scholarly journals Recycling of waste plastics to liquid fuel mixture over composite zeolites catalysts

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Firuza Akhmetova ◽  
Yermek Aubakirov ◽  
Zheneta Tashmukhambetova ◽  
Larissa Sassykova ◽  
Huseyin Arbag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Liquid Products

Plastic waste production and consumption is increasing at an alarming rate with the increase of the human population, rapid economic growth, continuous urbanization, and changes in lifestyle. In addition, the short life span of plastic accelerates the production of plastic waste on a daily basis. Plastic waste recycling is carried out in different ways, but in most developing countries, open or landfill disposal is a common practice for plastic waste management. Plastic recycling into feedstocks, also known as chemical recycling, is encouraged all over the world. One such area is the thermal and catalytic thermal degradation of plastics into hydrocarbon fractions, which can be used as high-quality motor fuel after appropriate processing. Hydrocracking in the presence of a catalyst is a promising method of converting waste plastic materials to high quality liquid transportation fuels with decreased amounts of olefins and heteroatoms such as S, N, Cl, N, and O. The article deals with the study of hydrocracking of waste plastic into high quality liquid fuel on various catalysts based on natural zeolite deposits Taizhuzgen. The aim of the work is to determine the effect of new composite catalysts on the yield of liquid products by studying the specific surface and porous structure based on natural zeolite modified with Mо salt. It is established that the modification of natural zeolite with Mo affects the morphology of the catalyst, therefore, the obtained catalysts have different effects on the yield and composition of liquid fractions during the hydrogenation thermocatalytic transformation of hydrocarbons. The highest yield of liquid products (61.56%) was achieved using the 2% Mo/Taizhuzgen zeolite catalyst, which was chosen as optimal.

scholarly journals Pyro-Oil and Wax Recovery from Reclaimed Plastic Waste in a Continuous Auger Pyrolysis Reactor

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Majed Al-Salem ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Gary Anthony Leeke
Keyword(s):  
Product Distribution ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Densification Process ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Reactor

The increasing global waste plastic pollution is urging people to take immediate actions on effective plastic recycling and processing. In this work, we report the results of processing reclaimed plastic wastes from unsanitary landfill site in Kuwait by using a bench scale continuous auger pyrolysis system. The plastic feedstock was characterised. After a simple thermal densification process, the material was fed to the pyrolysis system at 500 °C. The pyro-oil and wax products were collected and characterised. The process mass balance was developed on dry basis, and the yields of pyro-oil, light wax, heavy wax and gases were 5.5, 23.8, 69.4 and 1.3 wt%, respectively. The findings have indicated that the reclamation of plastic waste from landfill was feasible in terms of the product distribution and characteristics. Further liquid analysis confirmed that the liquid products contained fractions that are comparable to petrol and diesel fuels. The wax products are viable and have potential application as coating, covering and lubrication.

scholarly journals CATALYTIC HYDROCRACKING OF WASTE LUBRICANT OIL INTO LIQUID FUEL FRACTION USING ZnO, Nb2O5, ACTIVATED NATURAL ZEOLITE AND THEIR MODIFICATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
Suryo Purwono ◽  
Arista Putranto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Fuel Fraction ◽  
Waste Lubricant Oil

Catalytic hydrocracking of waste lubricant oil into liquid fuel fraction using ZnO, Nb2O5, activated natural zeolite (ZAAH) and their modification has been investigated. The zeolite was produced in Wonosari, Yogyakarta. Activation of the zeolite was carried out by refluxing with HCl 3M for 30 min, produced the activated natural zeolite (ZAAH). The ZnO/ZAAH catalyst was prepared by impregnation of Zn onto the ZAAH by ion exchange method using salt precursor of Zn(NO3)2.4H2O. The Nb2O5/ZAAH catalyst was prepared by mixing the ZAAH sample with Nb2O5 and oxalic acid solution until the paste was formed. The impregnation of Zn onto Nb2O5/ZAAH was carried out using the same method to that of the ZnO/ZAAH catalyst resulted ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalyst. Characterization of catalyst includes determination of Zn metal by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), acidity by gravimetric method and catalyst porosity by Surface Area Analyzer (NOVA-1000). Catalytic hydrocracking was carried out in a semi-batch reactor system using ZnO, ZAAH, ZnO/ZAAH and ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalysts at 450 oC under the H2 flow rate of 15 mL/min. and the ratio of catalyst/feed = 1/5. The composition of liquid products was analyzed by Gas Chromatograpy (GC).The results showed that impregnation of ZnO and/or Nb2O5 on the ZAAH increased the acidity and specific surface area of catalyst. The products of the hydrocracking process were liquid, coke and gas. Conversion of liquid products was increased by the increase of catalyst acidity. The highest liquid product was produced by ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalyst, 52.97 wt-%, consist of gasoline, 38.87 wt-% and diesel, 14.10 wt-%.   Keywords: hydrocracking, waste lubricant oil, liquid fuel fraction

scholarly journals The Production of Liquid Fuel from Plastic Wastes by Using Waste Garbage Power Plant: Study on the Effect of Electric Load and Fuel/Gasoline to Solar Ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Kiagus Ahmad Roni ◽  
Zahrul Mufrodi ◽  
Imam Mustakim
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Generator System ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Heating Value

