scholarly journals Long-term chronic stress exposure induces PCO phenotype in rat

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Divyashree ◽  
H N Yajurvedi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Short And Long Term

Thus far the effects of chronic stress on the ovary were studied for shorter durations. However, responses of the ovary may vary with durations of exposure to stress. Hence, we investigated the responses of the ovary following exposure to different durations of chronic stress. Exposure of rats to restraint (1 h) and after a gap of 4 h to forced swimming (15 min) daily for 4 or 8 weeks resulted in significant decreases in the activities of the ovarian antioxidant enzymes, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and percentage of healthy granulosa cells with concomitant increases in the number of atretic follicles, the percentage of apoptotic granulosa cells and ovarian malondialdehyde concentration. However, the response of the ovary to similar stress regime for 12 weeks was paradoxical as there were increases in the activities of ovarian antioxidant enzymes and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the number of healthy antral follicles, and decreases in ovarian malondialdehyde concentration and percentage of apoptotic granulosa cells. These changes were accompanied by hyperglycaemia and an increase in the serum levels of insulin, testosterone and oestradiol. In addition the cystic follicles were found in the ovaries of these rats. However, the number of oestrous cycles and active corpora lutea showed significant decrease in all the durations of stress exposure. The results demonstrate a differential response of ovary to short- and long-term exposure to chronic stress.

Effect of short- and long-term treatment with omeprazole on the absorption and serum levels of cobalamin

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. SCHENK ◽  
H. P. M. FESTEN ◽  
E. J. KUIPERS ◽  
E. C. KLINKENBERG-KNOL ◽  
S. G. M. MEUWISSEN
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Short And Long Term

Serum levels of club cell secretory protein (Clara) and short- and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution in adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline B. Provost ◽  
Agnès Chaumont ◽  
Michal Kicinski ◽  
Bianca Cox ◽  
Frans Fierens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Club Cell ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Influence of long term stress exposure on somatisation symptoms outcome

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Sabaheta Hasić ◽  
Emina Kiseljaković ◽  
Radivoj Jadrić ◽  
Belma Zečević ◽  
Nešina Avdagić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
War Stress ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
And Control

Long term stress exposure results in somatisation symptoms appearance. Cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and muscle-bone symptoms arise because of intensified activity of autonomic nervous system caused by chronic stress. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between long term war stress exposure and appearance of somatisation. 40 students of health-care faculties in Sarajevo, of both sexes, were included in investigation and divided in two groups-somatisation and control. Somatisation group subjects (N=20) lived in B&H under war conditions, from 1992-1995. Control subjects (N=20) spent the same period outside B&H. For evaluation of somatisation symptoms we used SCL-90-R test. The obtained data were statistically evaluated using Student’s t-test and χ2 test. Confidence level was set at ρ < 0,05. Our results showed statistically significant difference in somatisation level between somatisation and control subjects group. Different intensity of appearance of certain symptoms in male and female was established. The score of somatisation dimension between somatisation and control group showed statistically significant level (p < 0,0001). Study results confirmed correlation of chronic stress exposure (living in war environment) and somatisation symptom appearance. Individual organic systems had various level of symptom expression. The influence of sex on intensity of individual symptoms of somatisation is possible.

scholarly journals Ovarian status dictates the neuroinflammatory and behavioral consequences of sub-chronic stress exposure in middle-aged female mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand S. Eid ◽  
Stephanie E. Lieblich ◽  
Sarah J. Wong ◽  
Liisa A.M. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Ovarian Status ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

