scholarly journals EVIDENCE FOR THE PENETRATION OF THE VITELLINE MEMBRANE OF THE HEN'S OVUM BY A TRYPSIN-LIKE ACROSOMAL ENZYME

Reproduction ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. HOWARTH ◽  
S. T. DIGBY
Keyword(s):  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Acrosomal Enzyme

scholarly journals Formyl-met-leu-phe induces chemotaxis and acrosomal enzyme release in bull sperm

FEBS Letters ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vijayasarathy ◽  
S. Shivaji ◽  
M. Iqbal ◽  
P. Balaram
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Bull Sperm ◽  
Acrosomal Enzyme

Structure, Expression, and Hormonal Control of Genes from the Mosquito, Aedes aegypti, Which Encode Proteins Similar to the Vitelline Membrane Proteins of Drosophila melanogaster

1993 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonggu Lin ◽  
Martha T. Hamblin ◽  
Marten J. Edwards ◽  
Carolina Barillas-Mury ◽  
Michael R. Kanost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Vitelline Membrane

Outgrowth of Salmonellae and the Physical Property of Albumen and Vitelline Membrane as Influenced by Egg Storage Conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2553-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINRU CHEN ◽  
HILARY SHALLO THESMAR ◽  
WILLIAM L. KERR
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Fiber Optic Probe ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Egg Storage ◽  
Egg Albumen

This study was undertaken to determine the influence of storage time and temperature on the volume, weight, and pH of egg albumen, the physical strength of vitelline membrane, and the fate of Salmonella Enteritidis artificially inoculated into egg albumen. A fiber-optic probe was used for inoculation with Salmonella Enteritidis at 102, 104, or 106 cells per egg. Both fresh and inoculated eggs were stored at 4, 10, and 22°C for 6 weeks. Five fresh uninoculated eggs from each storage group were collected each week, and the weight, volume, and pH of the egg albumen were measured. The forces, energies, and degrees of membrane deformation required to rupture the vitelline membranes also were determined from either albumen-free yolks or yolks surrounded by albumen. In separate experiments, five inoculated eggs were evaluated each week for populations of Salmonella Enteritidis. When the eggs were stored at 4°C, the albumen retained significantly more volume and weight and had a relatively lower pH. The vitelline membranes from eggs stored at 4 and 10°C required more force and energy for rupture. Salmonellae flourished at 22°C, even in the albumen with the lowest initial population, 102 cells per egg. Storage at 4 and 10°C inhibited the growth of salmonellae in the albumen of eggs with initial populations of 102, 104, or 106 cells per egg. In eggs with initial Salmonella populations of 106 cells per egg that were stored at 22°C, the populations of reached as high as 1010 cells per egg after 4 weeks of storage. Storage at 4 and perhaps 10°C postponed the aging process of chicken eggs, preserved the antimicrobial agents of the albumen, and maintained the integrity of vitelline membrane. Low-temperature storage therefore had a significant impact on the safety and overall quality of the eggs.

Ultrastructural changes in the avian vitelline membrane during embryonic development

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-484
Author(s):  
Cynthia Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vegetal Pole

The vitelline (yolk) membrane of the avian egg plays a dual role during early embryonic development; it encloses the yolk and provides a substratum for expansion of the embryo (Fig. 1). Expansion appears to be dependent upon the movement of cells at the edge of the blastoderm which is intimately associated with the inner layer of the vitelline membrane (New, 1959; Bellairs, 1963). The blastoderm (embryonic plus extraembryonic cells) has almost covered the entire surface of the yolk by the third and fourth days of incubation, and when this stage has been reached the vitelline membrane ruptures over the embryo and slips toward the vegetal pole. Rupture of the membrane during development appears to be the consequence of a decrease in its mechanical strength (Moran, 1936), which changes most rapidly at the animal pole (over the embryo).

The role of microtubules in chick blastoderm expansion—a quantitative study using colchicine

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-277
Author(s):  
J. R. Downie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
General Context ◽  
Chick Blastoderm ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules

Since their discovery, cytoplasmic microtubules have been much studied in the context of cell movement and cell shape change. Much of the work has used drugs, particularly colchicine and its relatives, which break down microtubules — the so-called anti-tubulins. Colchicine inhibits the orientated movements of many cell types in vitro, and disrupts cell shape change in several morphogenetic situations. The investigation reported here used chick blastoderm expansion in New culture in an attempt to quantify the colchicine effect on orientated cell movement. However, although colchicine could halt blastoderm expansion entirely, a simple interpretation was not possible. (1) Colchicine at concentrations capable of blocking mitosis, and of disrupting all or most of the cytoplasmic microtubules of the cells studied, inhibited blastoderm expansion, often resulting in an overall retraction of the cell sheet. (2) Though blastoderm expansion does normally involve considerable cell proliferation, the colchicine effect could not be ascribed to a block on cell division since aminopterin, which stops cell division without affecting microtubules, did not inhibit expansion. (3) Blastoderm expansion is effected by the locomotion of a specialized band of edge cells at the blastoderm periphery. These are the only cells normally attached to the vitelline membrane — the substrate for expansion. When most of the blastoderm was excised, leaving the band of edge cells, and the cultures then treated with colchicine, expansion occurred normally. The colchicine effect on blastoderm expansion could not therefore be ascribed to a direct effect on the edge cells. (4) An alternative site of action of the drug is the remaining cells of the blastoderm. These normally become progressively flatter as expansion proceeds. If flattening in these cells is even partially dependent on their cytoplasmic microtubules, disruption of these microtubules might result in the inherent contractility of the cells resisting and eventually halting edge cell migration. That cell shape in these cells is dependent on microtubules was demonstrated by treating flat blastoderm fragments with colchicine. On incubation, the area occupied by these fragments decreased by 25–30 % more than controls. The significance of these results in the general context of orientated cell movements and cell shape determination is discussed, with particular emphasis on the analogous system of Fundulus epiboly.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Structural Barriers and Innate Immune Components during Incubation of the Avian Egg: Critical Interplay between Autonomous Embryonic Development and Maternal Anticipation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell T. Hincke ◽  
Mylène Da Silva ◽  
Nicolas Guyot ◽  
Joël Gautron ◽  
Marc D. McKee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Amniotic Membranes ◽  
Autonomous Development

