Gene expression profile of rat ovarian tissue following xenotransplantation into immune-deficient mice

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cansu Agca ◽  
Mathew C Lucy ◽  
Yuksel Agca
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Ovarian Metabolism ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Deficient Mice

Immune-compromised mice have been used as gonadal tissue recipients to develop gametes of various mammalian species. The aim of this research was to determine gene expression differences between fresh and frozen–thawed rat xenotransplanted (XT) ovaries as well the gene expression differences between XT and sexually mature rat ovaries that were non-transplanted (NT). Ovaries from sexually immature female rats were transplanted under the kidney capsule of ovariectomized athymic nude mice either fresh or after freezing. The XT ovaries were collected ∼10–12 weeks after xenografting for microarray analysis. The NT ovaries were collected from sexually mature rats. Gene expression was very similar between fresh and cryopreserved XT ovaries: 125 genes were twofold up- or downregulated, but level of regulation was not statistically significant. Overall patterns of gene expression between XT and NT ovaries were very different indicated by the absence of diagonal relationship between XT and NT ovary gene expression. More than 3000 genes were significantly (P<0.01) up- or downregulated between XT and NT ovaries. Genes involved in metabolic processes, lipid metabolism, and growth were downregulated in XT ovaries, whereas genes involved in immune and inflammatory response were upregulated in XT ovaries. The results showed that ovarian tissue xenografting significantly alters genes responsible for ovarian metabolism and function and leads to an upregulation of genes responsible for graft rejection.

scholarly journals Gene Expression in Granulosa Cells From Small Antral Follicles From Women With or Without Polycystic Ovaries

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 6182-6192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ann Owens ◽  
Stine Gry Kristensen ◽  
Avi Lerner ◽  
Georgios Christopoulos ◽  
Stuart Lavery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Oocyte Aspiration ◽  
And Function

Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulation. A key feature of PCOS is arrest of follicles at the small- to medium-sized antral stage. Objective and Design To provide further insight into the mechanism of follicle arrest in PCOS, we profiled (i) gonadotropin receptors; (ii) characteristics of aberrant steroidogenesis; and (iii) expression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor in granulosa cells (GCs) from unstimulated, human small antral follicles (hSAFs) and from granulosa lutein cells (GLCs). Setting GCs from hSAFs were collected at the time of cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for fertility preservation and GLCs collected during oocyte aspiration before in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Participants We collected hSAF GCs from 31 women (98 follicles): 10 with polycystic ovaries (PCO) and 21 without. GLCs were collected from 6 women with PCOS and 6 controls undergoing IVF. Main Outcome Measures Expression of the following genes: LHCGR, FSHR, AR, INSR, HSD3B2, CYP11A1, CYP19, STAR, AMH, AMHR2, FST, INHBA, INHBB in GCs and GLCs were compared between women with PCO and controls. Results GCs in hSAFs from women with PCO showed higher expression of LHCGR in a subset (20%) of follicles. Expression of FSHR (P < 0.05), AR (P < 0.05), and CYP11A1 (P < 0.05) was lower, and expression of CYP19A1 (P < 0.05), STAR (P < 0.05), HSD3B2 (P = NS), and INHBA (P < 0.05) was higher in PCO GCs. Gene expression in GL cells differed between women with and without PCOS but also differed from that in GCs. Conclusions Follicle arrest in PCO is characterized in GCs by differential regulation of key genes involved in follicle growth and function.

scholarly journals The effect of neurogenin3 deficiency on pancreatic gene expression in embryonic mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Petri ◽  
Jonas Ahnfelt-Rønne ◽  
Klaus Stensgaard Frederiksen ◽  
David George Edwards ◽  
Dennis Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
And Function ◽  
Deficient Mice

To understand the molecular mechanisms regulating pancreatic endocrine development and function, pancreatic gene expression was compared between Ngn3-deficient mice and littermate controls on embryonic days 13 and 15. Microarray analysis identified 504 genes with significant differences in expression. Fifty-two of these showed at least twofold reduction in Ngn3 knockouts compared to controls. Many of them were previously described to be involved in endocrine development and function. Among the genes not previously characterized were Rhomboid veinlet-like 4, genes involved in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis and the Iroquois-type homeobox gene Irx1, the latter was selected for further investigation. In situ hybridisation demonstrated that two Iroquois genes, Irx1 and Irx2, were expressed in pancreatic endoderm of wild-type, but not Ngn3 mutant embryos. Furthermore, ectopic Ngn3 induced prominent Irx2 expression in chicken endoderm. Co-labelling established that Irx1 and Irx2 mRNA is located to glucagon-, but not insulin- or somatostatin-producing cells in mice and chicken. These data suggest that Irx1 and Irx2 serve an evolutionary conserved role in the regulation of α-cell-specific gene expression.