The type of plastic waste that is often a problem in many cities in Indonesia is Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), his is due to the plastic waste plastic waste bags has no longer economic value. One of the goals of plastic waste processing is usng it as a raw material for the Waste Garbage Power Plant (PLTSa). The most profitable in handling plastic waste by converting plastic waste into fuel oil as an alternative energy source because plastic is basically derived from petroleum. Plastic also has a fairly high heating value equivalent to gasoline and diesel fuel. Some studies related to plastic processing have not been integrated from the production process to downstream products in the form of electric products to get the overall level of plant efficiency. Therefore a research of plastic waste power plants needs to be done at the prototype level to determine the performance of the fuel and the level of efficiency of the resulting assemblers. The Pyrolysis Reactor Prototype Unit can be used to convert plastic bottle waste into liquid fuel with a yield of 56.26% carried out at a process temperature of 170 oC and the resulting heating value reaches 19644 Btu/lb close to the heating value of Pertamina Gasoline. The generator system performance test for the liquid fuel mixture (BBC) with Gasoline and Diesel has an optimal mixture ratio in the BBC - Bensi / Solar mixture 3: 2 with an optimal load of 800 Watt. In the generator system performance test for liquid fuel mixture (BBC) with Gasoline/Diesel is more optimal for comparison of BBC fuel with Gasoline, because for the BBC mixture with Gasoline in all generator system comparison values occur ignition. Whereas BBC with Solar does not ignite at a ratio of 0: 5, 1: 4 and 2: 3.

Chemical recycling of plastic waste via thermocatalytic routes

2021 ◽  
pp. 128989
Author(s):  
Jechan Lee ◽  
Eilhann E. Kwon ◽  
Su Shiung Lam ◽  
Wei-Hsin Chen ◽  
Jörg Rinklebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Chemical Recycling

scholarly journals 3D Graphene Nanosheets from Plastic Waste for Highly Efficient HTM free Perovskite Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Pandey ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Manoj Karakoti ◽  
Kuldeep K. Garg ◽  
Aniket Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
3D Graphene ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
First Time

Herein, we report the first time application of waste plastic derived 3D graphene nanosheets (GNs) for hole transport material (HTM) free perovskite solar cells (PSCs), where 3D GNs has been...

scholarly journals Efficient Triazine Derivatives for Collagenous Materials Stabilization

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3069
Author(s):  
Vanessa Gatto ◽  
Silvia Conca ◽  
Noemi Bardella ◽  
Valentina Beghetto
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Amidation Reaction ◽  
Simple Protocol ◽  
Triazine Derivatives ◽  
Collagen Powder

Nowadays, the need to reduce plastic waste and scantly biodegradable fossil-based products is of great importance. The use of leather as an alternative to synthetic materials is gaining renewed interest, but it is fundamental that any alternative to plastic-based materials should not generate an additional environmental burden. In the present work, a simple protocol for collagen stabilization mediated by 2-chloro-4,6-diethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDET) and a tert-amine has been described. Different tert-amines were tested in combination with CDET in a standard amidation reaction between 2-phenylethylamine and benzoic acid. Best performing condensation systems have been further tested for the cross-linking of both collagen powder and calf hides. The best results were achieved with CDET/NMM giving high-quality leather with improved environmental performances.

Energy and Resources Recovery from Gasified Screenings and Toxic Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 1045 ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Siviwe H. Bunge ◽  
James L. Topkin ◽  
Joshua Gorimbo ◽  
Diakanua B. Nkazi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Management Options ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Before And After

Sludge and screenings management is increasingly becoming a dilemma due its accumulating and tightening environmental regulations that limit its disposal methods. Various sludge management options have been researched, ranging from incineration, thermochemical liquefaction, to pyrolysis and gasification. This work proposes syngas, bio-oil, chemical resources and bio-char production for beneficiation through gasification of a mixture of sludge and screenings at different ratios of 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25. It also studies mass loss and toxins possible destruction by gasification temperatures and reactions. Toxicity and CHNS analysis before and after gasification were aimed at finding sludge energy content, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), was to find sampling and stopping temperatures during gasification. The overall best results of high syngas quality (high LHV, H2, CO and CH4 contents) and high quality bio-oil (i.e. cleanest, with high crude oil equivalent bonds such as C1 up to C36 and higher applicable bio-oil resources and chemical species obtained) was achieved by a 75/25 ratio, followed by a 50/50 ratio. The results also showed some possibility of biological and chlorinated hydrocarbon toxins (PCBs and PAHs) break down as well as the reduction of sludge and screenings to about 32% of the initial mass. These results can be further investigated for syngas application in power generation and liquid fuel production. Char toxicity can be analysed for its application in agriculture and for its adsorption properties. Char can be analysed for the presence of metals in it.

scholarly journals Plastics waste management: A review of pyrolysis technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Wilson Uzochukwu Eze ◽  
◽  
Reginald Umunakwe ◽  
Henry Chinedu Obasi ◽  
Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Process ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
The World ◽  
Pyrolysis Liquid ◽  
Life Options

<abstract> <p>The world is today faced with the problem of plastic waste pollution more than ever before. Global plastic production continues to accelerate, despite the fact that recycling rates are comparatively low, with only about 15% of the 400 million tonnes of plastic currently produced annually being recycled. Although recycling rates have been steadily growing over the last 30 years, the rate of global plastic production far outweighs this, meaning that more and more plastic is ending up in dump sites, landfills and finally into the environment, where it damages the ecosystem. Better end-of-life options for plastic waste are needed to help support current recycling efforts and turn the tide on plastic waste. A promising emerging technology is plastic pyrolysis; a chemical process that breaks plastics down into their raw materials. Key products are liquid resembling crude oil, which can be burned as fuel and other feedstock which can be used for so many new chemical processes, enabling a closed-loop process. The experimental results on the pyrolysis of thermoplastic polymers are discussed in this review with emphasis on single and mixed waste plastics pyrolysis liquid fuel.</p> </abstract>

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