scholarly journals Decidual expression and regulation of Fatty acid desaturase 3 during mouse decidualization

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Lin ◽  
Yu-Yuan Zhu ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Jia-Mei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Expression Regulation ◽  
Implantation Site ◽  
Estrogen Regulation ◽  
Delayed Implantation ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
And Function

Decidualization is required for the successful establishment of pregnancy in rodents and primates. Fatty acid desaturase 3 (Fads3) belongs to the fatty acid desaturase family, which is a crucial enzymes for highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. However, the expression, regulation and function of Fads3 during early pregnancy in mice are still unknown. In this study, we examined Fads3 expression, regulation and function during mouse decidualization. The expression of Fads3 is detected in the subluminal stromal cells at implantation site on day 5 of pregnancy, but not at inter-implantation site and in day 5 pseudopregnant uteri. Compared to delayed implantation, Fads3 is strongly expressed after delayed implantation is activated by estrogen treatment. From days 6 to 8, Fads3 mRNA signals are significantly detected in the decidua. In ovariectomized mice, estrogen significantly stimulates Fads3 expression. However, estrogen has no effect on Fads3 expression in ovariectomized ERα deficient mice, suggesting that estrogen regulation on Fads3 expression is ERα-dependent. When ovariectomized mice were treated with progesterone, Fads3 expression is significantly increased by progesterone. Progesterone stimulation on Fads3 expression is also detected in cultured stromal cells, which is abrogated by RU486 treatment. These data indicate that progesterone upregulation on Fads3 expression is progesterone receptor-dependent. Fads3 knockdown by siRNA reduces in vitro decidualization of mouse stromal cells. Taken together, Fads3 may play an important role during mouse decidualization.

scholarly journals HB-EGF regulates Prss56 expression during mouse decidualization via EGFR/ERK/EGR2 signaling pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Yue-Fang Liu ◽  
Hai-Ting Dou ◽  
Jia-Qi Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Implantation Site ◽  
Mouse Uterus ◽  
Delayed Implantation ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
And Function ◽  
Key Steps

Embryo implantation and decidualization are key steps for successful reproduction. Although numerous factors have been identified to be involved in embryo implantation and decidualization, the mechanisms underlying these processes are still unclear. Based on our preliminary data, Prss56, a trypsin-like serine protease, is strongly expressed at implantation site in mouse uterus. However, the expression, regulation and function of Prss56 during early pregnancy are still unknown. In mouse uterus, Prss56 is strongly expressed in the subluminal stromal cells at implantation site on day 5 of pregnancy compared to inter-implantation site. Under delayed implantation, Prss56 expression is undetected. After delayed implantation is activated by estrogen, Prss56 is obviously induced at implantation site. Under artificial decidualization, Prss56 signal is seen at the primary decidual zone at the initial stage of artificial decidualization. When stromal cells are induced for in vitro decidualization, Prss56 expression is significantly elevated. Dtprp expression under in vitro decidualization is suppressed by Prss56 siRNA. In cultured stromal cells, HB-EGF markedly stimulates Prss56 expression through EGFR/ERK pathway. Based on promoter analysis, we also showed that Egr2 is involved in Prss56 regulation by HB-EGF. Collectively, Prss56 expression at implantation site is modulated by HB-EGF/EGFR/ERK signaling pathway and involved in mouse decidualization.

scholarly journals Structure and Function of Δ9-Fatty Acid Desaturase

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohjiro Nagao ◽  
Akira Murakami ◽  
Masato Umeda
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Yeast Δ12 Fatty Acid Desaturase: Gene Cloning, Expression, and Function

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko WATANABE ◽  
Takahiro OURA ◽  
Hiromichi SAKAI ◽  
Susumu KAJIWARA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gene Cloning ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Desaturase Gene ◽  
And Function ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene

scholarly journals Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Czumaj ◽  
Tomasz Śledziński
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturases ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Expression And Activity

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered one of the most important components of cells that influence normal development and function of many organisms, both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Unsaturated fatty acid desaturases play a crucial role in the synthesis of PUFAs, inserting additional unsaturated bonds into the acyl chain. The level of expression and activity of different types of desaturases determines profiles of PUFAs. It is well recognized that qualitative and quantitative changes in the PUFA profile, resulting from alterations in the expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases, are associated with many pathological conditions. Understanding of underlying mechanisms of fatty acid desaturase activity and their functional modification will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies in diseases associated with qualitative and quantitative disorders of PUFA.

scholarly journals Understanding and exploiting the fatty acid desaturation system in Rhodotorula toruloides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbin Liu ◽  
Chong Mei John Koh ◽  
Sihui Amy Yap ◽  
Lin Cai ◽  
Lianghui Ji
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

