Uncertainty ◽  
Galilean Relativity ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
20Th Century Physics ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Do So

By decentring our reading of Hamlet, Stoppard’s tragicomedy questions the legitimacy of centres and of stable frames of reference. So Liliane Campos examines how Stoppard plays with the physical and cosmological models he finds in Hamlet, particularly those of the wheel and the compass, and gives a new scientific depth to the fear that time is ‘out of joint’. In both his play and his own film adaptation, Stoppard’s rewriting gives a 20th-century twist to these metaphors, through references to relativity, indeterminacy, and the role of the observer. When they refer to the uncontrollable wheels of their fate, his characters no longer describe the destruction of order, but uncertainty about which order is at work, whether heliocentric or geocentric, random or tragic. When they express their loss of bearings, they do so through the thought experiments of modern physics, from Galilean relativity to quantum uncertainty, drawing our attention to shifting frames of reference. Much like Schrödinger’s cat, Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are both dead and alive. As we observe their predicament, Campos argues, we are placed in the paradoxical position of the observer in 20th-century physics, and constantly reminded that our time-specific relation to the canon inevitably determines our interpretation.

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