scholarly journals Role of low circulating FSH concentrations in controlling the interval to emergence of the subsequent follicular wave in cattle

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
OJ Ginther ◽  
DR Bergfelt ◽  
MA Beg ◽  
K Kot
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Regimen ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Stimulation Of

The intervals between emergence of follicular waves 1 (first wave of an oestrous cycle) and 2, and between the associated FSH surges (surges 1 and 2), were studied in control (n = 7) and recombinant bovine (rb)FSH-treated (n = 7) heifers. The expected start of the deviation in follicle diameter between the two largest follicles of wave 1 was defined as the day on which the largest follicle reached 8.5 mm (day 0). In the control heifers, circulating concentrations of FSH decreased and oestradiol increased between day 0 and day 1.5 or day 2.0 in a reciprocal relationship. The opposite reciprocal relationship between an FSH increase and an oestradiol decrease occurred during the next 3 days. This temporal result is consistent with a negative systemic effect of oestradiol on FSH at this time. rbFSH was administered in a dosage regimen that was expected to result in a similarity between FSH surge 2 in the rbFSH-treated group and surge 2 in the control group. On average, surge 2 and wave 2 occurred approximately 2 days earlier in the rbFSH-treated group than in the control group, and characteristics of the FSH surge and follicular wave were similar (no significant differences) between groups. These results support the hypothesis that low circulating FSH concentrations after the deviation in follicle diameter control the interval to emergence of the subsequent follicular wave. However, in one of seven rbFSH-treated heifers, the largest follicle from the apparent stimulation of rbFSH reached only 5.7 mm; therefore, the possibility of involvement of additional mechanisms cannot be dismissed.

Progesterone as the driving regulatory force behind serum FSH concentrations and antral follicular development in cycling ewes

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya E. Baby ◽  
Pawel M. Bartlewski
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
And Control

Ovarian antral follicles in sheep grow in an orderly succession, producing typically three to four follicular waves per 17-day oestrous cycle. Each wave is preceded by a transient increase in circulating FSH concentrations. The mechanism controlling the number of recurrent FSH peaks and emerging follicular waves remains unknown. During the ewe’s oestrous cycle, the time between the first two FSH peaks and days of wave emergence is longer than the intervals separating the ensuing FSH peaks and follicular waves. The prolonged interpeak and interwave interval occurs early in the luteal phase when low levels of progesterone are secreted by developing, or not fully functional, corpora lutea (CL). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of varying progesterone (P4) levels on circulating concentrations of FSH and antral follicular development in sheep. Exogenous P4 (15 mg per ewe, i.m.) was administered twice daily to six cycling Rideau Arcott × Dorset ewes from Day 0 (ovulation) to Day 4 (the mean duration of the interwave interval); six animals served as controls. Follicular growth was monitored in all animals by daily transrectal ultrasonography (Days 0–9). Jugular blood samples were drawn twice a day from Day 0 to Day 4 and then daily until Day 9 to measure systemic concentrations of P4, FSH and 17β-oestradiol (E2). The first FSH peak after ovulation was detected on Days 1.5 ± 0.2 and 4.2 ± 0.2 in treated and control ewes, respectively (P < 0.05). The next FSH peak(s) occurred on Day 3.9 ± 0.3 in the treated group and on Day 6.4 ± 0.5 in the control group. Consequently, the treated group had, on average, three follicular waves emerging on Days 0, 3 and 6, whereas the control group had two waves emerging on Days 0 and 5. Mean serum E2 concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in control compared with treated ewes on Days 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, 4.0 and 4.3 after ovulation. In summary, creation of mid-luteal phase levels of P4 in metoestrus shortened the time to the first post-ovulatory FSH peak in ewes, resulting in the emergence of one more follicular wave compared with control ewes during the same time frame. Therefore, P4 appears to be a key endocrine signal governing the control of periodic increases in serum FSH concentrations and the number of follicular waves in cycling sheep.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

scholarly journals INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF MORUS ALBA IN REVERSING OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND RELATED METABOLIC DISORDER IN RATS

2016 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Hanaa H. Ahmed ◽  
Fatehya M Metwally ◽  
Hend Rashad ◽  
Asmaa M Zaazaa
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Control Group