The integrated innate immune features of the calcareous egg and its contents are a critical underpinning of the remarkable evolutionary success of the Aves clade. Beginning at the time of laying, the initial protective structures of the egg, i.e., the biomineralized eggshell, egg-white antimicrobial peptides, and vitelline membrane, are rapidly and dramatically altered during embryonic development. The embryo-generated extra-embryonic tissues (chorioallantoic/amniotic membranes, yolk sac, and associated chambers) are all critical to counteract degradation of primary egg defenses during development. With a focus on the chick embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus), this review describes the progressive transformation of egg innate immunity by embryo-generated structures and mechanisms over the 21-day course of egg incubation, and also discusses the critical interplay between autonomous development and maternal anticipation.

Morphological descriptions of the egg and larval stages of Trichuris suis Schrank, 1788

Parasitology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. S. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Trichuris Suis ◽  
System L

The egg and larval stages of Trichuris suis can be briefly characterized as follows: The egg: barrel shaped, possesses a thick shell consisting of three thick outer layers and an inner thin vitelline membrane, is operculate at each end and is unsegmented and unfertilized when freshly deposited. L. 1 within the egg: presence of an oral spear, a poorly denned oesophagus and an intestinal tract consisting of undifferentiated granulated material. L. 1 within the host: initial differentiation of an oesophagus, cell body, intestine and rectum. L. 2: further differentiation of the body organs and the appearance of the rudiments of the reproductive system. L. 3: initial development of reproductive system and development of a cloaca in the male thus distinguishing the sexes. L. 4: differentiation of reproductive system into vagina, uterus, oviduct and ovary in the female, and testis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, spicule and spicular muscle, sheath and tube in the male. L. 5 or adult stage: completed development of the sexual organs including formation of the vulval orifice and eggs in the female and seminal vesicle in the male.

Mutation of a vitelline membrane protein, BmEP80, is responsible for the silkworm “Ming” lethal egg mutant

Gene ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 515 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anli Chen ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Qiaoling Zhao ◽  
Shunming Tang ◽  
Xingjia Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Vitelline Membrane

Multiplication and Motility of Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis, Infantis, and Montevideo in In Vitro Contamination Models of Eggs

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1012-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOSHIYUKI MURASE ◽  
KAZUHIKO FUJIMOTO ◽  
RUI NAKAYAMA ◽  
KOICHI OTSUKI
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Human Patient ◽  
Polycarbonate Membrane ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Petri Plate

The invasive ability of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Infantis, and Montevideo in eggs was examined. Strains of these serovars originating from egg contents, laying chicken houses, and human patients were experimentally inoculated (0.1-ml dose containing 78 to 178 cells) onto the vitelline membrane of eggs collected from specific-pathogen-free chickens and incubated at 25°C. The test strains were detected in 25 of 138 yolk contents by day 6, indicating the penetration of Salmonella organisms through the vitelline membrane. There were no significant differences in overall rates of penetration between serovars. The organisms were also detected in the albumen from 125 of 138 eggs tested by day 6. Growth to more than 106 CFU/ml was observed in 48 of the 125 albumen samples. An inoculum of 1,000 Salmonella cells was added to 15 ml of albumen at the edge of a petri plate. A 10-mm-diameter cylindrical well, the bottom of which was sealed with a polycarbonate membrane with 3.0-μm pores, was filled with egg yolk and placed into the albumen at the center of the dish, which was maintained at 25°C. Experiments were performed in triplicate with each strain. Salmonella organisms in all the albumen samples were detected by day 11. However, motility of the organisms toward the yolk was observed in only two dishes inoculated with the Salmonella Enteritidis strain from a human patient and in one dish inoculated with the Salmonella Infantis strain from liquid egg. The albumen samples obtained from the dishes inoculated with the Salmonella Enteritidis strain had high numbers of bacteria (>108 CFU/ml). The present study suggests that Salmonella organisms in egg albumen are unlikely to actively move toward the yolk, although deposition on or near the vitelline membrane can be advantageous for proliferation.

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