scholarly journals The Processes of Energy Transformation in Activated Laser Materials with Ions Er3 (Review)

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Kevshyn ◽  
V. V. Halyan ◽  
T. A. Semenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Chalcogenide Glasses ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Excitation Energy Transfer ◽  
Optical Excitation ◽  
Cross Relaxation ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Laser Materials ◽  
Erbium Ions ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Transformation Processes

In paper the features of energy transformation processes in activated with erbium ions laser materials based on optical transitions in 4f shell of Er3+ ionwere discussed. Methods of excitation of the luminescence in chalcogenide glasses doped with Er3+ ions were described and found how its intensity depends on concentration of the ions. Up-conversion and cross-relaxation play an important role in the transformation of excitations in erbium-doped materials. In cross-relaxation the energy of one center can be nonradiatively transferred to another center or divided between the two centers, while in the up-conversion, however, energy of several centers summed up in one center, bringing it acts as an additional channel of luminescence quenching, or as a way of pumping of the higher energy levels. To improve the efficiency of optical excitation of many laser materials doped with erbium ions the sensitization with ytterbium ions that have intense absorption band in the range of ~0.9-1 µm with "effective" width of about 1000 cm-1 as well a channel of the efficient nonradiative excitation energy transfer to Er3+ ions is widely used. 

Photoluminescence Study of Energy Transfer Processes in Erbium Doped AlxGal−xAs Grown by MBE

1993 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhang ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
N.V. Edwards ◽  
D.E. Moxey ◽  
R.M. Kolbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Quenching ◽  
Energy Bands ◽  
Doped Semiconductors ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Erbium Ions ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTSharp photoluminescence from the intra-4f shell of Er3+ is observed from erbium doped AlxGal-xAs (0 ≤x ≤ 1) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The intensity of the luminescence from the erbium is strongly dependent on the aluminum composition with a maximum at x ≈ 0.6. We will present a model that explains the variation in intensity based on the energy transfer coupling efficiency between the host semiconductor and the optically active erbium ions. The coupling efficiency is dominated by the alignment or misalignment of the erbium energy levels with the energy bands of the host semiconductor and by the excess carrier lifetime in the host. The data and model, which are presented here for the first time, are consistent with our previous work on the effects of co-doping with Be or Si and with other workers' measurements of thermal quenching in rare earth doped semiconductors.

scholarly journals Laser Performance of Neodymium- and Erbium-Doped GYSGG Crystals

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Kai Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Average Power ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Laser Generation ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Laser Materials ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Erbium Ions ◽  
Host Materials ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Switching Mode

Garnet crystals possess many properties that are desirable in laser host materials, e.g., they are suitable for diode laser (LD) pumping, stable, hard, optically isotropic, and have good thermal conductivity, permitting laser operation at high average power levels. Recently, a new garnet material, GYSGG, was developed by replacing some of the yttrium ions (Y3+) with gadolinium ions (Gd3+) in YSGG, demonstrating great potential as a laser host material. GYSGG crystals doped with trivalent neodymium ion (Nd3+) and erbium ions (Er3+) were successfully grown for laser generation in the near- and mid-infrared range, with some of the laser performances reaching the level of mature laser gain media. This paper gives an overview of the achievements made in Nd3+- and Er3+-doped GYSGG lasers at different wavelength ranges. Additionally, full descriptions on Q-switching, mode-locking and wavelength-selecting methods for Nd:GYSGG, and the mechanisms of power scaling by co-doping sensitizers and deactivators in Er:GYSGG, are given. It is expected that this review will help researchers from related areas to quickly gain an understanding of these laser materials and promotes their commercialization and applications.

scholarly journals Amplifying characteristics Er-doped chalcogenide glass

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Vesna Petrovic ◽  
Nikola Stojanovic ◽  
Milos Slankamenac ◽  
Svetlana Lukic
Keyword(s):  
Chalcogenide Glasses ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Source Power ◽  
Erbium Ions ◽  
Fluorescence Maximum ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Er Doped ◽  
Doped Glass

The paper presents the measurement results of optical amplifying characteristics of Er-doped As-S-Ge chalcogenide glasses. The measurements included the amplification of useful laser source power during propagation along two axes of samples. A fluorescence maximum at the wavelengths between 1500 nm and 1540 nm was identified, which corresponds to the transition of electrons from the 4I13/2 level to the 4I15/2 level within the 4f shell of Erbium ions (Er3+). Measuring the signal strength showed that the passage through the erbium doped chalcogenid glass amplification of the useful signal occurs and this increase is proportional to the length of propagation through the doped glass.

