scholarly journals Interdependence of lean body mass and total body water, but not quality of life measures, during low dose GH replacement in GH-deficient adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annice Mukherjee ◽  
Judith E Adams ◽  
Linda Smethurst ◽  
Stephen M Shalet
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Gh Replacement ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Total Body

Lean body mass (LBM) and total body water (TBW) are reduced in GH-deficient (GHD) adults and alter with GH replacement. Whether these parameters are interdependent and whether alterations in their homeostasis contribute to the perceived quality of life (QOL) deficit in GHD remains unclear. In this study, IGF-I, body composition by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, TBW by deuterium dilution (D2O) and two validated QOL instruments - psychological general well-being schedule (PGWB, generic, 6 domains; lower score worse QOL) and assessment of GH deficiency in adults (AGHDA, disease orientated; higher score worse QOL) were studied at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of GH replacement in thirty GHD adults. Patients with diabetes insipidus, and cardiac and renal failure were excluded. Median age-adjusted IGF-I standard deviation score increased from −3.40 (−6.40 to −1.60) to −0.2 (−1.88 to 0.78) (P < 0.0001) at a median daily GH dose of 0.4 mg. During treatment, LBM increased from 47.4 ± 10.7 kg at baseline to 49.5 ± 10.8 kg at 6 months (P = 0.0008), and fat mass decreased from 28.0 ± 12.1 kg at baseline to 27.2 ± 12.6 kg at 6 months (P = 0.0004). A non-significant trend towards an increase in TBW was observed (mean 1.7 kg, P = 0.08). The PGWB score increased from 62.9 ± 20.6 to 73.7 ± 21.7 (P = 0.0006). The AGHDA score decreased from 13.7 ± 7.3 to 8.75 ± 7.75 (P = 0.0002). At each time point, a linear correlation between LBM and TBW was demonstrated, defined by TBW = (0.972 × LBM)–10.6. However, only a weakly positive correlation existed between the percentage changes in these variables (R = 0.40, P = 0.04). No correlations were demonstrated between QOL measures and body composition. The change in LBM with physiological GH replacement correlates weakly with change in TBW, therefore factors other than TBW may also contribute to the LBM changes. Improved QOL with GH replacement is not explained by favourable changes in body composition.

Density of lean body mass is greater in blacks than in whites

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1647-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Schutte ◽  
E. J. Townsend ◽  
J. Hugg ◽  
R. F. Shoup ◽  
R. M. Malina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male College ◽  
Correct Formula ◽  
Total Body

Previous studies have reported that Blacks have 10–20% more bone mineral than Whites of the same height. Theoretically, this should mean that the lean body mass of Blacks is denser than that of Whites, such that formulas for calculating lean body mass from density in Whites will overestimate the lean body mass (and thus underestimate fatness) in Blacks. To determine if the lean body mass of Blacks is indeed denser than that of Whites, we measured density, total body water, and anthropometric dimensions in 19 white and 15 black male college students. The black and white cohorts were nearly identical in height, weight, and total body water. Among the Whites there was no significant difference between the observed density and that predicted from anthropometry, nor were there any significant differences between the dimensions of body composition calculated from total body water and from observed density. Among the Blacks, however, the observed density was significantly greater than that predicted from anthropometry, and the lean body mass calculated from observed density was significantly greater than that calculated from total body water. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the lean body mass of the Blacks is denser than that of the Whites. Separate formulas should therefore be used for converting density to body composition. Based on our data, the correct formula for Blacks is: %fat = 100 X [(4.374/density) - 3.928]. This formula indicates a lean body density of 1.113 g/cm3 in Blacks compared with 1.100 in Whites.

COMPARISON OF TOTAL BODY POTASSIUM AND TOTAL BODY WATER WITH DENSITOMETRICALLY-MEASURED LEAN BODY MASS IN HEALTHY ADULTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
S. W. Lichtman ◽  
K. R. Segal ◽  
R. L. Ruskin ◽  
E. Presta ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Testosterone replacement therapy of opioid-induced male hypogonadism improved body composition but not pain perception: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorte Glintborg ◽  
Henrik Bjarke Vaegter ◽  
Louise Lehmann Christensen ◽  
Emma Bendix ◽  
Thomas Graven-Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Double Blind

