Pituitary and gonadal function in prepubertal and pubertal boys with hypospadias

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okuyama ◽  
M. Namiki ◽  
T. Koide ◽  
H. Itatani ◽  
N. Nishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Normal Means ◽  
Serum Peak ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pubertal Boys ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group Serum

Abstract. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LRH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) tests were performed in 18 prepubertal and 29 pubertal boys with hypospadias to examine pituitary and gonadal function. Thirty-one normal boys were also examined as controls. In the prepubertal group, the mean level of serum peak LH after LRH was significantly higher and the mean level of serum peak testosterone after hCG was significantly lower in boys with hypospadias than in normal boys, though about half of the patients had peak LH levels within ± 2 sd of the normal mean. There was little or no response to hCG in 3 out of 18 boys with hypospadias. In the pubertal group, serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone in all cases were clearly higher than those in the prepubertal group and distinct or moderate responses to LRH and hCG were found in all boys including patients examined. Although serum basal FSH and testosterone levels were similar in the two groups, the mean levels of serum basal LH, peak LH and FSH in LRH test were significantly higher and the mean level of serum peak testosterone after hCG was significantly lower in boys with hypospadias than in normal boys. However, more than half of the patients had these levels within ± 2 sd of the normal means. The difference was more marked in LH than in FSH levels. An elevated mean serum FSH suggests hypofunction of not only the Leydig cells but also of the seminiferous tubules at least in some boys with hypospadias.

Pituitary and gonadal function in prepubertal and pubertal cryptorchidism

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okuyama ◽  
H. Itatani ◽  
S. Mizutani ◽  
T. Sonoda ◽  
T. Aono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Bilateral Cryptorchidism ◽  
Pubertal Boys ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group Serum

Abstract. LRH and hCG tests were performed in 35 prepubertal and 35 pubertal boys with unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism to examine the pituitary and gonadal function. Twenty-one normal boys were also examined as controls. In the prepubertal group, distinct increases in serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels by LRH and hCG tests were found in all of the normal and unilateral cryptorchid boys. However, no or very little response was observed in 4 out of 17 boys with bilateral cryptorchidism. In the pubertal group, serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone in normal boys, in unilateral and in bilateral cryptorchid boys were evidently higher than those in the prepubertal group, and distinct or moderate responses by the LRH and hCG tests were found in all boys examined. Although serum testosterone levels were similar in all groups, serum basal and peak gonadotrophin levels by the LRH test were significantly higher in bilateral cryptorchid boys than in normal and unilateral cryptorchid boys. The difference was more marked in FSH than in LH level. An elevated level of serum LH is suggestive of the hypofunction of not only the seminiferous tubules but also of the Leydig cells in cryptorchid testes.

New Tolerance Analysis Model for Normal Mean Shift in Manufacturing Process

2008 ◽  
Vol 594 ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hsin Kuo ◽  
Jhy Cherng Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Mean Shift ◽  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Conventional Models

In this paper, we discuss the tolerance analysis methods for the component with a mean shift or drift. A new tolerance analysis model that assumes the mean shift in normal distribution rather than in uniform distribution is proposed. Simulation shows that the difference between the uniform distribution and normal distribution is 1.7%, which can be ignored, for mean shift to one standard deviation (σ). However, the difference becomes significant when the mean shift increases. The difference increases to 5.2% with 1.5σ shift, to 10.9% for 2σ shift, and up to 30.4% for 3σ shift. As normal distribution is a better model for statistical mean shift in manufacturing process, this investigation shows that the proposed tolerance analysis model can give a better model compared to conventional models.

Effects of acute stimulation with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) on biologically active and immunoreactive serum luteinizing hormone (LH) in pubertal boys

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanna Montanini ◽  
Marco Francesco Celani ◽  
Gian Franco Baraghini ◽  
Cesare Carani ◽  
Paolo Marrama
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Serum Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pubertal Boys

