Plasma levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenal disorders and chronic renal failure

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Hashimoto ◽  
Tatsuya Nishioka ◽  
Yukiko Numata ◽  
Takashi Ogasa ◽  
Jingo Kageyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean

Plasma levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were measured in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disorders and chronic renal failure to investigate the clinical significance of plasma CRH. The mean plasma CRH level in normal subjects (N=26) was 1.64±0.43 pmol/l (normal range 0.77–2.5 pmol/l). Four of six patients with hypothalamic disorders receiving hydrocortisone supplementation had a low plasma CRH level. Two of six patients with Sheehan's syndrome had a low plasma CRH level whereas one patient had a high plasma CRH level. Two patients with Cushing's syndrome had a low plasma CRH level whereas two patients with Cushing's disease had a normal plasma CRH level. Six of 19 patients receiving prednisolone therapy had a low plasma CRH level. The mean plasma CRH level in this group was 0.97±0.34 pmol/l, which is significantly lower than that in the normal group. In this group, significant correlation was seen between plasma CRH and adrenocorticotropin levels. Eleven of 21 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis had a high plasma CRH level. Just after hemodialysis the plasma CRH levels decreased in 15 of 20 patients, while plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol levels increased in 13 of 19 patients and in 15 of 20 patients, respectively. Immunoreactive CRH in plasma measured both before and after hemodialysis eluted similarly on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. These results suggest that the plasma CRH level is at least partially suppressed by a chronically elevated plasma glucocorticoid level and that CRH in plasma is partially removed by hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of plasma zinc and copper in patient with chronic renal failure in Khartoum State - Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-354
Author(s):  
Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi ◽  
Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed ◽  
Mutaz Ibrahim Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Mean

The kidney is complex vital organs, and has many functions. The main function it‘s removal of toxic and excess  substancesfrom the plasma, if there is any defect in the kidney like renal failure can disrupt  this function. The aim of this study was to determine the level of Zinc and Copper in Sudanese patient with chronic renal failure. This study was designed as case control, which includes 100 blood samples, a 60 from these sample were collected from patient with chronic renal failure and 40 samples were collected from health individual as control group and the sample is collected by using sterile disposable syringes and separated by centrifuge. Carried out in Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum state, during period from March to June 2018. And the plasma levels of zinc and copper determined by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (OPERATOR’S MANUAL January 2003 VER 3.94 C), and the obtained results were analyzed by SPSS. The result of this study showed that there was significant decrease (p<0.05) in the plasma levels of zinc and copper in patient with chronic renal failure compared to the control subjects. The mean of plasma Zn was 0.3mg/l in test group and 0.7mg/l in control group with p. value of 0.002 and the mean of plasma Copper was 0.5mg/l in test group and 0.7mg/l in control group with p. value of 0.019. Also the study showed the gender and age of the patient, also the duration of the disease have no effect on the plasma level of zinc and copper (p 0.05). The study concludes that the plasma level of zinc and copper are low in patient with chronic renal failure. And the gender and age of the patient also the duration of disease have no significant effect on the plasma level of zinc and copper. Keywords: Chronic Renal Failure, Zinc, Copper, Sudanese

Ketamine and Etomidate Down-regulate the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in an Endotoxemic Mouse Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Besnier ◽  
Thomas Clavier ◽  
Marie-Christine Tonon ◽  
Jean Selim ◽  
Antoine Lefevre-Scelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Side Chain Cleavage ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Chain Cleavage ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Abstract Background We compared the effects of etomidate and ketamine on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis during sepsis. Methods Mice (n = 5/group) were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg) and 6 h later randomized to receive ketamine (100 mg/kg), etomidate (30 mg/kg), or saline. At two time points (12 and 48 h), messenger RNA levels of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone, pituitary proopiomelanocortin, and four adrenal enzymes (P450 side-chain cleavage, 3β-hydroxysteroid deshydrogenase, 21-hydroxylase, and 11β-hydroxylase) were measured by in situ hybridization (results are presented as optical density), and plasma levels of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropin hormones were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mean ± SD). Results At 12 h, lipopolysaccharide induced an overexpression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (32 ± 5 vs. 18 ± 6, P &lt; 0.01), proopiomelanocortin (21 ± 3 vs. 8 ± 0.9, P &lt; 0.0001), P450 side-chain cleavage (32 ± 4 vs. 23 ± 10, P &lt; 0.05), 21-hydroxylase (17 ± 5 vs. 12 ± 2, P &lt; 0.05), and 11β-hydroxylase (11 ± 4 vs. 6 ± 0.5, P = 0.001), and an elevation of corticosterone (642 ± 165 vs. 98.3 ± 63 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.0001). Etomidate and ketamine reduced P450 side-chain cleavage (19 ± 7 and 19 ± 3 vs. 32 ± 4, P &lt; 0.01), 21-hydroxylase (8 ± 0.8 and 8 ± 1 vs. 17 ± 5, P &lt; 0.001), 11β-hydroxylase (4 ± 0.5 and 7 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 4, P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.05), and corticosterone (413 ± 189 and 260 ± 161 vs. 642 ± 165 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01). Ketamine also inhibited adrenocorticotropin hormone production (2.5 ± 3.6 vs. 36 ± 15 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05). At 48 h, all four adrenal enzymes were down-regulated by lipopolysaccharide administration with corticosterone levels similar to the control group. Ketamine and etomidate did not modify corticosterone plasma levels. Conclusions Our endotoxemic model induces an initial activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, followed by a secondary inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis processes. Ketamine and etomidate inhibit the enzyme expression and activity of the adrenal gland at the early stage.