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the viability of Morus alba (M. alba) ethanolic extract in repression of obesity-associated<br />hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorder; dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glycemic status.<br />Methods: Adult female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, eight rats each as follows: Group (1) control group received standard<br />rodent diet for 24 weeks. The other three groups administered high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and served as obese group, M. alba-treated group,<br />and simvastatin-treated group.<br />Results: The current results showed an increment in thoracic circumference (TCX) and abdominal circumferences (AC) as well as body mass index<br />(BMI) in obese group. In addition, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance have been elucidated in obese group.<br />Moreover, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin<br />values were significantly increased in obese groups versus control group. On the other hand, administration of ethanolic extract of Morus alba or<br />simvastatin could significantly lessen BMI and in addition to improve dyslipidemia in obese group. Glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance value<br />in serum samples demonstrated a significant reduction in obese group upon treatment with M. alba ethanolic extract or simvastatin. Furthermore,<br />noticeable depletion in hepatic MDA, NO contents, serum ALT, AST activities, and serum bilirubin level was recorded as a result of treatment with<br />either ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed ballooning degeneration in the hepatocytes<br />(hepatic steatosis) associated with inflammatory cells penetration in portal zone in obese group. Meanwhile, the treatment of obese groups with<br />ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin was found to restore the structural organization of the liver.<br />Conclusion: The present findings provide a novel aspect for understanding of the role of M. alba against obesity-associated liver diseases and related<br />metabolic disorder. The mechanisms underlying these effects seem to depend on the hypolipidemic potential, anti-inflammatory property, and<br />antioxidant activity of its phytochemicals.<br />Keywords: Obesity, Morus alba, Dyslipidemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia, Hepatic steatosis.</p>

Protective effects of histamine on Gq-mediated relaxation in regenerated endothelium

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. H286-H290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin K. Chan ◽  
Song Yan Liao ◽  
Yue Lin Zhang ◽  
Aimin Xu ◽  
Hung Fat Tse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Porcine Coronary Artery ◽  
Endogenous Histamine ◽  
Coronary Endothelium ◽  
Treatment Control Group

In the porcine coronary artery, regenerated endothelium is dysfunctional as regards the responses to endothelium-dependent agonists. The current study aimed to determine the possible involvement of histamine in such dysfunction. Pigs were treated chronically with pyrilamine (H1 receptor inhibitor, 2 mg·kg−1·day−1) with part of their coronary endothelium and allowed to regenerate for 28 days after balloon denudation. The results showed a reduction in relaxation to bradykinin (Gq protein dependent) only in the pyrilamine-treated group (area under the curve, 269.7 ± 13.4 vs. 142.0 ± 31.0, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium) but not in the control group (253.0 ± 22.1 vs. 231.9 ± 29.5, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). The differences in the relaxation to serotonin (Gi protein dependent) between native and regenerated endothelium were not affected by the pyrilamine treatment (control group, 106.3 ± 17.0 vs. 55.61 ± 12.7; and pyrilamine group, 106.0 ± 8.20 vs. 49.30 ± 6.31, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). These findings indicate that during regeneration of the endothelium, the activation of H1 receptors by endogenous histamine may be required to maintain the endothelium-dependent Gq protein-mediated relaxation to bradykinin, suggesting a beneficial role of the monoamine in the process of endothelial regeneration.

scholarly journals Protective role of ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 on oxidative stress, hematological and enzymatic parameters in cadmium toxicity induced rat model

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Dwivedi ◽  
Anuj Bhatanagar ◽  
Manu Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group

ABSTRACT We investigated the protective role of ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 (Elores) on hematological, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymatic activities and Cd levels in the blood and tissues of cadmium exposed rats. Twenty-four male rats were divided into three groups of eight rats each. The control group received distilled water whereas group II received CdCl2 (1.5 mg/4 ml/body weight) through gastric gavage for 21 days. Group III received CdCl2 and was treated with ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 for 21 days. The hematological, biochemical, lipid per-oxidation levels and enzymatic parameters were measured in plasma and tissues (brain, liver and kidney) of all groups. The Cd, Zn and Fe levels were measured in blood and tissues of all groups. Our findings showed significantly decreased cadmium (p<0.001), malonaldialdehyde (p<0.001) and myloperoxidase (MPO) levels along with significantly increased hemoglobin (p<0.01), RBC (p<0.05), hematocrit (p<0.05) levels and all antioxidant enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT, GR, GPx) in plasma and tissues of ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 treated group as compared to cadmium exposed group. Delta aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity was significantly (p<0.001) increased in the blood of ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 treated group as compared with cadmium exposed group. The levels of hepatic and renal parameters were significantly (p<0.001) decreased in ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 treated group as compared to cadmium exposed group. These findings indicate that ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 acts as a potent free radical scavenger and exhibits metal chelating properties that reduce free radical mediated tissue injury and prevent dysfunction of hepatic and renal organs during metal intoxication.

