Total Body Water, Total Exchangeable Sodium and Related Variables in the Ghanaian

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-479
Author(s):  
S. Kojo Addae ◽  
S. Dakubu ◽  
E. T. Larmie ◽  
R. Boatin ◽  
E. H. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

1. Standard radioisotope dilution techniques employing [3H]water and [22Na]sodium chloride have been used to determine the total body water and total exchangeable sodium of 20 male and 10 female normal Ghanaians (Africans) aged 19–25 years. 2. Lean body mass and total body fat are calculated as a percentage of body weight; the total exchangeable sodium values have been expressed in relation to lean body mass. 3. Comparison of the data for Ghanaian subjects with published figures for Caucasian subjects of similar age shows that the Ghanaian men have much less total body fat and the women a little less total body fat than their Caucasian counterparts. 4. Total exchangeable sodium expressed in terms of lean body mass shows close agreement in both men and women.

The Biological Aspects of Puberty

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Howard E. Kulin ◽  
Jørn Müller
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Total Body

Normal Pubertal Development SOMATIC CHANGES Puberty is characterized by an increase in growth rate and the appearance of striking somatic sex differences. The onset of these changes actually antedates the appearance of secondary sex characteristics by a few years. Thus, sexual maturation is a considerably longer process than the period of visible changes induced by marked incremental increases in gonadal hormones. Unlike boys, girls augment their body fat noticeably at 7 years of age; by 16 years of age girls have twice as much fat as boys. Total body water reflects lean body mass, which is made up primarily of muscle and skeletal tissues. At 9 years of age, total body water increases significantly in boys and signals the onset of more rapid growth in lean body mass. Muscle mass in boys doubles between the ages of 10 and 17 years, and skeletal mass doubles between ages 12 and 16 years. During adolescence boys exceed girls in all body measurements except hip width and body fat. The changes in body constituents during puberty are reflected more impressively by increases in height and weight. The initiation of the adolescent growth spurt precedes the onset of secondary sex characteristics by approximately 1 year in boys and girls.

COMPARISON OF TOTAL BODY POTASSIUM AND TOTAL BODY WATER WITH DENSITOMETRICALLY-MEASURED LEAN BODY MASS IN HEALTHY ADULTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
S. W. Lichtman ◽  
K. R. Segal ◽  
R. L. Ruskin ◽  
E. Presta ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals New and simple equations to estimate the energy and fat contents and energy density of humans in sickness and health

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Sutcliffe ◽  
Grant S. Knight ◽  
Jaime C. Pinilla ◽  
Graham L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Energy

Two formulas were derived to estimate the energy content of the human body which use only body mass, total body water by 3H2O dilution space and body minerals assessed by anthropometry. The formulas were tested in a body composition database of 561 patients and 151 normal volunteers using established metabolizable energy values for protein, fat and glycogen. Total body protein was determined by in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA), body water by dilution of tritium and body minerals from skeletal frame size. Body glycogen was assumed to be 14.6 % of the mineral component. Body fat was obtained by difference, body mass less the sum of water, protein, minerals and glycogen. The standard deviation in the estimate of body energy content was 30 MJ or 4.1 % of the energy content of reference man. Two formulas for body energy content were derived by regression with body mass, total body water and body minerals or height. Two formulas for energy density and formulas for percentage body fat were similarly derived.

MEASURES OF BODY FAT AND HYDRATION IN ADOLESCENT BOYS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-239
Author(s):  
Felix P. Heald ◽  
Edward E. Hunt ◽  
Robert Schwartz ◽  
Charles D. Cook ◽  
Orville Elliot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Body Water ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Fat Loss ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

A study of total body fat by simultaneously performing a variety of measurements of adiposity on each of 66 adolescent boys is described. Estimates of total body fat by densitometry indicate a 50% loss of body fat's contribution to total body weight from 12 to 18 years. Total body water, as measured by deuterium oxide, increases from 61% at age 12 years to 65% at age 18 years. Fat loss from this measurement closely parallels the fat changes estimated from densitometry. Lean body mass, hydration and adiposity appear to reach adult values at the sixteenth year. Subcutaneous fat measured by soft tissue x-rays films of the arm shows a similar fat loss, and of the same magnitude, when compared to densitometry and total body water estimates of fat. The triceps skinfold has a high correlation in estimating losses in fat during adolescence. The skinfold technique at this site provided a practical and accurate estimate of adiposity in adolescent boys.