scholarly journals Alterations in cardiac contractility and gene expression during low-T3 syndrome: prevention with T3

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (5) ◽  
pp. E951-E956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey L. Katzeff ◽  
Saul R. Powell ◽  
Kaie Ojamaa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mrna Isoform

The low-T3 syndrome is a metabolic response resulting in a decreased serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration that has uncertain effects on thyroid hormone-responsive gene expression and function. We measured cardiac myocyte gene expression and cardiac contractility in young adult female rats using chronic calorie deprivation as a model of the low-T3 syndrome. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosinetriphosphatase (SERCA2) and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform mRNA content were measured after 28 days on a 50% calorie-restricted diet (low T3) with or without T3 treatment (6 μg ⋅ kg body wt−1 ⋅ day−1). The low-T3 animals had decreased maximal rates of contraction (−13%; P < 0.05) and relaxation (−18%; P < 0.05) compared with the control and the T3-treated groups. There was a 21% ( P < 0.05) increase in left ventricular (LV) relaxation time in the low-T3 animals vs. both control and T3-treated groups. The LV content of the SERCA2 mRNA was decreased significantly (37%) in the low-T3 rats and was increased ( P < 0.05) with T3 treatment vs. controls. The α-MHC mRNA isoform decreased in the low-T3 animals but was unchanged in the T3-treated animals. T3 supplementation normalized both cardiac function and phenotype of calorie-restricted animals, suggesting a role for the low-T3syndrome in the pathophysiological response to calorie restriction.

scholarly journals Cardiomyopathy in Irx4-Deficient Mice Is Preceded by Abnormal Ventricular Gene Expression

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1730-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit G. Bruneau ◽  
Zheng-Zheng Bao ◽  
Diane Fatkin ◽  
Jose Xavier-Neto ◽  
Dimitrios Georgakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
And Function ◽  
Expression Program ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT To define the role of Irx4, a member of the Iroquoisfamily of homeobox transcription factors in mammalian heart development and function, we disrupted the murine Irx4 gene. Cardiac morphology in Irx4-deficient mice (designatedIrx4 Δex2/Δex2) was normal during embryogenesis and in early postnatal life. AdultIrx4 Δex2/Δex2 mice developed a cardiomyopathy characterized by cardiac hypertrophy and impaired contractile function. Prior to the development of cardiomyopathy,Irx4 Δex2/Δex2 hearts had abnormal ventricular gene expression: Irx4-deficient embryos exhibited reduced ventricular expression of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor eHand (Hand1), increasedIrx2 expression, and ventricular induction of an atrial chamber-specific transgene. In neonatal hearts, ventricular expression of atrial natriuretic factor and α-skeletal actin was markedly increased. Several weeks subsequent to these changes in embryonic and neonatal gene expression, increased expression of hypertrophic markers BNP and β-myosin heavy chain accompanied adult-onset cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac expression of Irx1, Irx2, and Irx5 may partially compensate for loss of Irx4 function. We conclude that Irx4 is not sufficient for ventricular chamber formation but is required for the establishment of some components of a ventricle-specific gene expression program. In the absence of genes under the control of Irx4, ventricular function deteriorates and cardiomyopathy ensues.

scholarly journals Study of the effect of exposure to Phytoestrogens (Genistein) and estradiol (17β- estradiol) in the level of gene expression (CYP19A1) and quantifica-tion of aromatase in female rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1102
Author(s):  
Ahmed Nassir Faisal ◽  
Hanaa enaya mahod
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Rna Concentration

