scholarly journals Rabbit as a reproductive model for human health

Reproduction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Fischer ◽  
Pascale Chavatte-Palmer ◽  
Christoph Viebahn ◽  
Anne Navarrete Santos ◽  
Veronique Duranthon
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Laboratory Rabbit ◽  
Implantation Period ◽  
Exact Timing

The renaissance of the laboratory rabbit as a reproductive model for human health is closely related to the growing evidence of periconceptional metabolic programming and its determining effects on offspring and adult health. Advantages of rabbit reproduction are the exact timing of fertilization and pregnancy stages, high cell numbers and yield in blastocysts, relatively late implantation at a time when gastrulation is already proceeding, detailed morphologic and molecular knowledge on gastrulation stages, and a hemochorial placenta structured similarly to the human placenta. To understand, for example, the mechanisms of periconceptional programming and its effects on metabolic health in adulthood, these advantages help to elucidate even subtle changes in metabolism and development during the pre- and peri-implantation period and during gastrulation in individual embryos. Gastrulation represents a central turning point in ontogenesis in which a limited number of cells program the development of the three germ layers and, hence, the embryo proper. Newly developed transgenic and molecular tools offer promising chances for further scientific progress to be attained with this reproductive model species.

scholarly journals Special Issue on Environmental Biocatalysis

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic ◽  
Evangelos Topakas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Wide Range

Biocatalysis has developed new molecular tools for the improvement of a wide range of bioprocesses that diminish raw material and energy consumption, while reducing or eliminating the formation of byproducts that might be hazardous to human health and the environment [...]

Innovative utilization of internet search volume data to understand public awareness and perception of air quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Hee Ryu ◽  
Seung-Ki Min
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Search Volume

<p><span>Severe air pollution is hazardous to human health and long-term exposure to air pollution degrades not only human health but also the quality of life. In the recent years, public concern and awareness of air quality have been greatly raised in South Korea, and this is somewhat contradictory to the level of particulate matter with diameters less than 10 μm (PM10). The observed PM10 levels cannot explain the elevated levels of public concern specifically after 2013–2014 because the average PM10 was much higher in the past (prior to 2013) and shows a decreasing tendency during the recent decades over South Korea. This study utilizes big data from internet search engines (internet search volume data from Google and NAVER) to understand how people perceive air quality differently from the level of observed PM10 and what influences public perception of air quality. An index, air quality perception index (AQPI), is newly proposed in this study and it is assumed that the internet search volume data with a keyword of “air quality” are representative of this index. An empirical model that simulates AQPI is developed by employing the decay theory of forgetting and is trained by PM10, visibility, and internet search volume data. The results show that the memory decay exponent and the accumulation of past memory traces, which represent the weighted sum of past perceived air quality, play key roles in explaining the public's perception of air quality. A severe haze event with an extremely long duration that occurred in the year 2013–2014 is found to trigger the increase in public awareness of air quality, acting as a turning point. Before the turning point, AQPI is more influenced by sensory information (visibility) due to the low awareness level, but after the turning point it is more influenced by PM10 and people slowly forget about air quality. The retrospective AQPI analysis assuming a low level of awareness confirms that perceived air quality is indeed worst in the year 2013–2014. In other words, the high level of awareness after experiencing the record-long severe haze event in 2013–2014 makes people remember longer and more sensitive to the level of pollutants, thus explaining the increased public concerns in the recent years. Our results suggest the promising potential of social data for a better understanding of public perception and awareness of other natural and/or man-made hazards.</span></p>

scholarly journals Emerging Species and Genome Editing Tools: Future Prospects in Cyanobacterial Synthetic Biology

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant A. R. Gale ◽  
Alejandra A. Schiavon Osorio ◽  
Lauren A. Mills ◽  
Baojun Wang ◽  
David J. Lea-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Circuit Design ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Genetic Circuit ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Model Species ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Algal Biotechnology ◽  
Potential Applications

Recent advances in synthetic biology and an emerging algal biotechnology market have spurred a prolific increase in the availability of molecular tools for cyanobacterial research. Nevertheless, work to date has focused primarily on only a small subset of model species, which arguably limits fundamental discovery and applied research towards wider commercialisation. Here, we review the requirements for uptake of new strains, including several recently characterised fast-growing species and promising non-model species. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of new techniques available for transformation, genetic engineering and regulation, including an up-to-date appraisal of current Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) research in cyanobacteria. We also provide an overview of several exciting molecular tools that could be ported to cyanobacteria for more advanced metabolic engineering approaches (e.g., genetic circuit design). Lastly, we introduce a forthcoming mutant library for the model species Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 that promises to provide a further powerful resource for the cyanobacterial research community.

scholarly journals Animals as Sentinels: Using Comparative Medicine To Move Beyond the Laboratory

ILAR Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Rabinowitz ◽  
Matthew L Scotch ◽  
Lisa A Conti
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Comparative Medicine