Background Hypogonadism is prevalent during opioid treatment, but the effect of testosterone replacement treatment (TRT) on body composition, pain perception, and adrenal function is unclear. Purpose To measure changes in body composition, pain perception, quality of life, and adrenal function after TRT or placebo in opioid-treated men with chronic non-malignant pain. Methods Double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 41 men (>18 years) with total testosterone <12 nmol/L were randomized to 24 weeks TRT (Testosterone undecanoate injection three times/6 months, n = 20) or placebo (placebo-injections, n = 21). Outcomes Body composition (lean body mass and fat mass assessed by DXA), clinical pain intensity (numerical rating scale), and experimental pain perception (quantitative sensory assessment), quality of life (SF36), and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) test. Data were presented as median (quartiles). Mann–Whitney tests were performed on delta values (24–0 weeks) between TRT and placebo. Results The median age was 55 years (46; 59) and total testosterone before intervention was 6.8 (5.0; 9.3) nmol/L. TRT was associated with change of testosterone levels: 12.3 (7.0; 19.9) nmol/L (P < 0.001 vs placebo), increased lean body mass: 3.6 (2.3; 5.0) kg vs 0.1 kg (−2.1; 1.5) during TRT vs placebo and decreased total fat mass: −1.2 (−3.1; 0.7) kg vs 1.2 kg (−0.9; 2.5) kg, both P < 0.003. Changed pain perception, SF36, and ACTH-stimulated cortisol levels were non-significantly changed during TRT compared with placebo. Conclusions Six months of TRT improved body composition in men with opioid-induced hypogonadism without significant changes in outcomes of pain perception, quality of life, or adrenal function.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in rhGH-Induced Changes in Body Composition in GH-Deficient Adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 4161-4165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P. T. Span ◽  
Gerlach F. F. M. Pieters ◽  
Fred G. J. Sweep ◽  
Ad R. M. M. Hermus ◽  
Anthony G. H. Smals
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Rhgh Therapy ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Total Body

In GH-deficient adults, rhGH has pronounced effects on total body water, fat free mass, and fat mass. Recently, we observed a gender difference in IGF-I responsivity to rhGH that was sex steroid dependent. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of rhGH therapy on body composition parameters with due attention to the gender differences in biological responsiveness to rhGH. Forty-four women [36.9 ± 11.9 yr (mean ± sd)] and 33 men (37.2 ± 13.8 yr) with GH deficiency were studied every 6 months during 2 yr. The treatment goal was to achieve IGF-I levels within the age-adjusted normal range. Total body water, fat free mass, and fat mass were measured by bioimpedantiometry. To reach the treatment goal, the daily rhGH dose (IU/kg/d) had to be significantly higher in women than in men at all time intervals. During rhGH therapy, total body water and fat free mass increased significantly in both men and women (P ≤ 0.01 by ANOVA), but changes were more pronounced in men. Fat mass decreased during rhGH treatment and reached its nadir at 6 months, which was more pronounced in men than in women (P = 0.02 by ANOVA). After the initial decrease, fat mass increased again and reached baseline values after 2 yr of treatment. In both men and women, the total body water and fat free mass increases were closely related to the IGF-I increments (P &lt; 0.001 by Pearson’s correlation test). The decrease in fat mass correlated significantly with the increase in IGF-I in men (r = −0.89, P &lt; 0.001), not in women. Confirming our earlier data, IGF-I responsivity to rhGH was significantly higher in men than in women at all time intervals (P &lt; 0.01 by ANOVA). Total body water and fat free mass responsivities were also higher in men than in women (P &lt; 0.01 by ANOVA). In conclusion, gender differences in IGF-I responsivities to rhGH are accompanied by gender differences in the extent of body composition changes to rhGH. Probably because of these gender differences in IGF-I responsivity, the increases of total body water and fat free mass to rhGH replacement were greater in men than in women. Remarkably, however, in men, only total body water and fat free mass responses relative to changes in IGF-I increased during the 2 yr of rhGH therapy (P= 0.02 and 0.01, respectively, by ANOVA). In our opinion, this phenomenon might be explained by the increasing target organ sensitivity to IGF-I over time.

