scholarly journals A single dose of allopregnanolone affects rat ovarian morphology and steroidogenesis

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Tatiana Pelegrina ◽  
Antonella Rosario Ramona Cáceres ◽  
Fernando Alfredo Giuliani ◽  
Joana Antonella Asensio ◽  
Fernanda Parborell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Medial Basal Hypothalamus ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Progesterone Metabolite

Allopregnanolone, a progesterone metabolite, is one of the best characterized neurosteroids. In a dose that mimics serum levels during stress, allopregnanolone inhibits sexual receptivity and ovulation and induces a decrease in luteinizing hormone levels. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of an intracerebroventricular administration of allopregnanolone on ovarian morphophysiology; serum and tissue levels of progesterone and estrogen; and enzymatic activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3α-hydroxysteroid oxido-reductase in the ovary and in the medial basal hypothalamus on the morning of estrus. Ovarian morphology was analyzed under light microscopy. The hormone assays were performed by radioimmunoassay. The enzymatic activities were measured by spectrophotometric analysis. The morphometric analysis revealed that, in allopregnanolone-treated animals, the number of secondary and Graafian follicles was decreased, whereas that of atretic follicles and cysts was significantly increased. Some cysts showed luteinized unruptured follicles. There were no differences in the number of tertiary follicles or corpora lutea in comparison with the corresponding control groups. In allopregnanolone-treated animals, progesterone serum levels were increased, whereas ovarian progesterone levels were decreased. Moreover, 3β-HSD and 3α-HSOR enzymatic activities were increased in the medial basal hypothalamus, whereas ovarian levels were decreased. The enzyme 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase showed the opposite profile. The results of this study showed that allopregnanolone interferes on ovarian steroidogenesis and ovarian morphophysiology in rats, providing a clear evidence for the role of this neurosteroid in the control of reproductive function under stress situations.Free Spanish abstract: A Spanish translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/153/1/75/suppl/DC1.

ZUR BEDEUTUNG DES HYPOPHYSÄREN LUTEINISIERUNGSHORMONS FÜR SCHWANGERSCHAFT, GEBURT UND LACTATION BEI DER RATTE

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S5-S32 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Loewit
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
The State ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Regulatory Properties ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The role of luteinizing hormone (LH) for the maintenance of pregnancy, parturition and lactation was investigated by immunological and histochemical methods in the rat. Neutralisation of endogenous rat-LH with Rabbit-Anti-Bovine-LH-Serum (selective hypophysectomy) from days 7-12 of pregnancy resulted in reabsorption of the foetuses and the reappearance of strong 20α-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (20α-OHSD) activity in the corpora lutea (CL) of pregnancy, which normally show no such activity at that time. This effect could be prevented in part by concurrent pregnenolone administration and fully by progesterone, but was not influenced by oestrogen or prolactin. It is concluded that in early pregnancy LH is the main luteotrophic hormone in the rat even though prolactin might act synergistically with it. Antiserum treatment after the 12th day of gestation had no influence on the state or duration of pregnancy or on parturition. LH-injections during the first half of pregnancy had no luteolytic effects i. e. they did not activate 20α-OHSD activity. After day 16 they advanced the reappearance of the enzyme, but delayed parturition or resulted in stillbirths. Neither LH nor antiserum seemed to alter lactation. Since progesterone prevented both the termination of pregnancy and the recurrence of 20α-OHSD activity, it should have some regulatory properties on the enzyme. It is discussed whether the gonadotrophin-dependent progesterone level could regulate the 20α-OHSD activity rather than result from it.

THE EFFECT OF SURGICAL ISOLATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS UPON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IN THE FEMALE GUINEA-PIG

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN E. M. BUTLER ◽  
B. T. DONOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
The Brain

SUMMARY Under stereotaxic guidance, the connexions between the hypothalamus and the rest of the brain were severed surgically in mature female guinea-pigs, and reproductive function was assessed by following the vaginal cycle and by histological study of the ovaries. Animals in which the hypothalamic island incorporated the suprachiasmatic nuclei, or in which the anterior connexions to the hypothalamus were severed by a cut placed just anterior to the suprachiasmatic nuclei, developed persistent vaginal oestrus. Such an anterior cut in the hypothalamus did not influence luteal function in hysterectomized animals. When the anterior border of a hypothalamic island, or an anterior cut through the hypothalamus, was caudal to the suprachiasmatic nuclei, oestrous cycles continued although they were slightly irregular. The ovaries contained corpora lutea. Severance of the posterior connexions to the hypothalamus did not alter the oestrous cycle. The role of the suprachiasmatic area in the generation of persistent vaginal oestrus is discussed.

