Mechanism of impaired growth hormone secretion in patients with Cushing's disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Takahashi ◽  
Hiroshi Bando ◽  
Chenyu Zhang ◽  
Ryuichi Yamasaki ◽  
Shiro Saito
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Observation Period

The function of the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-growth hormone (GH) axis in Cushing's disease was studied by monitoring (a) the GH responses to GHRH loading and L-dopa loading, (b) the GHRH response to L-dopa loading, and (c) the daytime profiles of plasma GH concentration. GH release following GHRH and L-dopa was blunted in patients as compared to that in age-matched control subjects. However, GHRH release following L-dopa was similar in patients and controls. The plasma GH levels in four patients measured every 20 min by a highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay for GH showed pulsatile GH secretion at low levels during the observation period. These results indicate that GHRH release from the hypothalamus is preserved in patients with Cushing's disease, and support the hypothesis that glucocorticoid inhibits GH secretion by altering the hypothalamic somatostatin tone.

Effect of actively immunizing sheep against growth hormone-releasing hormone or somatostatin on spontaneous pulsatile and neostigmine-induced growth hormone secretion

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Magnan ◽  
L Mazzocchi ◽  
M Cataldi ◽  
V Guillaume ◽  
A Dutour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Hypophysial Portal

Abstract The physiological role of endogenous circulating GHreleasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIH) on spontaneous pulsatile and neostigmine-induced secretion of GH was investigated in adult rams actively immunized against each neuropeptide. All animals developed antibodies at concentrations sufficient for immunoneutralization of GHRH and SRIH levels in hypophysial portal blood. In the anti GHRH group, plasma GH levels were very low; the amplitude of GH pulses was strikingly reduced, although their number was unchanged. No stimulation of GH release was observed after neostigmine administration. The reduction of GH secretion was associated with a decreased body weight and a significant reduction in plasma IGF-I concentration. In the antiSRIH group, no changes in basal and pulsatile GH secretion or the GH response to neostigmine were observed as compared to controls. Body weight was not significantly altered and plasma IGF-I levels were reduced in these animals. These results suggest that in sheep, circulating SRIH (in the systemic and hypophysial portal vasculature) does not play a significant role in pulsatile and neostigmine-induced secretion of GH. The mechanisms of its influence on body weight and production of IGF-I remain to be determined. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 83–90

Successful treatment of childhood-onset Cushing's disease is associated with persistent reduction in growth hormone secretion

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Carroll ◽  
J. P. Monson ◽  
A. B. Grossman ◽  
G. M. Besser ◽  
P. N. Plowman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Childhood Onset

scholarly journals Growth and growth hormone secretion in paediatric Cushing's disease

HORMONES ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Savage ◽  
Helen Storr ◽  
Ashley Grossman ◽  
Gerasimos Krassas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Cushing's Disease

Somatostatin tonically inhibits growth hormone secretion in domestic fowl

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Harvey ◽  
S.-K. Lam ◽  
T. R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Gh

ABSTRACT Passive immunization of immature chickens with sheep somatostatin (SRIF) antiserum promptly increased the basal plasma GH concentration and augmented TRH-induced GH secretion. Although exogenous SRIF had no inhibitory effect on the basal GH concentration in untreated birds or birds pretreated with non-immune sheep serum, it suppressed the stimulatory effect of SRIF immunoneutralization on GH secretion. These results suggest that SRIF is physiologically involved in the control of GH secretion in birds, in which it appears to inhibit GH release tonically. J. Endocr. (1986) 111, 91–97

The recovery of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ad renal axis after transsphenoidal operation in three patients with Cushing's disease. The effect of prior external pituitary irradiation

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W.J. Lamberts ◽  
Jan G. M. Klijn ◽  
Frank H. de Jong ◽  
Jan C. Birkenhäger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Pituitary Irradiation ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Abstract. The recovery of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis after selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy was studied in 3 patients with Cushing's disease by measuring basal plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations, cortisol secretion rate, the diurnal rhythm of cortisol, and the reaction of cortisol to lysine vasopressin (LVP), of compound S to metyrapone and of cortisol and growth hormone to an insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. The third patient had been treated previously by external pituitary irradiation. In 2 patients basal plasma ACTH levels returned within normal values before plasma cortisol, but no supra-physiological plasma concentrations of ACTH were seen as has been observed after withdrawal of exogenous glucocorticoids. With regard to the different stimulation tests: at first the normal reaction of plasma cortisol to LVP returned after 3 months, at the same time as the restoration of growth hormone secretion in response to hypoglycaemia. A normalization of the reaction to metyrapone was seen thereafter while finally the reaction of cortisol to an insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and the diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol returned 15 to 18 months after operation in the first patient and after 12 months in the second patient. Selective adenomectomy had also been carried out in the third patient, as evidenced by normal TSH, LH and FSH secretion. Hypocortisolism, and a deficient ACTH and growth hormone secretion in response to the stimuli mentioned, however, did not normalize up till 22 months after operation. The restoration of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis after selective pituitary adenomectomy in Cushing's disease was prevented in this patient by prior external pituitary irradiation.