Abstract. The responses of biologically active LH (BIO-LH) and immunoreactive LH (RIA-LH) to acute stimulation with LRH (0.1 mg iv) were studied in 8 pubertal boys (9–15 years, 2nd–4th Tanner's stage), and in 10 healthy adult men (20–46 years). Serum levels of BIO-LH were assessed by an in vitro bioassay method based upon testosterone production by mechanically dispersed mouse Leydig cell preparations. In pubertal boys the mean BIO-LH/RIA-LH (B/I) ratio of basally secreted LH was significantly lower than in adult men (1.2 ± 0.2 (sem) and 2.2 ± 0.2 respectively, P < 0.01). After acute administration of LRH the mean B/I ratio of circulating LH showed a significant increase from the basal value in pubertal boys (2.6 ± 0.2, P < 0.01 vs basal values), whereas no significant difference in LH B/I ratios were demonstrated throughout the study period in adult men (2.1 ± 0.1, P = NS vs basal values). In agreement with this finding, the mean relative maximum response for BIO-LH (BIO-LH Δ%) was higher in pubertal boys than in adult men (1702.7 ± 500.3 and 499.6 ± 65.4% respectively, P < 0.05), whereas the mean RIA-LH Δ% was similar in both groups (609.1 ± 85.1 and 534.1 ± 75.5% respectively, P = NS). No significant differences were shown in the BIO-LH Δ area between pubertal boys (4.9 ± 0.9 area units × 103) and adult men (6.7 ± 1.2 area units × 103, P = NS), whereas the mean RIA-LH Δ area was significantly lower in the former group (1.9 ± 0.4 area units × 103 vs 3.2 ± 0.5 area units × 103, P < 0.05). Our study emphasizes that the pubertal pituitary possesses a greater responsiveness for BIO-LH than the adult pituitary, and that in pubertal boys acute stimulation with LRH evokes the release of a more bioactive form of LH.

scholarly journals Comparison of Serum Apolipoprotein Levels of Diabetic Children and Healthy Children with or without Diabetic Parents

Cholesterol ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashemi ◽  
Mohammad Saadat ◽  
Mohaddeseh Behjati ◽  
Roya Kelishadi
Keyword(s):  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

Introduction. The association of diabetes and atherosclerosis with disorders of lipids and lipoproteins, notably high apolipoprotein B (apoB) and low apolipoprotein A1(apoA1) is well established. Because of the beginning of the atherosclerosis' process from early life, in this study, the plasma levels of apoA1 and apoB were compared in diabetic children with type I diabetes mellitus(DM), healthy children with diabetic parents (HDPs),and healthy children with nondiabetic parents (HNDPs). Methods. This case-control study was conducted among 90 children aged 9–18 years. Serum levels of apoA and apoB were compared among 30 diabetic children (DM), 30 healthy children with diabetic parents (HDPs), and 30 healthy children with nondiabetic parents (HNDP). Results. The mean serum apoA1 was higher in DM (153±69 mg/dL) followed by HNDPs (138±58 mg/dL) and HDPs (128±56 mg/dl), but the difference was not statistically significant. The mean apoB value in HNDPs was significantly lower than DM and HDPs (90±21 mg/dL versus 127±47 and 128±38 mg/dL, P<0.05, respectively). The mean apoB levels in DM (127±47 mg/dl) and HDP (128±38 mg/dL) were not statistically significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusions. Diabetic children and healthy children with diabetic parent(s) are at higher risk of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Thus for primordial and primary prevention of atherosclerosis, we suggest screening these children for low plasma apoA1 and high plasma apoB levels.

Severity markers in patients with acute pancreatitis

Open Medicine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Kisaoglu ◽  
Bulent Aydinli ◽  
Gurkan Ozturk ◽  
Sabri Atamanalp ◽  
Bunyami Ozogul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

AbstractTo evaluate the effectiveness of serum levels of resistin and CD14 expression in monocytes, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in early stages of acute pancreatitis and correct prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) using scoring systems. The study involved 10 (29.41%) male and 24 (70.59%) female patients (total n=34) followed for AP diagnosis at the Department of General Surgery, Ataturk University Medical School between July 2008 and September 2009. In all the patients, Ranson and APACHE II scores, serum resistin, hsCRP, and monocyte CD14 expression levels were determined. The patients were divided into two groups as mild and severe AP groups. A control group was formed and the intergroup comparisons were made. Values ≥ 3 based on the Ranson scoring scale and values ≥ 8 in APACHE II scoring scale were considered to indicate severe AP. Evaluations were based on the values obtained on the 1st and 7th days for serum resistin and hsCRP levels and monocyte CD 14 expression. In 17 (50%) patients, severe AP was determined. No statistically significant differences were found between the mean serum resistin levels of AP groups, while the difference for the same parameter between the mild and severe AP groups and the control group was statistically significant. In the severe AP group, the mean 1st day and 7th day serum hsCRP levels were statistically significantly higher. The CD14 expression in monocytes was similar in all the groups. Serum hsCRP concentrations and Ranson and APACHE II scores and serum resistin and hsCRP concentrations on the 1st day were positively correlated. Serum hsCRP measurement is effective in determining the severity of acute pancreatitis. Serum resistin measurement may be a useful early marker in determining the inflammatory response in AP. However, CD14 expression in monocytes was not found to be a useful marker in the diagnosis and prediction of the disease severity in AP patients.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS AND SMEAR GRADING AMONG THE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Sood ◽  
Sanjay Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group Serum

