scholarly journals Localization of primordial germ cells or their precursors in stage X blastoderm of chickens and their ability to differentiate into functional gametes in opposite-sex recipient gonads

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Naito ◽  
A Sano ◽  
Y Matsubara ◽  
T Harumi ◽  
T Tagami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
White Leghorn Chicken ◽  
Central Disc ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Blastodermal Cells

This study was performed to determine the distribution of primordial germ cells and their precursors in stage X blastoderm of chickens. The blastoderm (Barred Plymouth Rock chickens) isolated from the yolk was separated into three portions: the central disc, the marginal zone and the area opaca. The dissociated blastodermal cells derived from the central disc, marginal zone and area opaca were transferred into a recipient blastoderm (White Leghorn chicken) from which a cell cluster was removed from the centre of the central disc. The manipulated embryos were cultured in host eggshells until hatching. The chicks were raised until sexual maturity and test mated with Barred Plymouth Rock chickens to assess the donor cell contribution to the recipient germline. Germline chimaeric chickens were produced efficiently (46.7%, 7/15) when the blastodermal cells derived from the central disc were transferred into recipient embryos of the same sex, whereas no germline chimaeric chickens were produced when the blastodermal cells derived from the marginal zone or area opaca were transferred into recipient embryos of the same sex (0/12). Germline chimaeric chickens were also produced by transfer of blastodermal cells derived from the central disc (6.7%, 1/15), marginal zone (10.0%, 1/10) or area opaca (11.1%, 1/9) into recipient embryos of the opposite sex. It is concluded that primordial germ cells are induced during or shortly after stage X and that the cells derived from the central disc have the highest potential to give rise to germ cells. Cells derived from the marginal zone and area opaca can also give rise to germ cells, although the frequency is low.

Primordial germ cells of the young chick blastoderm originate from the central zone of the area pellucida irrespective of the embryo-forming process

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ginsburg ◽  
H. Eyal-Giladi
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Chick Blastoderm ◽  
Central Disc ◽  
Axis Of Symmetry ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Area Pellucida

Early chick blastoderms (stages X-XII) were divided by a circular cut into two fragments. In one experimental group, the area opaca was separated from the marginal zone and the central disc of the area pellucida, while in another group the area opaca plus marginal zone were separated from the central disc. Other blastoderms of equivalent stages were each cut into three strips of equal size (either perpendicular or parallel to the axis of symmetry). The fragments were isolated and incubated for 43–48 h after which they were PAS-stained, whole-mounted and checked for the presence of primordial germ cells (PGCs). The results showed that most of the PGCs originated from the central disc and not from the periphery of the area pellucida and that they segregated from this zone even if no embryonic axis developed in the explant. In such cases, the PGCs were found to be dispersed throughout the entire explant, usually in association with forming blood islands. When an axis did develop in the explant, the PGCs were found to be concentrated around its anterior end, in a pattern resembling the germinal crescent. No indication of a quantitative regulation of PGCs was found in the explants and the sum of PGCs, calculated for the complementary fragments of a blastoderm, matched the range of numbers in control blastoderms. Our results suggest that PGCs may already be determined as early as stage X and that their further differentiation is independent of the embryo-forming process.

scholarly journals Interactions between Germ Cells and Extracellular Matrix Glycoproteins during Migration and Gonad Assembly in the Mouse Embryo

1997 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín I. García-Castro ◽  
Robert Anderson ◽  
Janet Heasman ◽  
Christopher Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Combinatorial Mechanism ◽  
Cell Surface Proteoglycan ◽  
Strength Of Adhesion

Cells are known to bind to individual extracellular matrix glycoproteins in a complex and poorly understood way. Overall strength of adhesion is thought to be mediated by a combinatorial mechanism, involving adhesion of a cell to a variety of binding sites on the target glycoproteins. During migration in embryos, cells must alter their overall adhesiveness to the substrate to allow locomotion. The mechanism by which this is accomplished is not well understood. During early development, the cells destined to form the gametes, the primordial germ cells (PGCs), migrate from the developing hind gut to the site where the gonad will form. We have used whole-mount immunocytochemistry to study the changing distribution of three extracellular matrix glycoproteins, collagen IV, fibronectin, and laminin, during PGC migration and correlated this with quantitative assays of adhesiveness of PGCs to each of these. We show that PGCs change their strength of adhesion to each glycoprotein differentially during these stages. Furthermore, we show that PGCs interact with a discrete tract of laminin at the end of migration. Closer analysis of the adhesion of PGCs to laminin revealed that PGCs adhere particularly strongly to the E3 domain of laminin, and blocking experiments in vitro suggest that they adhere to this domain using a cell surface proteoglycan.

