scholarly journals Effects of NRF1 on steroidogenesis and apoptosis in goat luteinized granulosa cells

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Min Zhang ◽  
Ming-Tian Deng ◽  
Zhi-Hai Lei ◽  
Yong-Jie Wan ◽  
Hai-Tao Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Mtdna Copy Number ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Nuclear Respiratory Factor ◽  
Mitochondrial Transcription Factor

During goat follicular development, abnormal expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) in granulosa cells may drive follicular atresia with unknown regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of NRF1 on steroidogenesis and cell apoptosis by overexpressing or silencing it in goat luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs). Results showed that knockdown of NRF1 expression significantly inhibited the expression of STAR and CYP19A1, which are involved in sex steroid hormones synthesis, and led to lower estrogen levels. Knockdown of NRF1 resulted in an increased percentage of apoptosis, probably due to the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, accompanied by upregulating mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis-related markers BAX, caspase 3 and caspase 9. These data indicate that NRF1 might be related with steroidogenesis and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, NRF1 silence reduced mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) transcription activity, mtDNA copy number and ATP level. Simultaneously, knockdown of NRF1 suppressed the transcription and translation levels of SOD, GPx and CAT, decreased glutathione level and increased 8-OHdG level. However, the overexpression of NRF1 in LGCs or gain of TFAM in NRF1 silenced LGCs increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis, and elevated the antioxidant stress system and steroids synthesis. Taken together, aberrant expression of NRF1 could induce mitochondrial dysfunction and disturb the cellular redox balance, which lead to disturbance of steroid hormone synthesis, and trigger LGC apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway. These findings will be helpful for understanding the role of NRF1 in goat ovarian follicular development and atresia.

scholarly journals Activation of Steroidogenesis, Anti-Apoptotic Activity, and Proliferation in Porcine Granulosa Cells by RUNX1 Is Negatively Regulated by H3K27me3 Transcriptional Repression

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Yuyi Zhong ◽  
Liying Li ◽  
Yingting He ◽  
Bo He ◽  
Zhonghui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Porcine Granulosa Cells ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

H3K27me3 is an epigenetic modification that results in the repression of gene transcription. The transcription factor RUNX1 (the runt-related transcription factor 1) influences granulosa cells’ growth and ovulation. This research uses ELISA, flow cytometry, EDU, ChIP-PCR, WB and qPCR to investigate steroidogenesis, cell apoptosis, and the proliferation effect of RUNX1 in porcine granulosa cells (pGCs) as regulated by H3K27me3. Decreased H3K27me3 stimulates the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes, including CYP11A1, PTGS2, and STAR, as well as prostaglandin. H3K27me3 transcriptionally represses RUNX1 here, whereas RUNX1 acts as an activator of FSHR, CYP11A1, and CYP19A1, promoting the production of androgen, estrogen, and prostaglandin, as well as increasing anti-apoptotic and cell proliferation activity, but decreasing progesterone. Both the complementary recovery of the H3K27me3 antagonist with the siRUNX1 signal, and the H3K27me3 agonist with the RUNX1 signal to maintain RUNX1 lead to the activation of CYP19A1, ER1, HSD17β4, and STAR here. Androgen and prostaglandin are significantly repressed but progesterone is markedly increased with the antagonist and siRUNX1. Prostaglandin is significantly promoted with the agonist and RUNX1. Furthermore, H3K27me3-RUNX1 affects the anti-apoptotic activity and stimulation of proliferation in pGCs. The present work verifies the transcriptional suppression of RUNX1 by H3K27me3 during antral follicular development and maturation, which determines the levels of hormone synthesis and cell apoptosis and proliferation in the pGC microenvironment.

scholarly journals MiR-26a promotes apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells by targeting the 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24-reductase gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Qiangqiang Tao ◽  
Jinnan Shang ◽  
Yiliang Xu ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Regulatory Relationship ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

Objective: Apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) affects mammalian follicular development and fecundity. This study aimed to explore the regulatory relationship between microRNA-26a (miR-26a) and the 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24-reductase gene (<i>DHCR24</i>) gene in porcine follicular granular cells (pGCs), and to provide empirical data for the development of methods to improve the reproductive capacity of pigs.Methods: The pGCs were transfected with miR-26a mimic, miR-26a inhibitor and <i>DHCR24</i>-siRNA <i>in vitro</i>. The cell apoptosis rate of pGCs was detected by the flow cytometry. The secretion levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in pGCs were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Double luciferase validation system was used to detect the binding sites between miR-26a and <i>DHCR24</i> 3′-UTR region. Qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to verify the <i>DHCR24</i> mRNA and protein expression in pGCs, respectively, after transfecting with miR-26a mimic and miR-26a inhibitor.Results: Results showed that enhancement of miR-26a promoted apoptosis, and inhibited E2 and P secretion in pGCs. Meanwhile, inhibition of <i>DHCR24</i> also upregulated the Caspase-3 expression, reduced the BCL-2 expression, promoted pGCs apoptosis, and inhibited E2 and P secretion in pGCs. There were the binding sites of miR-26a located within <i>DHCR24</i> 3′-UTR. Up-regulation of miR-26a inhibited <i>DHCR24</i> mRNA and protein expression in pGCs.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that miR-26a can promote cell apoptosis and inhibit E2 and P secretion by inhibiting the expression of <i>DHCR24</i> in pGCs.