scholarly journals Long-term chronic stress exposure induces PCO phenotype in rat

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Divyashree ◽  
H N Yajurvedi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Short And Long Term

Thus far the effects of chronic stress on the ovary were studied for shorter durations. However, responses of the ovary may vary with durations of exposure to stress. Hence, we investigated the responses of the ovary following exposure to different durations of chronic stress. Exposure of rats to restraint (1 h) and after a gap of 4 h to forced swimming (15 min) daily for 4 or 8 weeks resulted in significant decreases in the activities of the ovarian antioxidant enzymes, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and percentage of healthy granulosa cells with concomitant increases in the number of atretic follicles, the percentage of apoptotic granulosa cells and ovarian malondialdehyde concentration. However, the response of the ovary to similar stress regime for 12 weeks was paradoxical as there were increases in the activities of ovarian antioxidant enzymes and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the number of healthy antral follicles, and decreases in ovarian malondialdehyde concentration and percentage of apoptotic granulosa cells. These changes were accompanied by hyperglycaemia and an increase in the serum levels of insulin, testosterone and oestradiol. In addition the cystic follicles were found in the ovaries of these rats. However, the number of oestrous cycles and active corpora lutea showed significant decrease in all the durations of stress exposure. The results demonstrate a differential response of ovary to short- and long-term exposure to chronic stress.

PROGESTERONE AND 20α-HYDROXYSTEROID-DEHYDROGENASE REGULATION IN THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE PREGNANT RAT

1979 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Loewit ◽  
N. Zambelis
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Complex Regulation

ABSTRACT Female Wistar rats were mated and passively immunized against bovine luteinizing hormone (bLH) between days 7–12 of gestation. In a first series of experiments the effect of simultaneous progesterone treatment on the histochemically detectable activity of 20α-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase (20α-OHSD) in the corpora lutea of pregnancy was evaluated. In other experiments the exact time course was established between the first histologically demonstrable signs of termination of pregnancy and the appearance of 20α-OHSD activity in corpora lutea of pregnancy. It was found that progesterone substitution not only prevented the deleterious effects of the anti-bLH-serum on gestation but also the re-appearance of 20α-OHSD activity in the corpora lutea of pregnancy up to day 12 of pregnancy. Moreover in animals injected with anti-bLH-serum from day 7 on and sacrificed on days 8–2, signs of foetal destruction clearly preceded the pathological re-appearance of 20α-OHSD activity by 2–3 days. These results support previous findings on a direct or indirect role of progesterone in the complex regulation of 20α-OHSD activity. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed.

The Potential role of Eugenol and Ocimum sanctum extract on female rats: a focus on infertility efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkataramanaiah Poli ◽  
Motireddy Srinivasulu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Saline Vehicle

Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the infertility effect of Eug and OS extract administrations in female albino rats. Methods Healthy female albino rats are provided with EUG (99% pure) with a dose of 0.4 ml/ day/ rat and OS Linn. Leaf extract with a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight/ day/ rat orally for 20 days. The control group received saline (vehicle). On day 20 of gestation, maternal and foetal, Antifertility and Antiimplantation, ovarian follicular kinetics and Estrogenic activity parameters. ANOVA Analysis One-way with Dunnett comparison tests used to analyze data. Ocimum Sanctum also gets an antifertility effect.   Results Oral administration of the extract from days 1 to 19 of gestation showed a reduction (p<0.05) in the number of corpora lutea of pregnancy and number of live fetuses. The foetal and placental weights were also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in Eug and OS extract compared with the control. The results revealed that Antiimplantation activity were 87.17% and 79.48% in Eug and OS extract administration. Antifertility activity was 83.33 % in in Eug and OS extract administration. Conclusion The results of this study concluded the evidence for the antifertility activity of the administration of Eug and OS extract in female rats. Administration can induce the effects of inhibition on reproductive function in female albino rats.