scholarly journals High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Pyridinium Crosslinks in Serum, Urine and Dialysate of Patients in Chronic Renal Failure

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaila Ibrahim ◽  
Segun Mojiminiyi ◽  
Jeffrey L Barron
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pyridinium Crosslinks ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

This study describes an isocratic reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of pyridinium crosslinks in serum, urine and dialysates obtained from patients with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis. The mean (SD) urine pyridinoline (PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) to creatinine (Cr) ratio in 19 healthy volunteers was 28 · 9 (6 · 3) and 9 · 1 (3 · 6) μmol/mol, respectively. In the 22 patients the PYD/Cr and DPD/Cr ratio was 244·6 (436·5) and 66·5 (116·8)/μmol/mol, respectively. The mean serum PYD concentration in 29 patients of 268 · 5 (334 · 4) nmol/L was significantly higher than that of 5 · 9 (1 · 5) nmol/L found in normal volunteers: the mean DPD concentration was 82·9 (93·7) nmol/L in the patients but was undetectable in the serum from the normal volunteers. The concentration of crosslinks in pre-dialysis serum samples was higher than those found post-dialysis reflecting a significant removal of the crosslinks during dialysis. The assay of pyridinium crosslinks in serum, urine and dialyses fluid could potentially provide evidence of bone collagen turnover in patients in renal failure. Their measurement in serum and dialysate could be particularly useful in anuric patients.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND ANATOMOSIS OF ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAR IN PATIENTS WITH REGULARLY HEMODIALYSIS

2017 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Van Hien Pham ◽  
Huu Vu Quang Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic renal failure. When a patient undergoes dialysis, making AVF or AVG causes cardiovascular events. Understanding the relationship between complications: hypertension, heart failure, AVF or AVG (formation time, position, diameter) helps us monitor, detect, prevent and treatment of complications to limit the risk of death in patients with dialysis. Objective: Relationship between cardiovascular diseases and anatomosis of arteriovenous fistular in patients with regularly hemodialysis at Cho Ray Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Cho Ray Hospital from 2015 to 2016. The survey some cardiovascular diseases are done by clinical examination, tests for diagnostic imaging such as X-ray, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram: heart and diameter of anastomosis AVF, AVG. Results: The study population included 303 patients with chronic renal failure who were dialysis. Of which, patients aged 25-45 accounted for the highest proportion (43.9%). The proportion of male and female patients was similar (48.5% and 51.5% respectively). The mean value of systolic blood pressure on patients made AVF, AVG less than 12 months is higher than patients made AVF, AVG over 12 months, and there is negative correlation (r = -0.43) between AVF, AVG and systolic blood pressure (p <0.05). The mean value of diastolic blood pressure on patients made AVF, AVG less than 12 months is lower than patients made AVF, AVG over 12 months, and and there is positive correlation (r = -0.43) between AVF, AVG and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.05) (p <0.05). The prevalence of patients with heart failure made AVF, AVG over 12 months is higher than that of the under 12 months group, there is a negative correlation (r = - 0.43) between AVF, AVG diameter and EF index (p <0.05). Conclusion: It is important to note the diameter of anastomosis AVF, AVG in patients with chronic renal failure dialysis to limit cardiovascular complications, especially heart failure. Key words: Chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis.

Oral and Maxillofacial Manifestations of Mineral and Bone Disorders Associated with Chronic Renal Failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1328
Author(s):  
Andrada Raluca Doscas ◽  
Mihail Balan ◽  
Mihai Liviu Ciofu ◽  
Doriana Agop Forna ◽  
Marius Cristian Martu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Brown Tumors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Stage

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a multifactorial syndrome and a global health concern. As renal function declines, there is a progressive deterioration of mineral homeostasis. Starting from stage 3 of CKD oral manifestations of mineral disorders can occasionally appear and become more frequent and evident in stage 5. We retrospectively analysed 43 patients diagnosed with end stage renal failure undergoing dialysis, hospitalized in our clinic for different oral and maxillofacial pathologies. The mean dialysis period was 5.43 years. Radiographic alterations afecting the jaws were found in all patients. The most common feature was partial or total loss of lamina dura, followed by alterations of the bony trabeculae. 9 patients presented brown tumors which are considered the final stage of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with renal failure.

Favourable Effects of Muzolimine on Urea Plasma Levels in Chronic Renal Failure

1987 ◽  
pp. 412-414
Author(s):  
F. Mastrangelo ◽  
M. Napoli ◽  
C. Corliano’ ◽  
V. De Blasi ◽  
S. Rizzelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Plasma Levels
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