Abstract Background Rhodotorula toruloides is a robust producer of triacylglycerol owing to its fast growth rate and strong metabolic flux under conditions of high cell density fermentation. However, the molecular basis of fatty acid biosynthesis, desaturation and regulation remain elusive.Results We present the molecular characterization of four fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes in R. toruloides. Biosynthesis of oleic acid (OA) and palmitoleic acid (POA) was conferred by a single-copy ∆9 Fad (Ole1) as targeted deletion of which abolished the biosynthesis of all unsaturated fatty acids. Conversion of OA to linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) was predominantly catalyzed by the bifunctional ∆12/∆15 Fad2. FAD4 was found to encode a trifunctional ∆9/∆12/∆15 FAD, playing important roles in lipid and biomass production as well as stress resistance. Furthermore, an abundantly transcribed OLE1-related gene, OLE2 encoding a 149-aa protein, was shown to regulate Ole1 regioselectivity. Like other fungi, the transcription of FAD genes was controlled by nitrogen levels and fatty acids in the medium. A conserved DNA motif, (T/C)(G/A)TTGCAGA(T/C)CCCAG, was demonstrated to mediate the transcription of OLE1 by POA/OA. The applications of these FAD genes were illustrated by engineering high level production of OA and g-linolenic acid (GLA). Conclusion Our work has gained novel insights on the transcriptional regulation of FAD genes, evolution of FAD enzymes and their roles in UFA biosynthesis, membrane stress resistance and, cell mass and total fatty acid production. Our findings should illuminate fatty acid metabolic engineering in R. toruloides and beyond.

scholarly journals Understanding and exploiting the fatty acid desaturation system in Rhodotorula toruloides

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbin Liu ◽  
Chong Mei John Koh ◽  
Sihui Amy Yap ◽  
Lin Cai ◽  
Lianghui Ji
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

Abstract Background Rhodotorula toruloides is a robust producer of triacylglycerol owing to its fast growth rate and strong metabolic flux under conditions of high cell density fermentation. However, the molecular basis of fatty acid biosynthesis, desaturation and regulation remains elusive. Results We present the molecular characterization of four fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes in R. toruloides. Biosynthesis of oleic acid (OA) and palmitoleic acid (POA) was conferred by a single-copy ∆9 Fad (Ole1) as targeted deletion of which abolished the biosynthesis of all unsaturated fatty acids. Conversion of OA to linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) was predominantly catalyzed by the bifunctional ∆12/∆15 Fad2. FAD4 was found to encode a trifunctional ∆9/∆12/∆15 FAD, playing important roles in lipid and biomass production as well as stress resistance. Furthermore, an abundantly transcribed OLE1-related gene, OLE2 encoding a 149-aa protein, was shown to regulate Ole1 regioselectivity. Like other fungi, the transcription of FAD genes was controlled by nitrogen levels and fatty acids in the medium. A conserved DNA motif, (T/C)(G/A)TTGCAGA(T/C)CCCAG, was demonstrated to mediate the transcription of OLE1 by POA/OA. The applications of these FAD genes were illustrated by engineering high-level production of OA and γ-linolenic acid (GLA). Conclusion Our work has gained novel insights on the transcriptional regulation of FAD genes, evolution of FAD enzymes and their roles in UFA biosynthesis, membrane stress resistance and, cell mass and total fatty acid production. Our findings should illuminate fatty acid metabolic engineering in R. toruloides and beyond.

scholarly journals Cyanophage-encoded lipid-desaturases: oceanic distribution, diversity and function

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Roitman ◽  
Ellen Hornung ◽  
José Flores-Uribe ◽  
Itai Sharon ◽  
Ivo Feussner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturases ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiling ◽  
And Function ◽  
Auxiliary Metabolic Genes

AbstractCyanobacteria are among the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in the oceans; viruses infecting cyanobacteria (cyanophages) can alter cyanobacterial populations, and therefore affect the local food web and global biochemical cycles. These phages carry auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), which rewire various metabolic pathways in the infected host cell, resulting in increased phage fitness. Coping with stress resulting from photodamage appears to be a central necessity of cyanophages, yet the overall mechanism is poorly understood. Here we report a novel, widespread cyanophage AMG, encoding a fatty acid desaturase (FAD), found in two genotypes with distinct geographical distribution. FADs are capable of modulating the fluidity of the host’s membrane, a fundamental stress response in living cells. We show that both viral fatty acid desaturases (vFADs) families are Δ9 lipid desaturases, catalyzing the desaturation at carbon 9 in C16 fatty acid chains. In addition, we present the first fatty acid profiling for marine cyanobacteria, which suggests a unique desaturation pathway of medium to long chain fatty acids no longer than C16, in accordance to the vFADs activity. Our findings suggest that cyanophages fiddle with the infected host’s cell, leading to increased photoprotection and potentially enhancing viral-encoded photosynthetic proteins, resulting in a new viral metabolic network.

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