Semiconductors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Solymar ◽  
D. Walsh ◽  
R. R. A. Syms
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Optical Excitation ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Mathematical Relations ◽  
Semiconductor Properties

Both intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors are discussed in terms of their band structure. The acceptor and donor energy levels are introduced. Scattering is discussed, from which the conductivity of semiconductors is derived. Some mathematical relations between electron and hole densities are derived. The mobilities of III–V and II–VI compounds and their dependence on impurity concentrations are discussed. Band structures of real and idealized semiconductors are contrasted. Measurements of semiconductor properties are reviewed. Various possibilities for optical excitation of electrons are discussed. The technology of crystal growth and purification are reviewed, in particular, molecular beam epitaxy and metal-organic chemical vapour deposition.

scholarly journals Влияние одноосной деформации в направлении [110] на релаксацию состояний мелких доноров мышьяка в германии

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
В.В. Цыпленков ◽  
В.Н. Шастин
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Optical Excitation ◽  
Uniaxial Stress ◽  
Shallow Donor ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Emission Frequency ◽  
Donor States ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Stress ◽  
Intracenter Transitions

Analysis of acoustical phonon assisted relaxation rates of arsenic donor states has been carried out in depends on uniaxial compressive stress of crystal along [110] direction under low temperature (< 10 K). As shown, under optical excitation the inversion population of donor energy levels is formed that depends on deformation of crystal. This give grounds to suppose that stimulated emission on arsenic shallow donor intracenter transitions in THz range is possible under optical excitation. As shown, uniaxial stress along [110] direction can result to switch laser transition and stimulated emission frequency

Observing Self-Assembled Lipid Nanoparticles Building Order and Complexity through Low-Energy Transformation Processes

ACS Nano ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 2789-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Mulet ◽  
Xiaojuan Gong ◽  
Lynne J. Waddington ◽  
Calum J. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Transformation Processes

scholarly journals Exploration of Structural and Kinetic Components of Physical Information

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Annette Grathoff
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Physical Information ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Transformation Processes

As Wiener asserted, information is information, not matter, not energy. Physical aspects of information are deeply grounded in energy transformation processes. Adopting an evolutionary perspective, it is demonstrated that there are two complementary informative influences on energy transformation. To do this, we use a simple model of an idealized monochord instrument. This allows modeling information contained in the kinetics of the oscillating string as both (a) generated by the structure of the instrument, and (b) generating non-arbitrary motion structures in sensible receiving configurations that are similar in scale, geometry, and material properties.

Judd-Ofelt Parameters of Erbium Doped Zinc Phosphate Glass Containing Natural Ferrite Oxide Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Puzi Anigrahawati ◽  
M.R. Sahar ◽  
Sib Krishna Ghoshal
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Erbium Ions ◽  
Intensity Parameters ◽  
Zinc Phosphate Glass ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Quenching Method

Erbium ions (Er3+) doped zinc phosphate glass system with varying contents of natural ferrite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were prepared using melt quenching method. The glass is characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-VIS NIR spectrometer. It is observed that the amorphous nature of the glass is confirmed by x-ray diffraction. The absorption spectra of the glass are recorded in the UV-Visible in the range of 400-1600 nm. The UV-VIS NIR spectra reveal ten absorption peaks centered at 376, 406, 420, 486, 522, 546, 652, 798, 976 and 1534 nm, correspond to the transitions from the ground state 4I15/2 to higher 4I13/2, 4I11/2, 4I9/2, 4F9/2, 4S3/2, 2H11/2, 4F7/2, 4F3/2, 2H9/2, 4G11/2 levels, respectively. Effects of natural ferrite oxide nanoparticles on the absorption and emission properties of the synthesized glasses were analyzed via Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory. The J-O intensity-parameters (W2, W4, W6) analysis demonstrate a significant increase of spectroscopic quality factors.Keywords: Fe3O4 NPs, Absorption, Judd-Ofelt.

Performance Analysis of an EDFA Utilizing a Partially Doped Core Fiber (PDCF)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ahad ◽  
M.C. Paul ◽  
S.Z. Muhd-Yassin ◽  
A. Mansoor ◽  
H.A. Abdul-Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Noise Figure ◽  
Fiber Amplifiers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Erbium Ions ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Ion Doping ◽  
Amplifier Gain ◽  
Core Fiber ◽  
Erbium Ion

AbstractThe effect of transversal design in Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers’ gain and noise figure performance is illustrated in this work. In this work, we investigate experimentally a single pass 980 nm pumped EDFA with partially doped Erbium core fiber (PDCF), which has the core partially doped with Erbium ions. Later, the enumerated results for PDCF are compared with a standard fully doped EDF, having similar Erbium ion doping concentration. The PDCF Amplifier gain and noise figure performance is studied against different pump power and signal power at different operating wavelengths. The noise figure indicates improvement due to reduced spontaneous emission from un-doped region of the core.

Heat loads in erbium-doped laser materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Condon ◽  
Steven R. Bowman ◽  
Shawn P. O’Connor ◽  
Michael J. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Laser Materials ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Heat Loads
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