Density of lean body mass is greater in blacks than in whites

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1647-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Schutte ◽  
E. J. Townsend ◽  
J. Hugg ◽  
R. F. Shoup ◽  
R. M. Malina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male College ◽  
Correct Formula ◽  
Total Body

Previous studies have reported that Blacks have 10–20% more bone mineral than Whites of the same height. Theoretically, this should mean that the lean body mass of Blacks is denser than that of Whites, such that formulas for calculating lean body mass from density in Whites will overestimate the lean body mass (and thus underestimate fatness) in Blacks. To determine if the lean body mass of Blacks is indeed denser than that of Whites, we measured density, total body water, and anthropometric dimensions in 19 white and 15 black male college students. The black and white cohorts were nearly identical in height, weight, and total body water. Among the Whites there was no significant difference between the observed density and that predicted from anthropometry, nor were there any significant differences between the dimensions of body composition calculated from total body water and from observed density. Among the Blacks, however, the observed density was significantly greater than that predicted from anthropometry, and the lean body mass calculated from observed density was significantly greater than that calculated from total body water. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the lean body mass of the Blacks is denser than that of the Whites. Separate formulas should therefore be used for converting density to body composition. Based on our data, the correct formula for Blacks is: %fat = 100 X [(4.374/density) - 3.928]. This formula indicates a lean body density of 1.113 g/cm3 in Blacks compared with 1.100 in Whites.

Body composition of harp seals

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Gales ◽  
Deane Renouf ◽  
Elizabeth Noseworthy
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Body

Using chemical analysis we measured the composition of 26 harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) representing both sexes, aged between 3 months and 30 years, and encompassing a wide range of body conditions. Predictive relationships between total body water and total body fat contents, total body protein content, and gross energy were calculated. These equations allow accurate estimation of harp seal body composition provided total body water content and body mass are known. Using these data we compared the accuracy of three existing equations that have been used to predict body fat content of other species. We found that in adult harp seals, lean body mass has a relatively stable hydration of 70% but the hydration of blubber varied with body condition. Lipid content, and thus energy density of blubber, increased with increasing body condition.

scholarly journals Whole Egg Consumption in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats Display a Dose-dependent Reduction in Weight Gain and Total Body Fat, Accompanied by an Increase in Lean Body Mass (P21-054-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Webb ◽  
Cassondra Saande ◽  
Kevin Schalinske ◽  
Matthew Rowling
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Egg Protein ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Zdf Rats ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Whole Egg

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the lowest dose of whole egg-based diets to effectively attenuate the obese phenotype in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats using a dose-response experimental design. Methods Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats (n = 8) and their lean controls (n = 8) were obtained at 6 weeks of age. Following one week of acclimation, animals were randomly assigned to one of 5 treatment groups: a casein-based diet (20% protein, w/w) or a whole-egg based diet provided at either 20, 10, 5, or 2.5% egg protein (w/w). Animals were fed their respective diets for 8 weeks with weight gain and food intake measured daily. At 14 weeks of age, body composition was analyzed by dual X-ray absorptiometry and statistical differences were measured between groups using a 2-way ANOVA at P < 0.05. Results Whole egg-based diets exerted a dose-dependent decrease in cumulative body weight gain and final body weight; increased in food intake; decreased total body fat; and increased lean body mass. Interestingly, the 20% whole egg protein diet decreased body fat and increased lean body mass in the ZDF rats and their lean controls. Conclusions Together, these data support the hypothesis that dietary consumption of whole eggs may decrease weight gain, reduce body fat, and increase lean body mass in a dose-dependent manner in ZDF rats. These results suggest the need to modify dietary recommendations during T2D and obesity to potentially consume more whole egg. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Egg Nutrition Center and in part by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document