AbstractOvarian hormones influence the outcomes of stress exposure and are implicated in stress-related disorders including depression, yet their roles are often complex and seemingly contradictory. Importantly, depression and stress exposure are associated with immune dysregulation, and ovarian hormones have immunomodulatory properties. However, how ovarian hormones can influence the inflammatory outcomes of stress exposure is poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of long-term ovariectomy on the behavioral and neuroinflammatory outcomes of sub-chronic stress exposure in middle-aged mice. Briefly, sham-operated and ovariectomized mice were assigned to non-stress groups or exposed to 6 days of variable stress. Mice were assessed on a battery of behavioral tests, and cytokine concentrations were quantified in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. In the frontal cortex, postsynaptic density protein-95 expression was examined as an index of excitatory synapse number and/or stability, and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were measured to explore potential cell signaling pathways elicited by stress exposure and/or ovarian hormones. Long-term ovariectomy modified the central cytokine profile by robustly reducing cytokine concentrations in the frontal cortex and modestly increasing concentrations in the hippocampus. Under non-stress conditions, long-term ovariectomy also reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphoprotein expression in the frontal cortex and increased some measures of depressive-like behavior. The effects of sub-chronic stress exposure were however more pronounced in sham-operated mice. Notably, in sham-operated mice only, sub-chronic stress exposure increased IL-1β and IL-6:IL-10 ratio in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and reduced pERK1/2 expression in the frontal cortex. Further, although sub-chronic stress exposure increased anhedonia-like behavior regardless of ovarian status, it increased passive-coping behavior in sham-operated mice only. These data indicate that long-term ovariectomy has potent effects on the central cytokine milieu and dictates the neuroinflammatory and behavioral effects of sub-chronic stress exposure in middle-aged mice. These findings therefore suggest that the immunomodulatory properties of ovarian hormones are of relevance in the context of stress and possibly depression.

Short- and long-term effects of LDL-apheresis on lipoprotein (a) serum levels

1990 ◽  
Vol 195 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Matthias Ritter ◽  
Klaus Sühler ◽  
Werner Richter ◽  
Peter Schwandt
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ldl Apheresis ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression and activities in bovine granulosa cells and corpora lutea implicate corticosteroids in bovine ovarian physiology

2007 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Thurston ◽  
D R E Abayasekara ◽  
A E Michael
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Dependent Type

Cortisol–cortisone metabolism is catalysed by the bi-directional NADP(H)-dependent type 1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD1) enzyme and the oxidative NAD+-dependent type 2 11βHSD (11βHSD2). This study related the expression of 11βHSD1 and 11βHSD2 enzymes (mRNA and protein) to net 11-ketosteroid reductase and 11β-dehydrogenase (11β-DH) activities in bovine follicular granulosa and luteal cells. Granulosa cells were isolated from follicles of < 4, 4–8, > 8 and > 12 mm in diameter in either the follicular or luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. Luteal cells were obtained from corpora lutea (CL) in the early non-pregnant luteal phase. Enzyme expression was assessed by reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting, while enzyme activities were measured over 1 h in cell homogenates using radiometric conversion assays with 100 nM [3H]cortisone or [3H]cortisol and pyridine dinucleotide cofactors. Irrespective of follicle diameter, the expression of 11βHSD2 and NAD+-dependent oxidation of cortisol predominated in granulosa cells harvested in the follicular phase. In contrast, in granulosa cells obtained from luteal phase follicles and in bovine luteal cells, expression of 11βHSD1 exceeded that of 11βHSD2 and the major enzyme activity was NADP+-dependent cortisol oxidation. Increasing follicular diameter was associated with progressive increases in expression and activities of 11βHSD2 and 11βHSD1 in follicular and luteal phase granulosa cells respectively. In follicular phase granulosa cells from antral follicles < 12 mm, 11βHSD1 migrated with a molecular mass of 34 kDa, whereas in the dominant follicle, CL and all luteal phase granulosa cells, a second protein band of 68 kDa was consistently detected. In all samples, 11βHSD2 had a molecular mass of 48 kDa, but in large antral follicles (> 8 mm), there was an additional immunoreactive band at 50 kDa. We conclude that 11βHSD2 is the predominant functional 11βHSD enzyme expressed in follicular phase granulosa cells from growing bovine antral follicles. In contrast, in bovine granulosa cells from dominant or luteal phase follicles, and in bovine luteal cells from early non-pregnant CL, 11βHSD1 is the major glucocorticoid-metabolising enzyme. The increasing levels of cortisol inactivation by the combined NADP+- and NAD+-dependent 11β-DH activities suggest a need to restrict cortisol access to corticosteroid receptors in the final stages of follicle development.