Abstract The comparative medicine approach, as applied to the study of laboratory animals for the betterment of human health, has resulted in important medical and scientific progress. Much of what is known about the human health risks of many toxic and infectious hazards present in the environment derives from experimental studies in animals and observational (epidemiological) studies of exposed human populations. Yet there is a third source of “in vivo” knowledge about host-environment interactions that may be underused and -explored: the study of diseases in naturally occurring animal populations that may signal potential human health threats. Just as canaries warned coal miners of the risk of toxic gases, other nonhuman animals, due to their greater susceptibility, environmental exposure, or shorter life span, may serve as “sentinels” for human environmental health hazards. Traditionally, communication between human and animal health professionals about cross-species sentinel events has been limited, but progress in comparative genomics, animal epidemiology, and bioinformatics can now provide an enhanced forum for such communication. The “One Health” concept involves moving toward a comparative clinical approach that considers “shared risks” between humans and animals and promotes greater cooperation and collaboration between human and animal health professionals to identify and reduce such risks. In doing so, it also creates new opportunities for the field of comparative medicine that can supplement traditional laboratory animal research.

Insights into the epidemiology and genetic make-up ofOesophagostomum bifurcumfrom human and non-human primates using molecular tools

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. GASSER ◽  
J. M. de GRUIJTER ◽  
A. M. POLDERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Control ◽  
Significant Disease ◽  
Human Primate

The nodule wormOesophagostomum bifurcum(Nematoda: Strongylida) is a parasite of major human health importance predominantly in northern Togo and Ghana. Currently, it is estimated that 0·25 million people are infected with this nematode, and at least 1 million people are at risk of infection. Infection with this parasite causes significant disease as a consequence of encysted larvae in the wall of the large intestine. In spite of the health problems caused byO. bifurcum, there have been significant gaps in the knowledge of the biology, transmission and population genetics of the parasite. This review provides an account of some recent insights into the epidemiology and genetics of the parasite from human and non-human primate hosts in specific regions of Africa using molecular tools. Recent research findings are discussed mainly in relation to non-human primates being reservoirs of infection, and the consequences for the prevention and control of oesophagostomiasis in humans are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Nature and the Pattern of Menstrual Problems among Adolescent Girls

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 10916-10918
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Emotional Challenges ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
And Behavior

Human health is a prime factor of a Country’s Economic development. Women play a vital role in preserving the Human health and wellbeing of the society. Healthy Women means Healthy World which represents the fact that women are the caretakers of family’s health. Healthy families lead to healthy society. Health of future generation depends on healthy mothers. Menstrual problems are the major issue among women, which has to be handled with utmost priority. Most of the women are suffering from menstrual problems. Every woman in her life time, from menarche to menopause faces at least one or more of menstrual problems. It disturbs day to day life of women. Life style and behavior will be changed as soon as a girl attained puberty. After puberty the girl will experience Physical, Psychological and Emotional challenges in her life. Age at puberty is a turning point in her life and it makes her to have change in her interpersonal relations especially with her friends and counterpart.

scholarly journals Antibodies, Nanobodies, or Aptamers—Which Is Best for Deciphering the Proteomes of Non-Model Species?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2485
Author(s):  
Poshmaal Dhar ◽  
Rasika M. Samarasinghe ◽  
Sarah Shigdar
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Functional Part ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Protein Signature

This planet is home to countless species, some more well-known than the others. While we have developed many techniques to be able to interrogate some of the “omics”, proteomics is becoming recognized as a very important part of the puzzle, given how important the protein is as a functional part of the cell. Within human health, the proteome is fairly well-established, with numerous reagents being available to decipher cellular pathways. Recent research advancements have assisted in characterizing the proteomes of some model (non-human) species, however, in many other species, we are only just touching the surface. This review considers three main reagent classes—antibodies, aptamers, and nanobodies—as a means of continuing to investigate the proteomes of non-model species without the complications of understanding the full protein signature of a species. Considerations of ease of production, potential applications, and the necessity for producing a new reagent depending on homology are presented.

Health justice and capabilities: A turning point for global health?

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-ming Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Health Rights ◽  
Health Justice ◽  
Global Health Justice

This essay discusses two important recent books on health justice and makes the case for their relevance to global health and to social and political mobilization for health reform. Health and Social Justice (Ruger, 2010) and Health Justice (Venkatapuram, 2011) approach theories of capabilities and justice as the substantive ground of human health. They substantiate and more fully specify the capabilities paradigm, its shared basis with health rights and its relevance to health reforms and the growing global health justice movement. The recent turning point for global health invites a meeting point with the capabilities paradigm. The capabilities approach offers conceptual and practical potential for ‘global health’, linking normative, substantive and procedural claims for health justice and health rights.

Replications can cause distorted belief in scientific progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Białek
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychological Science

AbstractIf we want psychological science to have a meaningful real-world impact, it has to be trusted by the public. Scientific progress is noisy; accordingly, replications sometimes fail even for true findings. We need to communicate the acceptability of uncertainty to the public and our peers, to prevent psychology from being perceived as having nothing to say about reality.

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