scholarly journals Antibodies, Nanobodies, or Aptamers—Which Is Best for Deciphering the Proteomes of Non-Model Species?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2485
Author(s):  
Poshmaal Dhar ◽  
Rasika M. Samarasinghe ◽  
Sarah Shigdar
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Functional Part ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Protein Signature

This planet is home to countless species, some more well-known than the others. While we have developed many techniques to be able to interrogate some of the “omics”, proteomics is becoming recognized as a very important part of the puzzle, given how important the protein is as a functional part of the cell. Within human health, the proteome is fairly well-established, with numerous reagents being available to decipher cellular pathways. Recent research advancements have assisted in characterizing the proteomes of some model (non-human) species, however, in many other species, we are only just touching the surface. This review considers three main reagent classes—antibodies, aptamers, and nanobodies—as a means of continuing to investigate the proteomes of non-model species without the complications of understanding the full protein signature of a species. Considerations of ease of production, potential applications, and the necessity for producing a new reagent depending on homology are presented.

scholarly journals A Brief Review on Challenges in Design and Development of Nanorobots for Medical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10385
Author(s):  
Gautham Giri ◽  
Yaser Maddahi ◽  
Kourosh Zareinia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Scale Down ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Robotics is a rapidly growing field, and the innovative idea to scale down the size of robots to the nanometer level has paved a new way of treating human health. Nanorobots have become the focus of many researchers aiming to explore their many potential applications in medicine. This paper focuses on manufacturing techniques involved in the fabrication of nanorobots and their associated challenges in terms of design architecture, sensors, actuators, powering, navigation, data transmission, followed by challenges in applications. In addition, an overview of various nanorobotic systems addresses different architectures of a nanorobot. Moreover, multiple medical applications, such as oncology, drug delivery, and surgery, are reviewed and summarized.

scholarly journals Probiotic: An Uprising Human Health Concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amishi Bhatt ◽  
Dhyey Kothari ◽  
Charmy Kothari ◽  
Ramesh Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Most of our gut microbiota live with us in a mutually beneficial life-long relationship. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in the host’s overall health through its metabolic activities. Human microbiota might be supported by consuming friendly bacteria (probiotics) and consuming foods to improve the microbiota (prebiotics). During the last two decades, probiotics’ interest has increased with rising scientific shreds of evidence of benefits on human health. Hence, they have been exploited as various food products, mainly fermented foods. Probiotics as a treatment modality may restore normal microbiota and functioning of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Strong scientific evidence is associating these bacteria with the prevention and therapy of various GI disorders. (In light of the ongoing trend of probiotics, further research is needed to obtain the perspective of potential applications for better health. Probiotic applications have been extended from health applications to food and agricultural applications. The benefits of probiotics led to its applications in probiotic ‘health food’ industries and agricultural sectors.

Tourists in the garden; human health and happiness and the semiotics of garden visiting.

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Richard W. Benfield
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract In this chapter the motivations of garden visiting are explored at a deeper level, into the realm of psychology and psychological drivers to gardens. This research area is called "semiotics". It is suggested that examination of the five senses would be a major indicator of semiotics as much of what a tourist experiences or displays would be recorded through the five human senses. Moreover, the five senses lead to a realization of happiness which is what tourism seeks and indeed what the human species ultimately wishes. A case study is presented of semiotics research conducted in the Queens Botanical Garden, Flushing, New York, USA. The literature that links gardens (and gardening) to human health and well-being is also reviewed.

scholarly journals Generic Homo sapiens and Unique Mus musculus: Establishing the Typicality of the Modeled and the Model Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 122-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Brain Mass ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Neural Architecture

The question of how complex human abilities evolved, such as language or face recognition, has been pursued by means of multiple strategies. Highly specialized non-human species have been examined analytically for formal similarities, close phylogenetic relatives have been examined for continuity, and simpler species have been analyzed for the broadest view of functional organization. All these strategies require empirical evidence of what is variable and predictable in both the modeled and the model species. Turning to humans, allometric analyses of the evolution of brain mass and brain components often return the interesting, but disappointing answer that volumetric organization of the human brain is highly predictable seen in its phylogenetic context. Reconciling this insight with unique human behavior, or any species-typical behavior, represents a serious challenge. Allometric analyses of the order and duration of mammalian neural development show that, while basic neural development in humans is allometrically predictable, conforming to adult neural architecture, some life history features deviate, notably that weaning is unusually early. Finally, unusual deviations in the retina and central auditory system in the laboratory mouse, which is widely assumed to be “generic,” as well as severe deviations from expected brain allometry in some mouse strains, underline the need for a deeper understanding of phylogenetic variability even in those systems believed to be best understood.

Retrospective Review of Microbial Ecological Processes to understand Environmental Biotechnology

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 695-708
Author(s):  
Waheed Ahmad ◽  
Tazeen . ◽  
Andleeb Farooq ◽  
Maham Irfan ◽  
Nawal Naveed Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Environmental Biotechnology ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Near Future

We—Waheed Ahmad, Andleeb Farooq, Tazeen, Maham Irfan and Nawal Naveed Abbasi— have made an attempt to explain the Retrospective review of microbial ecological processes to understand environmental biotechnology. The fields of environmental biotechnology and microbial ecology are two blossoming fields that have greatly benefited from the advancements in biology, engineering, computing and materials. Although both of the fields are traditionally varied, but the future of both the disciplines are linked to one another. Both the fields, together, provide and promise so much to help society, face and eradicate an environmental problems and challenges, sustainability, human health and security. Moreover, we have also talked about the microbial ecological processes to better understand environmental biotechnology, potential applications of these processes towards our own environment and the future perspective that where this technology is accelerating and heading towards, and what more methods and processes will be witnessed in near future to successfully eradicate and degrade the pollutants and contaminants from the environment through the interaction between microbial communities and their environment for a better, secure and sustainable ecosystem.

scholarly journals Recent Trends on Biosurfactants With Antimicrobial Activity Produced by Bacteria Associated With Human Health: Different Perspectives on Their Properties, Challenges, and Potential Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra De Giani ◽  
Jessica Zampolli ◽  
Patrizia Di Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Low Toxicity

The attention towards the bacteria associated with human health is growing more and more, above all regarding the bacteria that inhabit the niches offered by the human body, i.e., the gastrointestinal tract, skin, vaginal environment, and lungs. Among the secondary metabolites released by microorganisms associated with human health, little consideration is given to the biosurfactants, molecules with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature. Their role in the complex human environment is not only the mere biosurfactant function, but they could also control the microbiota through the quorum sensing system and the antimicrobial activity. These functions protect them and, accordingly, the human body principally from microbial and fungal pathogens. Consequently, nowadays, biosurfactants are emerging as promising bioactive molecules due to their very different structures, biological functions, low toxicity, higher biodegradability, and versatility. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive perspective of biosurfactants with antimicrobial activity produced by bacteria associated with the human body and related to everything human beings are in contact with, e.g., food, beverages, and food-waste dumping sites. For the first time, the role of an “-omic” approach is highlighted to predict gene products for biosurfactant production, and an overview of the available gene sequences is reported. Besides, antimicrobial biosurfactants’ features, challenges, and potential applications in the biomedical, food, and nutraceutical industries are discussed.

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