scholarly journals MicroRNA Mediating Networks in Granulosa Cells Associated with Ovarian Follicular Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoyun Zhang ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Guangde Feng ◽  
Wei Xiang ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Selection Of

Ovaries, which provide a place for follicular development and oocyte maturation, are important organs in female mammals. Follicular development is complicated physiological progress mediated by various regulatory factors including microRNAs (miRNAs). To demonstrate the role of miRNAs in follicular development, this study analyzed the expression patterns of miRNAs in granulosa cells through investigating three previous datasets generated by Illumina miRNA deep sequencing. Furthermore, via bioinformatic analyses, we dissected the associated functional networks of the observed significant miRNAs, in terms of interacting with signal pathways and transcription factors. During the growth and selection of dominant follicles, 15 dysregulated miRNAs and 139 associated pathways were screened out. In comparison of different styles of follicles, 7 commonly abundant miRNAs and 195 pathways, as well as 10 differentially expressed miRNAs and 117 pathways in dominant follicles in comparison with subordinate follicles, were collected. Furthermore, SMAD2 was identified as a hub factor in regulating follicular development. The regulation of miR-26a/b onsmad2messenger RNA has been further testified by real time PCR. In conclusion, we established functional networks which play critical roles in follicular development including pivotal miRNAs, pathways, and transcription factors, which contributed to the further investigation about miRNAs associated with mammalian follicular development.

scholarly journals Alternative Splicing of Transcription Factors' Genes: Beyond the Increase of Proteome Diversity

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Talavera ◽  
Modesto Orozco ◽  
Xavier de la Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Functional Families ◽  
Transcription Regulators ◽  
Alternatively Spliced ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human And Mouse

Functional modification of transcription regulators may lead to developmental changes and phenotypical differences between species. In this work, we study the influence of alternative splicing on transcription factors in human and mouse. Our results show that the impact of alternative splicing on transcription factors is similar in both species, meaning that the ways to increase variability should also be similar. However, when looking at the expression patterns of transcription factors, we observe that they tend to diverge regardless of the role of alternative splicing. Finally, we hypothesise that transcription regulation of alternatively spliced transcription factors could play an important role in the phenotypical differences between species, without discarding other phenomena or functional families.

scholarly journals Laminin-alpha6beta1 integrin interaction enhances survival and proliferation and modulates steroidogenesis of ovine granulosa cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Le Bellego ◽  
C Pisselet ◽  
C Huet ◽  
P Monget ◽  
D Monniaux
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Beta 1 Integrin ◽  
Arginine Glycine Aspartic Acid

This study aimed to determine the physiological role of laminin (LN) and its receptor, alpha(6)beta(1) integrin, in controlling the functions of granulosa cells (GC) during follicular development in sheep ovary. Immunohistochemistry experiments showed the presence of increasing levels of LN (P<0.0001), and high levels of mature alpha(6)beta(1) integrin in GC layers of healthy antral follicles during the follicular and the preovulatory phases of the estrous cycle. In vitro, the addition of a function-blocking antibody raised against alpha(6) subunit (anti-alpha(6) IgG) to the medium of ovine GC cultured on LN impaired cell spreading (P<0.0001), decreased the proliferation rate (P<0.05) and increased the apoptosis rate (P<0.05). Furthermore, addition of anti-alpha(6) IgG enhanced estradiol (E2) secretion by GC in the presence or absence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone or insulin-like growth factor-I in culture medium (P<0.0001), and inhibited progesterone (P4) secretion in basal conditions or in the presence of low (0.5 ng/ml) FSH concentrations only (P<0.0001). The anti-alpha(6) IgG effect was specific to an interaction of LN with alpha(6)beta(1) integrin since it was ineffective on GC cultured on heat-denatured LN, RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) peptides and non-coated substratum. Hence, this study established that alpha(6)beta(1) integrin 1) was expressed in GC of antral follicles, 2) mediated the actions of LN on survival, proliferation and steroidogenesis of GC, and 3) was able to dramatically modulate P4 and E2 secretion by GC in vitro. It is suggested that during the follicular and the preovulatory phases of the estrous cycle, the increasing levels of LN in GC of large antral follicles might support their final development to ovulation.