268 ROLE OF ATPase MOTOR CYTOPLASMIC DYNEIN AND PRIMARY CILIA IN TESTICULAR MORPHOGENESIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
C. Dores ◽  
I. Dobrinski
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tubule Formation ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Free Media

In vertebrates, the primary cilium is a nearly ubiquitous organelle present in somatic cells, but little is known about its function in the male gonad. We investigated the role of primary cilia in testis cells using in vitro formation of seminiferous tubules and in vitro culture of testicular somatic cells by inhibiting the primary cilium with CiliobrevinD, a cell-permeable, reversible chemical modulator that inhibits the major component of the organelle: ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein. We analysed in vitro cultures for the presence of primary cilia and the activation of hedgehog signalling through translocation of Gli2 to the nuclei; in vitro tubule formation was evaluated by length and width of tubules formed. Methods: testicular cells were harvested from neonatal pigs by 2-step enzymatic digestion. Cells (50 × 106 mL–1) were plated on 100 mm Petri dishes in 15 mL of DMEM + 5% FBS + 50 U of penicillin and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 in air overnight, cells remaining in suspension and those slightly attached were removed and the somatic cells attached were trypsinized to obtain a single cell suspension, and then submitted to two different protocols: in vitro culture (A) or in vitro tubule formation (B), n = 5 replicates each. For A, somatic cells were replated on coverslips in 24-well plates and cultured in serum free media for 48 h, then for the treated group, 10 mM of CiliobrevinD was added for 24 h, attached cells from control and treated groups were fixed in 4% PFA and characterised by immunocytochemistry for ARL13B, Vimentin, and Gli2. For B: 1 × 106 cells were added to 24-well plates coated with 1 : 1 diluted Matrigel, the control group was kept in serum free media and to the treated group was added 20 mM CiliobrevinD at Day 0. Results: A) primary cilia were present in 89.3 ± 2.3% of cells cultured in serum-free media for the control group and Gli2 was located in the nuclei of 90.2 ± 1.2% of cells; in the CiliobrevinD-treated group the percentage of primary cilia decreased (P < 0.05) to 3.1 ± 2.5% and nuclear Gli2 to 3.9 ± 0.7; B) tubules formed in the control group were significantly longer and wider than the ones formed when CiliobrevinD was added (9.91 ± 0.35 v. 5.540 ± 1.08 mm and 339.8 ± 55.78 v. 127.2 ± 11.9 µm, respectively, P < 0.05 by Student's t-test). In conclusion, the inhibition of ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein perturbs formation of primary cilia in testicular somatic cells, blocks Hedgehog signalling, and impairs in vitro tubule formation. Therefore, primary cilia on testicular somatic cells appear to be essential for testicular morphogenesis.Research was supported by 5 R01 OD016575-13.

Short term chronic toxicity of tributyltin on the testes of adult albino rats and the possible protective role of omega-3

2020 ◽  
pp. 096032712094745
Author(s):  
Marwa G Ahmed ◽  
Mona El-Demerdash Ibrahim ◽  
Hoda R El Sayed ◽  
Samah M Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Group I

The declining rate of male fertility is a growing concern. Tributyltin (TBT) is a well-known endocrine disruptor (ED), that induces imposex in female gastropods and is widely used in various industrial applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of TBT on the testes of adult albino rats and the possible role of omega-3. Forty two adult male albino rats were divided into five groups; control group (Group I) and four experimental groups: omega-3 treated group, TBT treated group, TBT & omega-3 treated group and follow up group. At the end of the study, the rats were subjected to biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and seminal examinations. Our results clarfied that TBT induced a significant decrease in testosterone, FSH, LH and serum glutathione peroxidase levels and a significant increase in the serum Malondialdehyde as compared to the control group. Tributyltin induced disorganization and shrinkage of seminiferous tubules, apoptosis, cellular damage and marked reduction in the germinal epithelium. A significant decrease in the cell proliferation and arrested spermatogenesis were also detected. Seminal analysis of TBT group showed a significant affection of all parameters as compared to other groups. Omega-3 ameliorated all of these hazardous effects. Follow up group still showed toxic effects. In conclusion, TBT has a toxic effect on the testis. Increased testicular oxidative stress, cellular damage and arrest of spermatogenesis with attenuation in antioxidant defenses are all contributing factors. Omega-3 can protect against TBT induced reproductive toxicity.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Infection Induced Oxidative Imbalance in Neutrophils: Possible Protective Role of Nanoconjugated Vancomycin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhankari Prasad Chakraborty ◽  
Panchanan Pramanik ◽  
Somenath Roy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Cellular Components

