scholarly journals Requirement of the transcription factor USF1 in bovine oocyte and early embryonic development

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirtha K Datta ◽  
Sandeep K Rajput ◽  
Gabbine Wee ◽  
KyungBon Lee ◽  
Joseph K Folger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Bovine Oocyte ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
E Box

Upstream stimulating factor 1 (USF1) is a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor that specifically binds to E-box DNA motifs, knowncis-elements of key oocyte expressed genes essential for oocyte and early embryonic development. However, the functional and regulatory role of USF1 in bovine oocyte and embryo development is not understood. In this study, we demonstrated thatUSF1mRNA is maternal in origin and expressed in a stage specific manner during the course of oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryonic development. Immunocytochemical analysis showed detectable USF1 protein during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development with increased abundance at 8–16-cell stage of embryo development, suggesting a potential role in embryonic genome activation. Knockdown ofUSF1in germinal vesicle stage oocytes did not affect meiotic maturation or cumulus expansion, but caused significant changes in mRNA abundance for genes associated with oocyte developmental competence. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated depletion ofUSF1in presumptive zygote stage embryos demonstrated thatUSF1is required for early embryonic development to the blastocyst stage. A similar (USF2) yet unique (TWIST2) expression pattern during oocyte and early embryonic development for related E-box binding transcription factors known to cooperatively bind USF1 implies a potential link to USF1 action. This study demonstrates that USF1 is a maternally derived transcription factor required for bovine early embryonic development, which also functions in regulation ofJY1, GDF9, andFSTgenes associated with oocyte competence.

Analysis of mRNA associated factors during bovine oocyte maturation and early embryonic development

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1208-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Siemer ◽  
Tatjana Smiljakovic ◽  
Monika Bhojwani ◽  
Claus Leiding ◽  
Wilhelm Kanitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Bovine Oocyte

Iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, stimulates meiotic maturation and early embryonic development in pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Su Kim ◽  
Jung-Il Chae ◽  
Bong-Seok Song ◽  
Kyu-Sun Lee ◽  
Young-Kug Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Intracellular Camp

Oviduct fluid contains various cytokines and growth factors that enhance the embryo development during the preimplantation period. In hatched embryos, prostacyclin (PGI2) improves implantation, but its role during oocyte maturation and early embryo development remains contentious. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of a PGI2 analogue (iloprost) on meiotic maturation and early embryonic development in pigs, as well on the structural integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis in blastocysts. First, meiotic maturation in pig oocytes was examined in the presence of increasing concentrations of iloprost (1, 5 and 10 μM). After IVM, a higher proportion of iloprost-treated compared with untreated oocytes was in MII (90.0% v. 65.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). In addition, protein kinase A activity increased in iloprost-treated oocytes, indicating increased intracellular cAMP concentrations. After 22 h iloprost treatment (44 h total incubation time), western blotting demonstrated increased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, phosphorylated (p-) ERK1/2, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), p-CREB and cyclo-oxygenase-2, indicating activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and PGI2 pathways. In addition, the frequency of polyspermy decreased in iloprost-treated oocytes (19.9%) compared with control (35.8%), whereas the rate of blastocyst formation increased (P < 0.05). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) showed that the number of nuclei containing fragmented DNA at the blastocyst stage decreased in the iloprost-treated group compared with control (1.2% v. 3.6%, respectively). In conclusion, iloprost appears to play a direct role in porcine oocyte maturation by enhancing blastocyst structure and survival.

The requirement for protein kinase C delta (PRKCD) during preimplantation bovine embryo development

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-En Yang ◽  
Manabu Ozawa ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Sally E. Johnson ◽  
Alan D. Ealy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Kinase C

Protein kinase C (PKC) delta (PRKCD) is a member of the novel PKC subfamily that regulates gene expression in bovine trophoblast cells. Additional functions for PRKCD in early embryonic development in cattle have not been fully explored. The objectives of this study were to describe the expression profile of PRKCD mRNA in bovine embryos and to examine its biological roles during bovine embryo development. Both PRKCD mRNA and protein are present throughout early embryo development and increases in mRNA abundance are evident at morula and blastocyst stages. Phosphorylation patterns are consistent with detection of enzymatically active PRKCD in bovine embryos. Exposure to a pharmacological inhibitor (rottlerin) during early embryonic development prevented development beyond the eight- to 16-cell stage. Treatment at or after the 16-cell stage reduced blastocyst development rates, total blastomere numbers and inner cell mass-to-trophoblast cell ratio. Exposure to the inhibitor also decreased basal interferon tau (IFNT) transcript abundance and abolished fibroblast growth factor-2 induction of IFNT expression. Furthermore, trophoblast adhesion and proliferation was compromised in hatched blastocysts. These observations provide novel insights into PRKCD mRNA expression profiles in bovine embryos and provide evidence for PRKCD-dependent regulation of embryonic development, gene expression and post-hatching events.

