An autoradiographic study of follicle growth in the ovaries of cyclic rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Groen-Klevant
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Autoradiographic Study ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Follicle Growth

Abstract. Follicle growth in the ovaries of cyclic rats was studied by autoradiography after pulse labelling with [3H]thymidine: growth rates and numbers were determined for follicles of the types 3b to 6 (type 3b: follicles with 1 –2 layers of granulosa cells; type 6: follicles with a diameter of 200 μm and usually with a single antrum). The data indicate a total time of follicle development, from type 3b to ovulation, of 22 days. Growth of follicles of the types 3b to 6 in these cyclic rats was roughly similar to that in late prepubertal animals, previously studied. However, some changes of the growth of these types of follicles, related to the stages of the cycle, could be noted.

scholarly journals FSH Promotes Rat Follicle Development Through Inhibition of the Hippo Signalling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tairen Chen ◽  
Mengjing Wu ◽  
Yuting Dong ◽  
Bin Kong ◽  
Yufang Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Hippo Signalling

Abstract Purpose: Whether FSH promotes follicle growth by inhibiting the Hippo signalling pathway.METHODS: Ovaries were cultured in vitro into a control group (no intervention), an FSH group (0.3 IU/mL FSH), and a VP group (10 µg/mL vetiporfin). HE staining and follicle counts were performed at each stage after 3 hours of in vitro culture. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression levels of LATS2, YAP, PLATS2, and PYAP, and their expression levels in each group were also analysed by Western blot.The number of secondary follicles was significantly increased in the FSH group, the arrangement of granulosa cells was neater, the nuclear fixation was reduced, and the number of atretic follicles was decreased in the VP group. The number of secondary follicles was significantly increased, the number of atretic follicles was reduced, and granulosa cell nuclear consolidation was reduced in the VP+FSH group. Immunohistochemistry showed that LATS2 and YAP expression levels were significantly increased and PLATS2 and PYAP expression levels were relatively decreased in the FSH group, PYAP and PLATS2 expression levels were significantly increased and YAP expression was significantly decreased in the VP group, and YAP and LATS2 expression levels were significantly increased and PYAP and PLATS2 expression levels were significantly decreased in the VP+FSH group. By Western blot, LATS2 and YAP were elevated and PYAP and PLAT2 were decreased in the FSH group, LATS2 and YAP were decreased and PYAP and PLATS were significantly elevated in the VP group, and LATS2 and YAP were elevated and PYAP and PLATS2 were decreased in the VP+FSH group.CONCLUSION: FSH promotes follicle development by inhibiting the Hippo signalling pathway.

FOLLICLE GROWTH IN THE IMMATURE RAT OVARY

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Hage ◽  
A. C. Groen-Klevant ◽  
R. Welschen
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
Doubling Times

ABSTRACT In ovaries of immature rats the following parameters were estimated from autoradiographs prepared after pulse labelling with tritiated thymidine: 1) The time it takes follicles to grow from one stage of development to another. This could be derived from the total number of granulosa cells in these stages and from their doubling times. The doubling time of granulosa cells was determined from their labelling index and the duration of their DNA-synthesis phase. 2) The number of follicles present in the ovary at different ages. 3) The number of follicles, which start on their development at different ages. It was found, that more follicles start to grow in 8 and 16 days old rats (2.0/h) than in 28 days old ones (1.0/h). Moreover, the follicles grow somewhat faster earlier in life than later. The development from a follicle with one layer of granulosa cells to one with several layers and antrum formation takes about 15 days in the first half of the period of immaturity while it takes about 17 days as the animal approaches maturity.

Follicular somatic cell factors and follicle development

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Buratini ◽  
C. A. Price
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Theca Cells ◽  
Secreted Factors

Considerable attention is currently paid to oocyte-derived secreted factors that act upon cumulus and granulosa cells. Also important for follicle development are somatic cell-derived secreted factors. This is illustrated by the ability of granulosa cell-derived Kit ligand (KITL) to promote primordial follicle activation, and the loss of follicle development that accompanies KITL gene disruption. This review summarises our current understanding of somatic cell factors during both preantral and antral follicle growth, involving not only signalling from granulosa cells to the oocyte, but also signalling between granulosa and theca cells. Principal granulosa cell-derived factors include activin, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Theca cells also secrete BMPs and FGFs. The interplay between these factors is equally important for follicle growth as the activity of oocyte-derived factors.