Total Body Water, Total Exchangeable Sodium and Related Variables in the Ghanaian

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-479
Author(s):  
S. Kojo Addae ◽  
S. Dakubu ◽  
E. T. Larmie ◽  
R. Boatin ◽  
E. H. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

1. Standard radioisotope dilution techniques employing [3H]water and [22Na]sodium chloride have been used to determine the total body water and total exchangeable sodium of 20 male and 10 female normal Ghanaians (Africans) aged 19–25 years. 2. Lean body mass and total body fat are calculated as a percentage of body weight; the total exchangeable sodium values have been expressed in relation to lean body mass. 3. Comparison of the data for Ghanaian subjects with published figures for Caucasian subjects of similar age shows that the Ghanaian men have much less total body fat and the women a little less total body fat than their Caucasian counterparts. 4. Total exchangeable sodium expressed in terms of lean body mass shows close agreement in both men and women.

The Influence of Menstrual Cycle on Bioimpedance Vector Patterns, Performance, and Flexibility in Elite Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Francesco Campa ◽  
Matteo Levi Micheli ◽  
Matilde Pompignoli ◽  
Roberto Cannataro ◽  
Massimo Gulisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Total Body

Purpose: To examine whether menstrual cycle affects body composition and bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) patterns, jumping and sprinting ability, and flexibility in elite soccer players. Methods: A total of 20 elite female soccer players (age: 23.8 [3.4] y, height: 1.63 [0.04] m, body mass: 61.4 [5.9] kg, and body mass index: 22.5 [2.4] kg/m2) were monitored during the early follicular and ovulatory phase across 2 consecutive menstrual cycles. Bioimpedance analysis was performed using foot-to-hand technology, and total body water and fat mass were determined by specific equations developed for athletes. Bioelectrical resistance and reactance were adjusted according to the BIVA procedures and plotted as a vector within the resistance–reactance graph. In addition, countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, and sit and reach were assessed. Results: A time effect (P < .05) was found for body mass, total body water, bioelectrical resistance and reactance, and flexibility. Specifically, body mass increased (P = .021) along with a gain in total body water (P = .001) from the ovulatory to the early follicular phase, while it decreased from the early follicular to the ovulatory phase during the second menstrual cycle. The BIVA vector shortened during the early follicular phases (P < .001). No change in jumping and sprinting capacity was observed (P > .05). Flexibility was impaired during the early follicular phases (P < .05). Conclusions: Specific bioelectrical impedance analysis and BIVA procedures are able to detect menstrual cycle–induced changes in body composition in elite soccer players. The early follicular phase resulted in fluid accumulations and BIVA vector shortening. In addition, while menstrual cycle did not affect performance, a fluctuation in flexibility was observed.

The Biological Aspects of Puberty

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Howard E. Kulin ◽  
Jørn Müller
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Total Body

Normal Pubertal Development SOMATIC CHANGES Puberty is characterized by an increase in growth rate and the appearance of striking somatic sex differences. The onset of these changes actually antedates the appearance of secondary sex characteristics by a few years. Thus, sexual maturation is a considerably longer process than the period of visible changes induced by marked incremental increases in gonadal hormones. Unlike boys, girls augment their body fat noticeably at 7 years of age; by 16 years of age girls have twice as much fat as boys. Total body water reflects lean body mass, which is made up primarily of muscle and skeletal tissues. At 9 years of age, total body water increases significantly in boys and signals the onset of more rapid growth in lean body mass. Muscle mass in boys doubles between the ages of 10 and 17 years, and skeletal mass doubles between ages 12 and 16 years. During adolescence boys exceed girls in all body measurements except hip width and body fat. The changes in body constituents during puberty are reflected more impressively by increases in height and weight. The initiation of the adolescent growth spurt precedes the onset of secondary sex characteristics by approximately 1 year in boys and girls.

Body composition of harp seals

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Gales ◽  
Deane Renouf ◽  
Elizabeth Noseworthy
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Body

Using chemical analysis we measured the composition of 26 harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) representing both sexes, aged between 3 months and 30 years, and encompassing a wide range of body conditions. Predictive relationships between total body water and total body fat contents, total body protein content, and gross energy were calculated. These equations allow accurate estimation of harp seal body composition provided total body water content and body mass are known. Using these data we compared the accuracy of three existing equations that have been used to predict body fat content of other species. We found that in adult harp seals, lean body mass has a relatively stable hydration of 70% but the hydration of blubber varied with body condition. Lipid content, and thus energy density of blubber, increased with increasing body condition.

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