scholarly journals Maternal UHRF1 Is Essential for Transcription Landscapes and Repression of Repetitive Elements During the Maternal-to-Zygotic Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Wu ◽  
Juan Dong ◽  
Shenglei Feng ◽  
Qiang Zhao ◽  
Peng Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Maternal To Zygotic Transition ◽  
Zygotic Genome

Maternal factors that modulate maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) are essential for the growth from specialized oocytes to totipotent embryos. Despite several studies, the mechanisms regulating epigenetic reprogramming during MZT remain largely elusive. UHRF1 plays a role in maintaining GC methylation in oocytes and early embryos. However, little is known about its role in mouse MZT. Here, we explored the function of maternal UHRF1 in zygotic genome regulation during early embryonic development in mice. We showed that the conditional knockout (cKO) of UHRF1 in either primordial or growing oocytes causes infertility but differentially affects early embryonic development. UHRF1 deficiency in primordial oocytes led to early embryonic developmental arrest at the two-cell stage, accompanied by significant alterations in global DNA and H3K4me3 methylation patterns. In comparison, UHRF1 ablation in growing oocytes significantly reduced developmental competence from two-cell embryos to blastocysts. At the transcriptional level, the absence of maternal UHRF1 led to aberrant transcriptional regulation of the zygotic genome during MZT at the two-cell stage. Furthermore, we observed that retrotransposable elements in UHRF1-deficient oocytes and embryos were not silenced properly; in particular, the LINE-1 and long terminal repeat (LTR) subfamily were activated abnormally. Collectively, the findings of our study reveal that maternal UHRF1 plays a critical role in establishing the correct epigenetic chromatin reprogramming of early embryos, regulating essential genes during MZT, and preserving genome integrity that drives early embryonic development in mice.

scholarly journals The effect of valproic acid on bovine oocyte maturation and early embryonic development in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Gao ◽  
Haidong Bai ◽  
Xudong Ao ◽  
Rula Sa ◽  
Huimin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Bovine Oocyte ◽  
Development In Vitro

A retrospective model of oocyte competence: global mRNA and housekeeping transcripts are not associated with in vitro developmental outcome

Zygote ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Henrique Biase ◽  
Lúcia Martelli ◽  
Giovana Krempel Fonseca Merighe ◽  
Weruska Karyna Freitas Santos Biase ◽  
Moyses Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Morphological Criteria

SummaryOocyte developmental competence depends on maternal stores that support development throughout a transcriptionally silent period during early embryogenesis. Previous attempts to investigate transcripts associated with oocyte competence have relied on prospective models, which are mostly based on morphological criteria. Using a retrospective model, we quantitatively compared mRNA among oocytes with different embryo development competence. A cytoplasm biopsy was removed from in vitro matured oocytes to perform comparative analysis of amounts of global polyadenylated (polyA) mRNA and housekeeping gene transcripts. After parthenogenetic activation of biopsied oocytes, presumptive zygotes were cultured individually in vitro and oocytes were classified according to embryo development: (i) blocked before the 8-cell stage; (ii) blocked between the 8-cell and morulae stages; or (iii) developed to the blastocyst stage. Sham-manipulated controls confirmed that biopsies did not alter development outcome. Total polyA mRNA amounts correlate with oocyte diameter but not with the ability to develop to the 8-cell and blastocyst stages. The last was also confirmed by relative quantification of GAPDH, H2A and Hprt1 transcripts. In conclusion, we describe a novel retrospective model to identify putative markers of development competence in single oocytes and demonstrate that global mRNA amounts at the metaphase II stage do not correlate with embryo development in vitro.

scholarly journals BPA and BPS Affect the Expression of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and Its Receptor During Bovine Oocyte Maturation and Early Embryo Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Christina Saleh ◽  
Reem Sabry ◽  
Gabriela Fabiana Mastromonaco ◽  
Laura Alessandra Favetta
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development