509. REGULATING MURINE FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT BY STIMULATION OF THE JAK2/STAT3 SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
R. A. Keightley ◽  
B. Nixon ◽  
S. D. Roman ◽  
D. L. Russell ◽  
R. L. Robker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Stat3 Signalling

Follicular development requires the recruitment of primordial follicles into the growing follicle pool following initiation of multiple cytokine signalling pathways. Suppression of follicular development is thought to be key to maintaining the population of primordial follicles and allowing for controlled release of these follicles throughout the reproductive lifespan of the female. However, little is known of the processes and signalling molecules that suppress primordial follicle activation and early follicle growth. Our group has identified significant upregulation of the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling pathway inhibitor the Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling 4 (SOCS4) that coincides with the initial wave of follicular activation in theneonatal mouse ovary. Further studies by our group have localised the SOCS4 protein to the granulosa cells of activating and growing follicles, suggesting SOCS4 expression may be linked to follicular activation. We have focused on examining protein localisation and gene expression patterns of the eight SOCS family members CIS and SOCS1-7. We have recently demonstrated that co-culture of neonatal ovaries with Kit Ligand (KL) for 2 days increases the mRNA levels of all SOCS genes. We also demonstrated the co-localisation of SOCS2 proteins with the KL receptor c-kit in the mural granulosa cells of antral, and large pre-antral follicles suggesting a significant role for SOCS2 in the later stages of follicular development. We have also shown that culturing ovaries with the potent JAK2 inhibitor AG490 substantially reduces mRNA levels of all SOCS and STAT genes that we have so far measured. We hypothesise a significant role for JAK2/STAT3 signalling in promoting the activation and early growth of ovarian follicles. Our investigations have identified significant roles for JAK2/STAT3 and the SOCS family in the regulation of ovarian follicle development.

scholarly journals Identification of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs and Their Potential Target Genes in Adipose Tissue from Pigs with Highly Divergent Backfat Thickness

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Kai Xing ◽  
Xitong Zhao ◽  
Yibing Liu ◽  
Fengxia Zhang ◽  
Zhen Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas

Fatty traits are very important in pig production. However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in fat deposition is not clearly understood. In this study, we compared adipose miRNAs from three full-sibling pairs of female Landrace pigs, with high and low backfat thickness, to investigate the associated regulatory network. We obtained an average of 17.29 million raw reads from six libraries, 62.27% of which mapped to the pig reference genome. A total of 318 pig miRNAs were detected among the samples. Among them, 18 miRNAs were differentially expressed (p-value < 0.05, |log2fold change| ≥ 1) between the high and low backfat groups; 6 were up-regulated and 12 were down-regulated. Functional enrichment of the predicted target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs, indicated that these miRNAs were involved mainly in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism. Comprehensive analysis of the mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes revealed possible regulatory relationships for fat deposition. Negatively correlated mRNA–miRNA pairs included miR-137–PPARGC1A, miR-141–FASN, and miR-122-5p–PKM, indicating these interactions may be key regulators of fat deposition. Our findings provide important insights into miRNA expression patterns in the backfat tissue of pig and new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fat deposition in pig.

Expression profiling of primary cultured buffalo granulosa cells from different follicular size in comparison with their in vivo counterpart

Zygote ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Ahmed S.A. Sosa ◽  
Sally Ibrahim ◽  
Karima Gh. M. Mahmoud ◽  
Mohamed M. Ayoub ◽  
Mohamed S.S. Abdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Follicular Size

SummaryThis study aimed to: (i) characterize cultured granulosa cells (GCs) from different follicle sizes morphologically and molecularly; and (ii) select a suitable model according to follicular size that maintained GC function during culture. Buffalo ovaries were collected from a slaughterhouse and follicles were classified morphologically into: first group ≤ 4 mm, second group 5–8 mm, third group 9–15 mm and fourth group 16–20 mm diameter. GC pellets were divided into two portions. The first portion served as the control fresh pellet, and the secondwas used for 1 week for GC culture. Total RNA was isolated, and qRT-PCR was performed to test for follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), cytochrome P450 19 (CYP19), luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (CASP3), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and phospholipase A2 group III (PLA2G3) mRNAs. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels in the culture supernatant and in follicular fluids were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Basic DMEM-F12 medium maintained the morphological appearance of cultured GCs. The relative abundance of FSHR, CYP19, and LHCGR mRNAs was 0.001 ≤ P ≤ 0.01 and decreased at the end of culture compared with the fresh pellet. There was a fine balance between expression patterns of the proliferation marker gene (PCNA) and the proapoptotic marker gene (CASP3). AMH mRNA was significantly increased (P < 0.001) in cultured GCs from small follicles, while cultured GCs from other three categories (5–8 mm, 9–15 mm and 16–20 mm) showed a clear reduction (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the relative abundance of PLA2G3 mRNA was significantly (P < 0.001) increased in all cultured GCs. E2 and P4 concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased in all cultured groups. Primary cultured GCs from small follicles could be a good model for better understanding follicular development in Egyptian buffaloes.