A study of meiosis in chimeric mouse fetal gonads

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
S. Dolci ◽  
M. De Felici
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Chimeric Mouse ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Meiotic Progression ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Fetal Ovary ◽  
Host Tissues

The influence of somatic environment on the onset and progression of meiosis in fetal germ cells was studied in chimeric gonads produced in vitro by dissociation-reaggregation experiments. Germ cells isolated from testes or ovaries of 11.5-13.5 days post coitum (dpc) CD-1 mouse embryos were loaded with the fluorescent supravital dye 5–6 carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimyl ester (CFSE) and mixed with a cell suspension obtained by trypsin-EDTA treatment of gonads of various ages and of the same or opposite sex. Whereas 11.5 dpc donor germ cells appeared unable to survive in the chimeric gonads obtained, about 76% of the CFSE-labeled female germ cells obtained from 12.5 dpc donor embryos (premeiotic germ cells) found viable within host ovarian tissues showed a meiotic nucleus. In contrast, a smaller number (about 19%) were in meiosis in chimeric testes. None or very few of donor male germ cells entered meiosis in testes or ovarian host tissues. Aggregation of meiotic 13.5 dpc female germ cells with testis tissues from 13.5 to 14.5 dpc embryos resulted in inhibition of meiotic progression and pyknosis in most donor germ cells. These results support the existence of a meiosis-preventing substance or a factor causing oocyte degeneration in the fetal mouse testis, but not of a meiosis-inducing substance in the fetal ovary.

Isolation, characteristics, and long-term culturing of chicken gonadal primordial germ cells and blastodermal cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 423 (1) ◽  
pp. 461-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Suraeva ◽  
E. A. Vorotelyak ◽  
M. I. Prokofiev ◽  
A. V. Samoilov ◽  
A. V. Vasiliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Blastodermal Cells

scholarly journals Fate of the Donor Blastodermal Cells Derived from the Central Disc, Marginal Zone and Area Opaca Transferred into the Recipient Embryos

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Naito ◽  
Akiko Sano ◽  
Yuko Matsubara ◽  
Takashi Harumi ◽  
Takahiro Tagami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Central Disc ◽  
Blastodermal Cells

Efficient system for preservation and regeneration of genetic resources in chicken: concurrent storage of primordial germ cells and live animals from early embryos of a rare indigenous fowl (Gifujidori)

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Nakamura ◽  
Fumitake Usui ◽  
Daichi Miyahara ◽  
Takafumi Mori ◽  
Tamao Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Early Embryos

The unique accessibility of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) during early development provides the opportunity to combine the reproduction of live animals with genetic conservation. Male and female Gifujidori fowl (GJ) PGCs were collected from the blood of early embryos, and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for >6 months until transfer. Manipulated GJ embryos were cultured until hatching; fertility tests indicated that they had normal reproductive abilities. Embryos from two lines of White Leghorn (24HS, ST) were used as recipients for chimera production following blood removal. The concentration of PGCs in the early embryonic blood of 24HS was significantly higher than in ST (P < 0.05). Frozen–thawed GJ PGCs were microinjected into the bloodstream of same-sex recipients. Offspring originating from GJ PGCs in ST recipients were obtained with a higher efficiency than those originating from GJ PGCs in 24HS recipients (23.3% v. 3.1%). Additionally, GJ progeny were successfully regenerated by crossing germline chimeras of the ST group. In conclusion, the cryogenic preservation of PGCs from early chicken embryos was combined with the conservation of live animals.

Hexachlorobenzene toxicity in the rat ovary: II. Ultrastructure induced by medium (10 mg/kg) dose exposure

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
Amreek Singh ◽  
Warren G. Foster ◽  
Anna Dykeman ◽  
David C. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Ovary Surface Epithelium ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
High Doses

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a known toxicant that is found in the environment as a by-product during manufacture of certain pesticides. This chlorinated chemical has been isolated from many tissues including ovary. When administered in high doses, HCB causes degeneration of primordial germ cells and ovary surface epithelium in sub-human primates. A purpose of this experiment was to determine a no-effect dose of the chemical on the rat ovary. The study is part of a comprehensive investigation on the effects of the compound on the biochemical, hematological, and morphological parameters in the monkey and rat.

Transfusion of Chick Primordial Germ Cells into Quail Embryos and their Settlement in Gonads

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamao ONO ◽  
Ryohei YOKOI ◽  
Seishi MAEDA ◽  
Takao NISHIDA ◽  
Hirohiko AOYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells
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