Abstract Background Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bisphenol S (BPS), is widespread and has negative implications on embryonic development. Preliminary evidence revealed that in women undergoing IVF treatment, urinary BPA levels were associated with low serum anti-Mullerian hormone, however a definitive relationship between the two has not yet been characterized. Methods This study aimed to evaluate BPA and BPS effects on in vitro oocyte maturation and early preimplantation embryo development through i) analysis of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and anti-Mullerian hormone receptor II (AMHRII), ii) investigation of developmental parameters, such as cleavage, blastocyst rates and developmental arrest, iii) detection of apoptosis and iv) assessment of possible sex ratio skew. An in vitro bovine model was used as a translational model for human early embryonic development. We first assessed AMH and AMHRII levels after bisphenol exposure during oocyte maturation. Zygotes were also analyzed during cleavage and blastocysts stages. Techniques used include in vitro fertilization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, TUNEL and immunofluorescence. Results Our findings show that BPA significantly decreased cleavage (p < 0.001), blastocyst (p < 0.005) and overall developmental rates as well as significantly increased embryonic arrest at the 2–4 cell stage (p < 0.05). Additionally, both BPA and BPS significantly increased DNA fragmentation in 2–4 cells, 8–16 cells and blastocyst embryos (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BPA and BPS alter AMH and AMHRII at the mRNA and protein level in both oocytes and blastocysts. BPA, but not BPS, also significantly skews sex ratios towards female blastocysts (p < 0.05) Conclusion This study shows that BPA affects AMH and AMHRII expression during oocyte maturation and that BPS exerts its effects to a greater extent after fertilization and therefore may not be a safer alternative to BPA. Our data lay the foundation for future functional studies, such as receptor kinetics, downstream effectors, and promoter activation/inhibition to prove a functional relationship between bisphenols and the AMH signalling system.

177 EXPOSURE OF BOVINE OOCYTES TO A RESIDUAL CONCENTRATION OF MONO-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE FURTHER IMPAIRS BLASTOCYST GENE EXPRESSION

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Z. Roth ◽  
D. Kalo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Oocyte Developmental Competence ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), are reproductive toxicants. We recently documented a residual concentration of MEHP (~20 nM) and a 2-fold lower level of oestradiol in preovulatory-follicular fluid aspirated from cows gavaged with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (100 mg/kg/day; 3 days). To examine the effects of these changes on oocyte developmental competence, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC; n = 3290; 14 replicates) were in vitro matured (22 h) in standard oocyte maturation media at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. Oocyte maturation media was supplemented with MEHP (0, 20, and 1000 nM) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (0.01% vol/vol), with or without oestradiol (0 or 2000 ng mL−1). The COC were then fertilized (18 h) and further cultured in KSOM at 38.5°C, 5% CO2 and 5% O2, for 7 days. Matured oocytes (n = 20/sample; 4 replicates/group) and blastocysts (n = 4 embryos/sample; 4 replicates/group) were collected. Samples were then underwent mRNA isolation, followed by real-time PCR to analyse the expression of selected genes (Cyc-1, Mt-co1, Atp5b, Pou5f1, Sox2, and Dnmt3b) associated with early embryonic development. Gene expression was quantified and analysed by LightCycler®96 software; the ΔΔCt method was used to calculate the relative expression; 2 genes (Ywhaz and Sdha) were used as internal reference. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Student’s t-test. Findings revealed that maturation with oestradiol and 20 nM MEHP did not affect cleavage or blastocyst formation rate (80.3 ± 1.6 and 16.3 ± 2.2, respectively); however, maturation with 1000 nM decreased the proportion of oocytes that cleaved (70.6 ± 5.8 v. 83.2 ± 2.2, respectively; P < 0.01) and those developed to blastocysts, relative to the control (10.3 ± 1.2 v. 17.2 ± 1.2, respectively; P < 0.04). On the other hand, maturation with 20 or 1000 nM MEHP without oestradiol did not affect cleavage rate, but reduced proportion of developing blastocyst relative to control (15.9 ± 1.6, P < 0.09; 13.9 ± 1.5, P < 0.02; v. 20.6 ± 1.9; respectively). In addition, co-culture of COC with oestradiol and 1000 nM MEHP increased the expression of Cyc-1 and Mt-co1 in matured oocytes (P < 0.05); co-culture of COC with 20 or 1000 nM MEHP increased the expression of Cyc-1, Atp5b, and Dnmt3b in blastocysts (P < 0.05). However, culture with 1000 nM MEHP and without oestradiol increased the expression of Dnmt3b in matured oocytes but reduced the expression of Cyc-1, Mt-co1, Atp5b, Pou5f1, and Dnmt3b in blastocysts (P < 0.05). Although not significant, a similar pattern of gene expression was recorded for blastocysts developed from oocytes matured with 20 nM MEHP, and without oestradiol. The findings emphasise the potential risk associated with phthalate exposure: maturation with low MEHP concentrations deleteriously affected oocyte developmental competence, impaired gene expression in blastocysts developed from MEHP-treated oocytes indicated a carryover effect, and impaired expression of genes associated with early embryonic development suggested that these embryos are of inferior quality.

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