scholarly journals Role of calcification in aortic degeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
D. A. Kostina ◽  
V. E. Uspensky ◽  
D. S. Semenova ◽  
A. S. Kostina ◽  
N. V. Boyarskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Vascular Cells ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Biological Regulation

Vascular calcification is a widely-spread pathology with high mortality. It is active bioregulated process that is observed in pathogenesis of different desires, associated with metabolic dysfunction, congenital tissue desires and aging. Signal pathways and transcription factors that are involved in vascular calcification are also takes place in normal osteogenesis and/or vascular development. In the review the main attention is payed to the role of signaling pathways BMP (bone morphogenic protein), Notch, Wnt and to the role of transcription factors BMP2, RUNX2, Msx2 in vascular calcification. Probably, dysfunction of osteogenic signal pathways and transdifferentiation of vascular cells to osteoblast-like cells is a common prosses not only for vascular calcification or mineralization, but is a way of vascular degradation in general. Proosteogenic changes at cellular and molecular level may play role in pathogenesis of a disease without manifestation of vascular mineralization, such as thoracic aortic aneurysm. Ability of vascular cells to change their phenotype to osteophenotype is very likely biologically important ability. Over weakness of calcific signaling pathways activity can also lead to vascular pathology. The aim of the review is to overlook the mechanisms of vascular calcification focusing at the role of signal pathways and vascular cells at this process with particular attention to aortic calcification. Understanding the mechanisms of biological regulation of pro- and antiosteogenic processes in pathology and normal conditions opens new opportunities to influence this prosess in order to correct vascular pathologies.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals the Potential Role of MYB Transcription Factors in Floral Scent Formation in Hedychium coronarium

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhat Abbas ◽  
Yanguo Ke ◽  
Yiwei Zhou ◽  
Yunyi Yu ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Myb Gene ◽  
Hedychium Coronarium

The MYB gene family is one of the largest groups of transcription factors (TFs) playing diverse roles in several biological processes. Hedychium coronarium (white ginger lily) is a renowned ornamental plant both in tropical and subtropical regions due to its flower shape and strong floral scent mainly composed of terpenes and benzenoids. However, there is no information available regarding the role of the MYB gene family in H. coronarium. In the current study, the MYB gene family was identified and extensively analyzed. The identified 253 HcMYB genes were unevenly mapped on 17 chromosomes at a different density. Promoter sequence analysis showed numerous phytohormones related to cis-regulatory elements. The majority of HcMYB genes contain two to three introns and motif composition analysis showed their functional conservation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HcMYBs could be classified into 15 distinct clades, and the segmental duplication events played an essential role in the expansion of the HcMYB gene family. Tissue-specific expression patterns of HcMYB genes displayed spatial and temporal expression. Furthermore, seven HcMYB (HcMYB7/8/75/79/145/238/248) were selected for further investigation. Through RT-qPCR, the response of candidates HcMYB genes toward jasmonic acid methyl ester (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and auxin was examined. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays revealed that candidate genes directly bind to the promoter of bottom structural volatile synthesis genes (HcTPS1, HcTPS3, HcTPS10, and HcBSMT2). Moreover, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay showed that HcMYB7/8/75/145/248 interact with HcJAZ1 protein. In HcMYB7/8/79/145/248-silenced flowers, the floral volatile contents were decreased and downregulated the expression of key structural genes, suggesting that these genes might play crucial roles in floral scent formation in H. coronarium by regulating the expression of floral scent biosynthesis genes. Collectively, these findings indicate that HcMYB genes might be involved in the regulatory mechanism of terpenoids and benzenoid biosynthesis in H. coronarium.