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is contagious and airborne. TB was one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide in 2017.  It is also the leading killer of people with HIV and a major cause of deaths related to antimicrobial resistance. Methods: Microscopically confirmed TB patients were included in the cases group and healthy individuals in the control group. Serum Ca was estimated by kit method, by auto analyzer. ANOVA and t- test was used to find the statistical significance. Results: The mean serum Ca was 7.32±1.22 mg/dl in TB and 9.41±2.13 mg/dl in controls. The mean serum Ca levels were 7.22±1.20 mg/dl, 7.14±1.14 mg/dl, 7.12±1.10 mg/dl and 7.06±1.02 mg/dl respectively for scanty, 1+. 2+ and 3+; statistically the difference were not significant (P > 0.05) between the grades. Conclusion: Hypocalcemia observed in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. No correlation was found between the mean serum Ca levels and grading. Keywords: Calcium, TB, AFB.

Preoperative Evaluation of Ferritinemia in Primary Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Pinto ◽  
Marco Marinaccio ◽  
Sergio Garofalo ◽  
Angela Maria Vittoria Larocca ◽  
Simona Geusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Aims and background High ferritin serum levels have been reported in patients suffering from various malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ferritinemia in the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. Methods Between March 1993 and September 1996, 60 patients suffering from ovarian carcinoma were surgically treated at our Department. Their ferritin serum levels were measured preoperatively by a solid-phase, two-site chemiluminescent immunometric assay and compared with those of a group of 60 healthy, age-matched, non pregnant controls. Results The mean serum concentration of ferritin was 54.7 ± 7.8 ng/ml (range, 14–135) in healthy controls and 112.3 ± 21.2 ng/ml (range, 9–947) in patients with ovarian carcinoma. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005, X2 test = 7.951). Serum ferritin was elevated preoperatively (cutoff ≥ 120 ng/ml) in 18/60 patients with malignancy (sensitivity 30%), whereas the CA 125 levels were above the cutoff in 53/60 patients (sensitivity 88.3%). Only 2/60 women of the control group had ferritin titers > 120 ng/ml (specificity 96.7%). The ferritin levels increased with advancing disease stage; no significant correlation was found between ferritin concentration and neoplastic histology and grading. The mean serum iron levels were also measured preoperatively in patients with ovarian carcinoma and healthy controls. They were 57.2 ± 3.8 and 66.3 ± 2.61 μg/dl, respectively, and the difference was not significant (P = 0.655, X2 test= 0.200). Conclusions The present study underlines that although ferritin shows an elevated specificity, its low sensitivity does not suggest any true usefulness as a tumor marker in epithelial ovarian cancer.

A STUDY OF SERUM LEVELS OF 25 (OH)VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM IN PRE-ECLAMPSIA, ECLAMPSIA AND NORMAL HEALTHY PREGNANT WOMEN

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rama Garg ◽  
Monika Monika ◽  
Parneet Kaur ◽  
Jasvir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUND- It is important to know the modiable risk factors related to the occurrence of preeclampsia and eclampsia, which can help in its primary prevention. To study the serum levels of 25(OH)Vitamin-D and OBJECTIVESCalcium in pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and normal healthy pregnant women. The prospective observational MATERIAL AND METHODS- study was conducted from 2018-2021 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College, Northern India. Eighty women were divided into 3 groups: Group A- women with preeclamp sia (30); Group B -women with eclampsia (30); Group C– normal healthy pregnant women (20). Investigations: 1. S.25(OH) VIT D level; 2. S. Calcium level. Results- The mean ± SD levels of vitamin D in women of Group A (preeclampsia) was 21.40 ± 7.11, in Group B (eclampsia) was 16.98 ± 6.62 and in Group C (normal healthy pregnant women) was 37.86 ± 11.34. This data is statistically signicant (P=0.016). The mean ± SD of levels of serum calcium in women of Group A (preeclampsia) was 8.68 ± 0.63, in Group B (eclampsia) was 7.86 ± 0.90 and in Group C (normal healthy pregnant women) was 9.07 ± 0.50. The difference between groups was statistically signicant (P=0.018). Both S. Vitamin D and S. Calc CONCLUSION- ium levels have a negative correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Women having decreased levels of S. Vitamin D and S. Calcium are more prone to develop hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical Symptoms and Serum Lead Level in Patients with History of Oral Opium Use being Admitted to Hazrat Rasoul Akram, Firoozgar, Firoozabadi and Haft Tir Hospitals, Tehran