FOLLICLE GROWTH IN THE IMMATURE MOUSE OVARY

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
List Type ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Mouse Ovary ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Immature Mouse ◽  
Doubling Times

ABSTRACT The growth of follicles in the immature mouse ovary was investigated in autoradiographs prepared after pulse-labelling with tritiated thymidine. Three parameters, which determine follicle growth were estimated: The number of follicles present in the ovary at different ages. The time it takes follicles to grow from one stage of development to another. This was calculated from the total number of granulosa cells in these stages and from their doubling times. The doubling time of granulosa cells was determined from their labelling index and the duration of their DNA-synthesis phase. The number of follicles, which start on their development at different ages. It was found, that the follicle development is not constant in the period from birth to maturity, but varies considerably. More follicles start to grow in the young than in the older immature mouse. Moreover the follicles grow faster early in life than later. The development from a follicle with one layer of granulosa cells to one with several layers and antrum formation takes about 10 days in the first half of the immature period, while it takes about 16 days as the animal approaches maturity. It was furthermore shown, that about 850 follicles start to grow in the immature period.

scholarly journals Single-cell sequencing reveals suppressive transcriptional programs regulated by MIS/AMH in neonatal ovaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (20) ◽  
pp. e2100920118
Author(s):  
Marie-Charlotte Meinsohn ◽  
Hatice D. Saatcioglu ◽  
Lina Wei ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Heiko Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Single Cell Sequencing ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Unique Signature

Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS/AMH), produced by granulosa cells of growing follicles, is an important regulator of folliculogenesis and follicle development. Treatment with exogenous MIS in mice suppresses follicle development and prevents ovulation. To investigate the mechanisms by which MIS inhibits follicle development, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of whole neonatal ovaries treated with MIS at birth and analyzed at postnatal day 6, coinciding with the first wave of follicle growth. We identified distinct transcriptional signatures associated with MIS responses in the ovarian cell types. MIS treatment inhibited proliferation in granulosa, surface epithelial, and stromal cell types of the ovary and elicited a unique signature of quiescence in granulosa cells. In addition to decreasing the number of growing preantral follicles, we found that MIS treatment uncoupled the maturation of germ cells and granulosa cells. In conclusion, MIS suppressed neonatal follicle development by inhibiting proliferation, imposing a quiescent cell state, and preventing granulosa cell differentiation.

Supplementation of c-type natriuretic peptide during in vitro growth period benefits the development of murine preantral follicles

Zygote ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Li Ang ◽  
Cao Haixia ◽  
Li Hongxia ◽  
Li Ruijiao ◽  
Guo Xingping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Preantral Follicles

Summary The present study investigated the effects of c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on the development of murine preantral follicles during in vitro growth (IVG). Preantral follicles isolated from ovaries of Kunming mice were cultured in vitro. In the culture system, CNP was supplemented in the experimental groups and omitted in the control groups. In Experiment 1, CNP was only supplemented at the early stage and follicle development was evaluated. In Experiments 2 and 3, CNP was supplemented during the whole period of in vitro culture. In Experiment 2, follicle development and oocyte maturity were evaluated. In Experiment 3, follicle development and embryo cleavage after in vitro fertilization (IVF) were assessed. The results showed that in the control groups in all three experiments, granulosa cells migrated from within the follicle and the follicles could not reach the antral stage. In the experimental groups in all three experiments, no migration of granulosa cells was observed and follicle development was assessed as attaining the antral stage, which was significantly superior to that of the control group (P < 0.0001). Oocyte meiotic arrest was effectively maintained, hence giving good developmental competence. In conclusion, CNP supplementation in the culture system during IVG benefited the development of murine preantral follicles.

scholarly journals 2-Hydroxy-4-Methylselenobutanoic Acid (HMSeBA) Promote Follicle Development By Antioxidant Pathway in Gilts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanpeng Dong ◽  
Sirun Chen ◽  
Yalei Liu ◽  
Zimei Li ◽  
Xinlin Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Total Selenium