The current study was carried out to investigate the role of Phytoestrogens (genistein) in different concentrations and estrogens manufactured in tablets coated with or without progesterone at the level of gene expression of CYP19A1 and quantitative estimation of aromatase compared to control group. The results of the present study showed a significant increase in (P <0.05) In the level of quantitative estimation of serum aromatase enzyme and for all treatments compared to the control group (124.12). The highest level of the enzyme (322.00) in the group treated with genistein in combination with estradiol, while, the lowest rise in the level of aromatase enzyme (164.37) in the group treated with genistein combined with progesterone. There was also a significant decrease in the concentration of ribosomal RNA and all the treatments compared to the control group (1068.95), the Lower of RNA concentration was (373.70) in the group treated with genistein at a concentration of 50 mg | kg, While Less low concentration of RNA (1068.95) was observed in the groups treated with concurrent genistein with estradiol. The results of the present study indicate that there was a significant increase (P <0.05) in the level of gene expression of the aromatase enzyme in ovarian tissue and for all the treatments compared to control group (305.51). The highest level of gene expression of the enzyme (7.189) was observed in the groups treated with concurrent genistein with estradiol, While the lowest level of gene expression of aromatase (2.204) was observed in the groups treated with genistein combined with progesterone.

Inhibin a-subunit gene expression in the ovaries of immature female rats is stimulated by pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin

1986 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 1191-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Davis ◽  
Fiona Dench ◽  
Irene Nikolaidis ◽  
Judith A. Clements ◽  
Robert G. Forage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Subunit Gene ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Inhibin A ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

scholarly journals Mitochondrial dysfunction and consequences in calpain-3-deficient muscle

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa E. Jahnke ◽  
Jennifer M. Peterson ◽  
Jack H. Van Der Meulen ◽  
Jessica Boehler ◽  
Kitipong Uaesoontrachoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Calpain 3 ◽  
And Function ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract Background Nonsense or loss-of-function mutations in the non-lysosomal cysteine protease calpain-3 result in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A). While calpain-3 is implicated in muscle cell differentiation, sarcomere formation, and muscle cytoskeletal remodeling, the physiological basis for LGMD2A has remained elusive. Methods Cell growth, gene expression profiling, and mitochondrial content and function were analyzed using muscle and muscle cell cultures established from healthy and calpain-3-deficient mice. Calpain-3-deficient mice were also treated with PPAR-delta agonist (GW501516) to assess mitochondrial function and membrane repair. The unpaired t test was used to assess the significance of the differences observed between the two groups or treatments. ANOVAs were used to assess significance over time. Results We find that calpain-3 deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the muscles and myoblasts. Calpain-3-deficient myoblasts showed increased proliferation, and their gene expression profile showed aberrant mitochondrial biogenesis. Myotube gene expression analysis further revealed altered lipid metabolism in calpain-3-deficient muscle. Mitochondrial defects were validated in vitro and in vivo. We used GW501516 to improve mitochondrial biogenesis in vivo in 7-month-old calpain-3-deficient mice. This treatment improved satellite cell activity as indicated by increased MyoD and Pax7 mRNA expression. It also decreased muscle fatigability and reduced serum creatine kinase levels. The decreased mitochondrial function also impaired sarcolemmal repair in the calpain-3-deficient skeletal muscle. Improving mitochondrial activity by acute pyruvate treatment improved sarcolemmal repair. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that calpain-3 deficiency in the skeletal muscle is associated with poor mitochondrial biogenesis and function resulting in poor sarcolemmal repair. Addressing this deficit by drugs that improve mitochondrial activity offers new therapeutic avenues for LGMD2A.

The Fine Structure of Rat Granulosa Cell Cultures Correlated with Progestin Secretion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
T. M. Crisp ◽  
F.R. Denys
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin

The purpose of this paper is to present observations on the fine structure of rat granulosa cell cultures grown in the presence of an adenohypophyseal explant and to correlate the morphology of these cells with progestin secretion. Twenty-six day old immature female rats were given a single injection of 5 IU pregnant mares serum gonadotropin (PMS) in order to obtain ovaries with large vesicular follicles. At 66 hrs. post-PMS administration (estrus indicated by vaginal smear cytology), the ovaries were removed and placed in a petri dish containing medium 199 and 100 U penicillin/streptomycin (P/S)/ml. Under a 20X magnification dissecting microscope, some 5-8 vesicular follicles/ovary were punctured and the granulosa cells were expressed into the surrounding medium. The cells were transferred to centrifuge tubes and spun down at 1000 rpm for 5 mins.

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