MiR-31 and miR-143 affect steroid hormone synthesis and inhibit cell apoptosis in bovine granulosa cells through FSHR

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Cheng-Zhen Chen ◽  
Ming-Qiang Xu ◽  
Li-Qun Zhang ◽  
Jian-Bo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Synthesis

Exosomal miR-143-3p Derived from PCOS Follicular Fluid Induces Granulosa Cell Apoptosis by Targeting BMPR1A and Suppression of Smad1/5/8 Signaling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Shuhong Pan ◽  
Yunying Li ◽  
Xiaohua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Exosomal Mirna

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorders disease in women of reproductive age. The anovulation caused by abnormal follicular development is still the main characteristic of infertile patients with PCOS. Granulosa cells (GCs), an important component of follicular microenvironment, affect follicular development through GCs dysfunction. Increasing evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs derived from follicular fluid (FF) of patients play critical roles during PCOS. However, which and how follicular fluid derived exosomal miRNAs play a pivotal role in controlling granulosa cells function and consequently follicular development remain largely unknown. Herein, we showed that miR-143-3p is highly expressed in follicular fluid exosomes of PCOS patients and can be delivered into granulosa cells. Furthermore, the functional experiments showed that the translocated miR-143-3p promoted granulosa cell apoptosis, which are important in follicle development. In terms of mechanism, we demonstrated that BMPR1A was identified as a direct target of miR-143-3p. Overexpression of BMPR1A reversed the effects of exosomal miR-143-3p on GCs apoptosis and proliferation by activating Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that miR-143-3p-containing exosomes derived from PCOS follicular fluid promoted granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting BMPR1A and blockading Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. Our findings provide a novel mechanism underlying the roles of exosomal-miRNA in follicular fluid of PCOS and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for PCOS.

scholarly journals Cangfudaotan Decoction Alleviates Insulin Resistance and Improves Follicular Development in Rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome via IGF-1-PI3K/Akt-Bax/Bcl-2 Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Chenye Wang ◽  
Caifei Ding ◽  
Zhoujia Hua ◽  
Chunyue Chen ◽  
Jia Yu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Granular Cells ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder prevalent in females of reproductive age; insulin resistance (IR) is the major pathogenic driver. Pharmacology is a basic option for PCOS therapy; traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as a significant part of complementary and alternative medicine, has a long history in the clinical management of PCOS. Cangfudaotan decoction (CFD) has been used clinically for gynaecological diseases especially PCOS. In this study, first, chemical components in CFD were clarified using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis. Then, an animal model of PCOS was established, granular cells were also isolated from the rats with PCOS, and CFD was administrated at different dosages in PCOS rats and granular cells, to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of CFD for PCOS treatment. The result showed that CFD treatment is effective in PCOS rats and granulosa cells. CFD was able to improve IR, restore the serum hormone levels, inhibit the inflammatory cytokines in PCOS rat, and alleviate ovary morphological injury and apoptosis in PCOS rats. In granulosa cells of PCOS, the result showed that the cell viability was improved, and cell apoptosis was inhibited after CFD administration. Further experiments suggested that CDF improves IR, follicular development, cell apoptosis, and inflammatory microenvironment, and this was associated to the regulation of IGF-1-PI3K/Akt-Bax/Bcl-2 pathway-mediated gene expression. Given that CFD sufficiently suppresses insulin resistance and improves follicular development in this study, exploring these mechanisms might help to optimize the therapeutic treatment of CFD in PCOS patients.

miR-130a-3p regulates steroid hormone synthesis in goat ovarian granulosa cells by targeting the PMEPA1 gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Lu Zhu ◽  
Jing Jing ◽  
Shuaiqi Qin ◽  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Jiani Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Ovarian Granulosa Cells

scholarly journals MicroRNA Mediating Networks in Granulosa Cells Associated with Ovarian Follicular Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoyun Zhang ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Guangde Feng ◽  
Wei Xiang ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Selection Of

Ovaries, which provide a place for follicular development and oocyte maturation, are important organs in female mammals. Follicular development is complicated physiological progress mediated by various regulatory factors including microRNAs (miRNAs). To demonstrate the role of miRNAs in follicular development, this study analyzed the expression patterns of miRNAs in granulosa cells through investigating three previous datasets generated by Illumina miRNA deep sequencing. Furthermore, via bioinformatic analyses, we dissected the associated functional networks of the observed significant miRNAs, in terms of interacting with signal pathways and transcription factors. During the growth and selection of dominant follicles, 15 dysregulated miRNAs and 139 associated pathways were screened out. In comparison of different styles of follicles, 7 commonly abundant miRNAs and 195 pathways, as well as 10 differentially expressed miRNAs and 117 pathways in dominant follicles in comparison with subordinate follicles, were collected. Furthermore, SMAD2 was identified as a hub factor in regulating follicular development. The regulation of miR-26a/b onsmad2messenger RNA has been further testified by real time PCR. In conclusion, we established functional networks which play critical roles in follicular development including pivotal miRNAs, pathways, and transcription factors, which contributed to the further investigation about miRNAs associated with mammalian follicular development.