Stimulation of in-vivo growth hormone secretion in young chickens by rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor and synthetic analogues

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Scanes ◽  
S. Harvey ◽  
J. Rivier ◽  
W. Vale
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
In Vivo Growth ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Rat hypothalamic GH-releasing factor (rhGRF), at doses between 0·1 and 10 μg/kg, increased plasma GH concentrations in immature domestic fowl 5–10 min after i.v. injection. Sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia blunted the GH responses to rhGRF, although in both conscious and anaesthetized chicks the maximal responses were induced by a dose of 1 μg rhGRF/kg. The stimulatory effect of rhGRF on in-vivo GH secretion was less than that provoked by corresponding doses of human pancreatic GRF, but greater than that elicited by two rhGRF analogues, (Nle27)-rhGRF(1–32) and (Nle27)-rhGRF(1–29). These results demonstrate that the chicken pituitary is responsive to mammalian GRF and provide evidence of structure-activity relationships of GRF in the domestic fowl. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 413–416

CHLORPROMAZINE INHIBITS EPISODIC GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IN THE RAT

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiji Wakabayashi ◽  
Megumi Kanda ◽  
Nobuyasu Miki ◽  
Reiko Demura ◽  
Kazuo Shizume
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Medial Basal Hypothalamus ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Episodic Growth ◽  
Plasma Gh

ABSTRACT Effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on plasma GH and prolactin levels were observed in conscious rats provided with chronic indwelling right atrial cannulae. The administration of CPZ (200 μg/100 g b.w. iv) suppressed episodic plasma GH burst and resulted in significant elevations of plasma prolactin levels. These were also observed in rats in which two types of hypothalamic deafferentation, i.e. anterior and complete, had been carried out. The data suggest that CPZ acts within the medial basal hypothalamus and inhibits episodic plasma GH secretion. In addition, it is inferred that catecholamines are involved in the generation of episodic plasma GH burst.

Growth hormone secretion patterns in relation to LH and estradiol secretion throughout normal female puberty

1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna M.B. Wennink ◽  
Henriette A. Delemarre-van de Waal ◽  
Rik Schoemaker ◽  
Gert Blaauw ◽  
Caro van den Braken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Abstract. Pulsatile growth hormone secretion patterns were studied in relation to luteinizing hormone and estradiol release in 33 healthy (pre)pubertal girls. Plasma GH was determined every 10 min, plasma LH and E2 every hour. Night-time GH release was always higher than daytime GH release. During daytime, all GH secretion parameters, except for the basal GH level, increased significantly from the prepubertal stage to stage B4 before (m−) the menarche (p=0.05) and decreased thereafter (p=0.05). During night-time, mean GH level and the fraction of GH in pulses also tended to increase from stage B1 to stage B4m−. The number of high pulses (>8 μg/l) during day and night together tended to increase until stage B4m− and decreased after the menarche (p=0.05). Height velocity did not correlate with the number of high pulses (Kendall τ=0.14, p=0.14). From stage B1 to B4m− high correlations were observed between E2 levels and GH secretion parameters, particularly during the day (τ=0.59-0.71, p≤0.01). The correlations between LH levels and GH secretion were high as well (τ=0.50-0.81, p≤0.01), but equal during day and night. It is concluded that during puberty 1. spontaneous GH release in girls increases 2-3 fold until the menarche and decreases thereafter, primarily as the result of an increasing and decreasing GH pulse amplitude; 2. diurnally increasing estradiol levels correlated with increasing GH secretion.

REGULATION OF GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IN THE OVINE FOETUS

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. C. WALLACE ◽  
B. D. STACY ◽  
G. D. THORBURN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

SUMMARY The rate of removal of immunoreactive, intravenously injected 125I-labelled sheep growth hormone (GH) was used to calculate metabolic clearance rates (MCR) in two foetal lambs at 130 days of gestation and in two 6-day-old lambs. The mean MCR calculated for the foetuses was 2·9 ml/min/kg and for the lambs 3·1 ml/min/kg. The concentration of GH in plasma sampled before injection was determined immunologically and the values were used to calculate production rates. A production rate of 924 ng GH/min was calculated for the foetuses and 85 ng GH/min for the lambs. The effect of sectioning the pituitary stalk was studied in two foetuses; after the operation there was a rapid decrease in the circulating levels of GH. Hypophysectomy in two other foetuses also caused an abrupt decrease in plasma GH concentration. It was concluded from these experiments that the exceptionally high concentrations of GH in the plasma of foetal lambs could not be attributed to impaired removal of the hormone from the circulation. The direct cause of the increased hormone concentrations was a high rate of GH secretion resulting from active stimulation of the foetal pituitary by the hypothalamus.

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