Neonatal testosterone exposure induces early development of follicular cysts followed by sympathetic ovarian hyperinnervation

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Anesetti ◽  
Rebeca Chávez-Genaro
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cyst Development

This study analysed the temporal association between ovarian cyst development induced by neonatal androgenisation and sympathetic innervation. Neonatal rats (postnatal Days 1 to 5) were treated with testosterone or dihydrotestosterone and the effects were evaluated at postnatal Days 20, 40, 90 or 180. Ovulation rate, number of cystic follicles and density of sympathetic fibres were analysed. The effects of surgical denervation or gonadotrophin stimulation were also assessed. Rats exposed to testosterone showed no oestrous cycle activity and did not ovulate, maintaining a polycystic ovarian morphology at all ages studied. Also, a significant increase in ovarian density of noradrenergic fibres was detected at postnatal Days 90 and 180. Sympathectomy was unable to re-establish ovarian activity; however, human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation was enough to induce ovulation. The impact of dihydrotestosterone on ovarian function was less noticeable, showing the coexistence of corpora lutea and cystic structures without changes in sympathetic innervation. Our findings suggest that a remodelling of ovarian sympathetic innervation occurs as a response to modifications in the pattern of follicular growth induced by testosterone. A role of sympathetic innervation in the maintenance of the polycystic condition is suggested.

The role of hepatic 11[b]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in cholesterol homeostasis

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Kajal Manwani ◽  
Tak Y Man ◽  
Christopher J Kenyon ◽  
Ruth Andrew ◽  
Karen E Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis

Role of chromium (III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
R. Iskra ◽  
V. Vlizlo ◽  
R. Fedoruk
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

The results of our studies and the data of modern literature regarding the biological role of Cr(III) compounds in conditions of their application in the nutrition for pigs and cattle are discussed. The metabolic impact of Cr(III), coming from different sources – mineral and organic compounds, obtained by chemical synthesis or a nanotechnological method (chromium citrate), as well as in the form of biocomplexes from the cultural medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts was analyzed. The metabolic connection between the impact of Cr(III) and the biosynthesis of some hormones – insulin, cortisol – as well as the sensitivity of some tissues and organs to the effect of chromium compounds was studied. A considerable part of the review material was dedicated to the metabolic effect of Cr(III) compounds on the reproductive function of pigs and cattle and their impact on the viability of the offspring and gametes of animals. The data about the stimulating effect of Cr(III) on the growth and development of the organism of piglets and calves, meat and milk performance of these species of animals are discussed. The relevance of dosing Cr(III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle is highlighted.

Effect of Exposure to Mixture of Heavy Metals Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead on Reproductive Function and Oxidative Stress in Female Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Choudhuri D. ◽  
Bhattacharjee T.
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Live Fetus

Background : Toxicological consequences arising from exposure to mixtures of heavy metals especially at low, chronic and environmentally relevant doses are poorly recognised. In the present study, we evaluated effects of chronic exposure to combinations of three metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) present frequently in drinking water on reproductive function and oxidative damage caused to reproductive organs of female rats. Method : Female rats were exposed to mixture of metals (As, Cdand Pb) for 90 consecutive days. The gain in body weight and weight of reproductive organs were recorded following autopsy on 91 stday. The oestrus cycle were monitored during entire treatment period. Numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, live fetus and survival of the fetus were evaluated in rats mated successfully with untreated male after completion of their respective treatment. Ovarian cholesterol, protein, ascorbic acid and enzyme Δ 5 -3β HSD levels were estimated. Serum levels of steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone were estimated. Histopathological picture of both ovary and uterus were assessed. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidise (GPX) activity, amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondyaldehyde (MDA) in blood, ovary and uterus were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results : The treated rats showed reduced body weight gain and reduction in the weight of ovary and uterus. Oestrus cycle was disrupted with continuous diestrous in treated animals. Number of corpora lutea, implantation sites and live fetus and the survival of fetus evaluate were reduced significantly in treated groups. The levels of ovarian cholesterol and ascorbic acid increased in treated rats with decrease Δ5 -3β HSD level. There was reduction in serum level of both the ovarian steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone. The protein levels did not differ between the groups. There was a significant increase in levels of MDA and decrease in levels of all the antioxidant enzymes in treated group. Conclusion : The results revealed there was disruption to reproductive functions with decrease in stereoidogenic activity and associated oxidative stress in female rats treated with combination of mixture of metals (Cd, As and Pb) at low dose for 90 consecutive days.

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