Aging and Loneliness

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Hawkley ◽  
John T. Cacioppo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
And Coping

Levels of loneliness are relatively stable across most of adult life, but correlates of loneliness show age differences. We review evidence of age differences in associations between loneliness and individual differences in health behaviors, stress exposure, physiological stress responses, appraisal and coping, and restorative processes. The effects of each of these pathways endow loneliness with the capacity to accelerate the rate of physiological decline with age. Additional research across the lifespan is required to understand the nature of accrued loneliness effects on health behavior and physiology in the short and long term.

Short- and long-term effects of an LHRH antagonist given during the prepubertal period on follicle dynamics in the rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. A. Meijs-Roelofs ◽  
W. A. van Cappellen ◽  
E. C. M. van Leeuwen ◽  
P. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Lhrh Antagonist ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The effects of the suppression of the high gonadotrophin concentrations normally present by the end of the second week of life on ovarian follicle dynamics were studied in immature rats. Gonadotrophins were suppressed by treatment with an LHRH antagonist (LHRH-A; Org. 30276) on days 6, 9, 12 and 15, and the total population of ovarian follicles was studied at 15 and 28 days, on the day of first oestrus and on the day of oestrus at or following 90 and 300 days of age. Primordial follicles were counted and growing follicles were counted and measured. In rats treated with LHRH-A, follicle recruitment into the growing pool was clearly diminished; the number of growing follicles was significantly (P<0·01) lower up to the day of first oestrus and the pool of primordial follicles was significantly (P<0·05) larger at 15 and 28 days. Ovarian weights were significantly lower in rats treated with LHRH-A until at least 90 days of age. However, on the day of oestrus at or after 90 and 300 days of age, there were no differences in either the pool of primordial follicles or the pool of growing follicles between rats treated with LHRH-A and control rats. There was also no difference between groups in the number of fresh corpora lutea at these ages. It was concluded that the early peak in gonadotrophin concentrations in immature rats causes substantial recruitment of follicles into the growing pool. Thus, the number of follicles entering the growing pool is not solely dependent upon the size of the pool of primordial follicles but is clearly influenced by the level of circulating gonadotrophins. In contrast, the large gonadotrophic stimulation that normally takes place during the second and third week of life is neither a prerequisite for functional sexual maturation nor for later cyclic function. Shortly before the time of first ovulation a tight control of follicle dynamics is established which is largely independent of previous gonadotrophin concentrations and follicle dynamics. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 124, 247–253

BIOTRANSFORMATION OF PREGNENOLONE AND PROGESTERONE BY RABBIT OVARIAN FOLLICLES AND CORPORA LUTEA

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward V. YoungLai
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Theca Cells ◽  
Theca Interna

ABSTRACT Rabbit ovarian follicles obtained prior to and after mating and corpora lutea (24 h and 48 h post-coitus) were incubated with radioactive pregnenolone and progesterone to determine whether these substrates could serve as precursors of androgens and oestrogens. Incubations were carried out for 3 h in Hanks balanced salt solution: medium 199: normal rabbit serum: 55:30:15. Granulosa cells and corpora lutea converted pregnenolone to progesterone but no labelled oestrogens could be detected. Trace amounts of androgens were synthesized by the granulosa cells. Whole sliced follicles and theca formed progesterone from pregnenolone and androgens from both substrates. Oestradiol-17β was only synthesized by the whole sliced follicles and in one experiment by theca cells. Mating caused an increase in the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase for pregnenolone and formation of testosterone but no oestrogens by the theca cells. These results indicate that both theca interna and granulosa cells are needed for oestrogen biosynthesis by rabbit follicles.

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