Next-generation sequencing analysis reveals segmental patterns of microRNA expression in yak epididymis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Wangsheng Zhao ◽  
Eugene Quansah ◽  
Meng Yuan ◽  
Pengcheng Li ◽  
Chuanping Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Cauda Epididymidis ◽  
Caput Epididymidis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potent regulators of gene expression and are widely expressed in biological systems. In reproduction, they have been shown to have a significant role in the acquisition and maintenance of male fertility, whereby deletion of Dicer in mouse germ cells leads to infertility. Evidence indicates that this role of miRNAs extends from the testis into the epididymis, controlling gene expression and contributing to regional variations in gene expression. In this study, RNA sequencing technology was used to investigate miRNA expression patterns in the yak epididymis. Region-specific miRNA expression was found in the yak epididymis. In all, 683 differentially expressed known miRNAs were obtained; 190, 186 and 307 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified for caput versus corpus, corpus versus cauda and caput versus cauda region pairs respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed endocytosis as the most enriched pathway across region pairs, followed by protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, phagosome, spliceosome and biosynthesis of amino acids in region pair-specific hierarchical order. Gene ontology results showed varied enrichment in terms including cell, biogenesis, localisation, binding and locomotion across region pairs. In addition, significantly higher miR-34c expression was seen in the yak caput epididymidis relative to the corpus and cauda epididymidis.

scholarly journals Role of leptin receptors in granulosa cells during ovulation

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Dupuis ◽  
Yasmin Schuermann ◽  
Tamara Cohen ◽  
Dayananda Siddappa ◽  
Anitha Kalaiselvanraja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein

Leptin is an important hormone influencing reproductive function. However, the mechanisms underpinning the role of leptin in the regulation of reproduction remain to be completely deciphered. In this study, our objective is to understand the mechanisms regulating the expression of leptin receptor (Lepr) and its role in ovarian granulosa cells during ovulation. First, granulosa cells were collected from superovulated mice to profile mRNA expression of Lepr isoforms (LeprA and LeprB) throughout follicular development. Expression of LeprA and LeprB was dramatically induced in the granulosa cells of ovulating follicles at 4 h after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment. Relative abundance of both mRNA and protein of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (Cebpβ) increased in granulosa cells from 1 to 7 h post-hCG. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the recruitment of Cebpβ to Lepr promoter. Thus, hCG-induced transcription of Lepr appears to be regulated by Cebpβ, which led us to hypothesise that Lepr may play a role during ovulation. To test this hypothesis, we used a recently developed pegylated superactive mouse leptin antagonist (PEG-SMLA) to inhibit Lepr signalling during ovulation. I.p. administration of PEG-SMLA (10 μg/g) to superovulated mice reduced ovulation rate by 65% compared with control treatment. Although the maturation stage of the ovulated oocytes remained unaltered, ovulation genes Ptgs2 and Has2 were downregulated in PEG-SMLA-treated mice compared with control mice. These results demonstrate that Lepr is dramatically induced in the granulosa cells of ovulating follicles and this induction of Lepr expression requires the transcription factor Cebpβ. Lepr plays a critical role in the process of ovulation by regulating, at least in part, the expression of the important genes involved in the preovulatory maturation of follicles.

scholarly journals Physiological and Pathological Androgen Actions in the Ovary

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 1166-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Astapova ◽  
Briaunna M N Minor ◽  
Stephen R Hammes
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Androgen Excess ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Androgen Effects

Abstract Androgens, although traditionally thought to be male sex steroids, play important roles in female reproduction, both in healthy and pathological states. This mini-review focuses on recent advances in our knowledge of the role of androgens in the ovary. Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in oocytes, granulosa cells, and theca cells, and is temporally regulated during follicular development. Mouse knockout studies have shown that AR expression in granulosa cells is critical for normal follicular development and subsequent ovulation. In addition, androgens are involved in regulating dynamic changes in ovarian steroidogenesis that are critical for normal cycling. Androgen effects on follicle development have been incorporated into clinical practice in women with diminished ovarian reserve, albeit with limited success in available literature. At the other extreme, androgen excess leads to disordered follicle development and anovulatory infertility known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with studies suggesting that theca cell AR may mediate many of these negative effects. Finally, both prenatal and postnatal animal models of androgen excess have been developed and are being used to study the pathophysiology of PCOS both within the ovary and with regard to overall metabolic health. Taken together, current scientific consensus is that a careful balance of androgen activity in the ovary is necessary for reproductive health in women.

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