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Majid Rezaei Tavirani ◽  
Hazhir Heidari Beigvand
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Opiate Addicts

Introduction: Drug abuse and its complications is a socio-health problem in Middle Eastern countries such as Iran. Smugglers may add lead to drug during drug production, which is in order to increase its weight for greater benefit. Considering the frequency of the patients with various complaints among Iranians, this study was designed and conducted to evaluate the clinical symptoms and serum levels of lead in patients being admitted to Hazrat Rasoul Akram, Firoozgar, Firouzabadi and Haft Tir hospitals with any complaints. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, serum levels of lead were measured in 128 samples in case and control groups. The case group consisted of 64 patients using oral opium who being admitted to Rasoul Akram and Firoozgar, Haft Tir and Firouzabadi hospitals with different complaints in May 2017. The control group consisted of 64 patients with no history of addiction that were homogenized with the case group in terms of age and sex. They were evaluated for serum levels of lead and other variables. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean serum lead level was 76.34±17.82 in the group using opium and was 7.68±3.72 in the control group that the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). The most common complaints of patients were abdominal pain and symptoms of bowel obstruction. The mean rate of oral opium consumption was 1.73±0.23 in subjects under 50 years old and with a mean of 2.89±0.27 in subjects over 50 years old. Serum lead level was significantly (P = 0.032) increased compared to the amount consumed. Duration of oral opium consumption was 5 months to 30 years with a mean of 15.24 years, which was not significantly correlated to serum lead level (P = 0.213). Also, the hemoglobin range was significantly correlated to different levels of lead in patients consuming oral opium (P = 0.027). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed a high mean serum lead level in oral opium addicts in the study population. The results also confirm numerous reports suggesting the definitive diagnosis of lead poisoning as a justifying factor in addicted patients with nonspecific symptoms, which may indicate the need for serum lead level screening in opiate addicts to prevent more serious complications.

TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATION IN THE FLUIDS OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, THE INTERSTITIUM AND THE RETE TESTIS OF THE RAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. COMHAIRE ◽  
A. VERMEULEN
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Rete Testis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARY Testosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay in interstitial fluid, 'free-flow' seminiferous tubular fluid, obtained by micropuncture, and rete testis fluid from intact adult anaesthetized rats. Under non-stimulated conditions the concentration of testosterone in interstitial fluid was below the limit of detection in two rats and achieved a mean level of 150 ± 27 (s.e.m.) ng/ml in the remaining 17 determinations. The testosterone concentration of the seminiferous tubular fluid was below the limit of detection in two rats, and had a mean level in the remaining 15 determinations of 91 ± 14 ng/ml, which is significantly lower (P < 0·02) than that in interstitial fluid. The mean ratio of seminiferous tubular:interstitial fluid testosterone concentration calculated in 14 rats was 0·94 ± 0·24. This ratio was less than unity whenever the interstitial fluid testosterone concentration was more than 50 ng/ml, whereas in all animals with interstitial fluid testosterone of 50 ng/ml, or less, the ratio was greater than or equal to one. The mean testosterone concentration of rete testis fluid in 32 samples was 33 ± 3 ng/ml. After HCG stimulation in 12 rats, testosterone concentration in interstitial fluid increased to a mean value of 660 ± 83 ng/ml, and in seminiferous tubular fluid to 460 ± 44 ng/ml; the difference between the two was significant (P < 0·05). These results are discussed in relation to the presumed dilution of seminiferous tubular fluid in rete testis fluid and the role of androgen-binding proteins in the transport of steroids.

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