Staphylococcus aureus infection causes oxidative stress in neutrophils. The immune cells use reactive oxygen species (ROS) for carrying out their normal functions while an excess amount of ROS can attack cellular components that lead to cell damage. The present study was aimed to test the protective role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against vancomycin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (VSSA) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infection induced oxidative stress in neutrophils. VSSA- and VRSA-infection were developed in Swiss mice by intraperitoneal injection of 5×106 CFU/mL bacterial solutions. Nanoconjugated vancomycin was treated to VSSA- and VRSA-infected mice at its effective dose for 10 days. Vancomycin was treated to VSSA and VRSA infected mice at similar dose, respectively, for 10 days. The result reveals that in vivo VSSA and VRSA infection significantly increases the level of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, oxidized glutathione level, and nitrite generation and decreases the level of reduced glutathione, antioxidant enzyme status, and glutathione-dependent enzymes as compared to control group; which were increased or decreased significantly near to normal in nanoconjugated vancomycin-treated group. These finding suggests the potential use and beneficial protective role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VSSA and VRSA infection induced oxidative imbalance in neutrophils.

scholarly journals Calcineurin subunit B is involved in shell regeneration in Haliotis diversicolor

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10662
Author(s):  
Tiranan Buddawong ◽  
Somluk Asuvapongpatana ◽  
Chanyatip Suwannasing ◽  
Valainipha Habuddha ◽  
Chompoonut Sukonset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Haliotis Diversicolor ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Shell Regeneration ◽  
Regeneration Experiment ◽  
Subunit B

Abalone shells are mainly composed of two major polymorphs of CaCO3 that are distributed in different layers of the shell. The process of shell biomineralization is controlled by genes and proteins expressed within the mantle epithelium. In this present paper, we conducted a shell regeneration experiment to study the role of HcCNA and HcCNB (individual subunits of calcineurin) in shell biomineralization in H. diversicolor. The results of qPCR showed that HcCNB is upregulated to a greater extent than HcCNA in the mantle after shell notching. In vivo study of the effects of rHcCNB injection showed a significantly higher percentage of regenerated shell length, but not area, in the injected group compared to the control group. In addition, SEM observation of the inner surface of the regenerated shells revealed three different zones including prismatic, nacreous, and a distinct transition zone. Changes in the crystal organization and ultrastructure are clearly evident in these three zones, particularly after 3 weeks of rHcCNB administration. We hypothesize that this is due to faster biomineralization rates in the rHcCNB treated group. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HcCNB participates in shell regeneration in H. diversicolor. As calcineurin subunits have also been implicated in shell formation in bivalves, these findings suggest that calcineurin subunits may play important roles in biomineralization in all conchiferans.

scholarly journals Amelioratory Effect of Nanoconjugated Vancomycin on Spleen during VRSA-Induced Oxidative Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhankari Prasad Chakraborty ◽  
Santanu KarMahapatra ◽  
Sumanta Kumar Sahu ◽  
Panchanan Pramanik ◽  
Somenath Roy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Potential Use

Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible antioxidant effects of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VRSA infection on select makers of oxidative damage and antioxidant status in spleen. Methods. A coagulase-positive VRSA strain was used for this study. VRSA infection was developed in Swiss mice by intraperitoneal injection of 5 × 106 CFU/mL bacterial solutions. VRSA-infected mice were treated with nanoconjugated vancomycin at its effective dose for 10 days. After decapitation, blood was used for determination of viable bacteria count and spleen was excised from control and experimental groups, homogenized and used for different biochemical estimations. Results. Nitrate level, myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, oxidized glutathione, and DNA fragmentation level were increased significantly (P<0.05) in spleen of VRSA-infected group as compared to control group, and reduced glutathione level, activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST were decreased significantly (P<0.05); which were increased or decreased significantly (P<0.05) near to normal in nanoconjugated vancomycin-treated group. Conclusion. These findings suggest the potential use and beneficial role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VRSA-infection-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in spleen.

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