scholarly journals AKT is involved in granulosa cell autophagy regulation via mTOR signaling during rat follicular development and atresia

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
JongYeob Choi ◽  
MinWha Jo ◽  
EunYoung Lee ◽  
DooSeok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Akt Inhibitor ◽  
Western Blots

In this study, we examined whether granulosa cell autophagy during follicular development and atresia was regulated by the class I phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, which is known to control the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a major negative regulator of autophagy. Ovaries and granulosa cells were obtained using an established gonadotropin-primed immature rat model that induces follicular development and atresia. Autophagy was evaluated by measuring the expression level of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II) using western blots and immunohistochemistry. The activity of AKT and mTOR was also examined by observing the phosphorylation of AKT and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) respectively. After gonadotropin injection, LC3-II expression was suppressed and phosphorylation of AKT and S6K increased in rat granulosa cells. By contrast, gonadotropin withdrawal by metabolic clearance promoted LC3-II expression and decreased phosphorylation of AKT and S6K. In addition,in-vitroFSH treatment of rat granulosa cells also indicated inhibition of LC3-II expression accompanied by a marked increase in phosphorylation of AKT and S6K. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation using AKT inhibitor VIII suppressed FSH-mediated phosphorylation of S6K, followed by an increase in LC3-II expression. Furthermore, co-treatment with FSH and AKT inhibitor increased the levels of apoptosis and cell death of granulosa cells compared with the single treatment with FSH. Taken together, our findings indicated that AKT-mediated activation of mTOR suppresses granulosa cell autophagy during follicular development and is involved in the regulation of apoptotic cell death.

scholarly journals The effects of IGF-I on bovine follicle development and IGFBP-2 expression are dose and stage dependent

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty A Walters ◽  
John P Binnie ◽  
Bruce K Campbell ◽  
David G Armstrong ◽  
Evelyn E Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Igf I

This study aimed to determine the effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on early antral bovine follicular development, and the expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2). Antral follicles separated into three different size groups were cultured for 6 days in medium supplemented with either a low (10 ng/ml) or high (1 μg/ml) dose of human recombinant IGF-I. Oestradiol production by follicles in all size ranges, cultured in the presence of the high concentration of IGF-I, significantly increased by day 6 (P < 0.05). Follicles in the smallest size range, 165–215 μm, cultured in a high dose of IGF-I, were found to be significantly increased in size (P < 0.01). Oocyte health of the largest follicles (281–380 μm) was significantly improved by the addition of IGF-I to the culture medium. mRNA expression of IGFBP-2 was decreased in the granulosa cells of follicles, size range 216–280 μm, cultured with a high dose of IGF-I (P < 0.05). Granulosa cells (P < 0.05) and oocytes (P < 0.01) of the largest follicles (281–380 μm) showed a decrease in IGFBP-2 expression (protein) when cultured in the control and low-IGF-I treatment groups. Therefore, the response of a bovine follicle to IGF-I is both dose and stage dependent. This work supports a role for IGF-I in modulating somatic and germ-cell maturation and development in early antral follicles. Furthermore, the inverse relationship between the level of IGF-I stimulation and IGFBP-2 expression suggests a local regulatory system modulating IGF-I availability.

Identification of Gαs messenger ribonucleic acid splice variants in human granulosa cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G N Europe-Finner ◽  
E Cartwright ◽  
J Bellinger ◽  
H J Mardon ◽  
D H Barlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Mrna Isoforms ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid

ABSTRACT Granulosa cells are essential for follicular development and corpus luteum formation and their functions are regulated by gonadotrophins through G protein-coupled receptors. The dominant second messenger pathway involves the stimulation of cyclic AMP formation by Gαs-linked receptors. In this paper we have investigated the expression of Gαs mRNA splice variants in relation to expression of Gαs protein isoforms in granulosa cells obtained from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. We have carried out ribonuclease protection assays using cRNA riboprobes which are capable of detecting all Gαs mRNA isoforms as well as quantifying total amounts of Gαs mRNA. Granulosa cells express the message for Gαs-Large and Gαs-Small and the presence of two distinct protein products was confirmed by immunoblotting using the antibody RM/1. Moreover, the data show that a significant fraction of Gαs-Large and Gαs-Small mRNAs contain an extra CAG codon. This should generate proteins with an extra serine residue, resulting in Gαs variants with the consensus sequence of a protein kinase C phosphorylation site. These results highlight the possible interaction between different signalling pathways in the control of cAMP production and the need to investigate the relationship between Gαs variants and different adenylyl cyclase isozymes in patients with normal and abnormal ovarian function.

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