Abstract Background Dietary 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (HMSeBA) supplementation can exert antioxidant effects in poultry, pigs and weaned pigs. However, it is unknown whether HMSeBA could improve the development of follicle by anti-oxidize effects in gilt. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary HMSeBA supplementation on the follicle development in gilt. A total of 36 gilts were randomly fed the control diet (CON, negative control), Na2SeO3 diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg (positive control) or the HMSeBA diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg from weaning to the 19th day after the second estrus. In another study, the effect of HMSeBA on the cells viability, proliferation, release of 17βestradiol (E2 ) and antioxidant capacity were investigated in the mouse ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. Results Results showed that HMSeBA group increased the average daily body weight gain (ADG) and decreased the ratio of feed: gain during day 120 to 176 in gilts ( P < 0.05). The selenium (HMSeBA and Na 2 SeO 3 ) increased the weight of uterine at the third estrus. There was no effect of HMSeBA on the number of large follicles (diameter >5mm), but HMSeBA decreased the gene expression of growth differentiation factor-9 ( GDF-9 ) and bone morphogenetic protein-15 ( BMP-15 ) in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). HMSeBA group increased the total selenium content in serum ( P < 0.05) and liver ( P < 0.01) and tended to increase the total selenium content in ovary ( P = 0.08). HMSeBA group decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the serum, liver and ovary ( P < 0.05), increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in the ovary ( P < 0.05) and increased the activity of GPx in the serum, liver and ovary ( P < 0.05). Na 2 SeO 3 supplementation decreased MDA and increased the T-AOC in liver, increased the T-SOD and TrxR in the ovary compared with control. At the transcription level, HMSeBA group increased the glutathione peroxidase 2 ( GPx2 ) and TrxR1 ( P < 0.05) expression in the liver, and increased the GPx1 expression ( P < 0.05) in the ovary of gilts compared with Na2SeO3 treatment. Besides, HMSeBA group increased the expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 ( SOD1 ) and Thioredoxin l ( Trx1 ) in the liver. In vitro experiment, HMSeBA improved granulosa cells’ proliferation and E2 secretion ( P < 0.05). HMSeBA and Na 2 SeO 3 both increased the T-AOC and decreased MDA in granulosa cells in vitro. Meanwhile, HMSeBA increased T-SOD, GPx, glutathione reductase (GR) and TrxR activity in granulosa cells in vitro. In addition, HMSeBA up-regulated SOD2 and GPx1 gene expression in the granulosa cells in vitro.Conclusion These results demonstrate directly, HMSeBA was more conducive to absorption and storage of selenium in the liver and ovary in gilt, and beneficial to exert the effect of HMSeBA on the antioxidant function in the liver and ovary of gilt. Moreover, HMSeBA has stronger antioxidant capacity in granular cells in vitro , which is more conducive to promoting follicle development. Therefore, the new type of organic selenium, HMSeBA, could be potentially useful for the control of reproductive processes in gilt.

509. REGULATING MURINE FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT BY STIMULATION OF THE JAK2/STAT3 SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
R. A. Keightley ◽  
B. Nixon ◽  
S. D. Roman ◽  
D. L. Russell ◽  
R. L. Robker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Stat3 Signalling

Follicular development requires the recruitment of primordial follicles into the growing follicle pool following initiation of multiple cytokine signalling pathways. Suppression of follicular development is thought to be key to maintaining the population of primordial follicles and allowing for controlled release of these follicles throughout the reproductive lifespan of the female. However, little is known of the processes and signalling molecules that suppress primordial follicle activation and early follicle growth. Our group has identified significant upregulation of the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling pathway inhibitor the Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling 4 (SOCS4) that coincides with the initial wave of follicular activation in theneonatal mouse ovary. Further studies by our group have localised the SOCS4 protein to the granulosa cells of activating and growing follicles, suggesting SOCS4 expression may be linked to follicular activation. We have focused on examining protein localisation and gene expression patterns of the eight SOCS family members CIS and SOCS1-7. We have recently demonstrated that co-culture of neonatal ovaries with Kit Ligand (KL) for 2 days increases the mRNA levels of all SOCS genes. We also demonstrated the co-localisation of SOCS2 proteins with the KL receptor c-kit in the mural granulosa cells of antral, and large pre-antral follicles suggesting a significant role for SOCS2 in the later stages of follicular development. We have also shown that culturing ovaries with the potent JAK2 inhibitor AG490 substantially reduces mRNA levels of all SOCS and STAT genes that we have so far measured. We hypothesise a significant role for JAK2/STAT3 signalling in promoting the activation and early growth of ovarian follicles. Our investigations have identified significant roles for JAK2/STAT3 and the SOCS family in the regulation of ovarian follicle development.

scholarly journals Timely expression and activation of YAP1 in granulosa cells is essential for ovarian follicle development

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 10049-10064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangmin Lv ◽  
Chunbo He ◽  
Cong Huang ◽  
Hongbo Wang ◽  
Guohua Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development

scholarly journals Involvement of miRNAs in equine follicle development

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Schauer ◽  
S D Sontakke ◽  
E D Watson ◽  
C L Esteves ◽  
F X Donadeu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Fluid Levels ◽  
Follicle Selection

Previous evidence fromin vitrostudies suggests specific roles for a subset of miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-23a, miR-145, miR-503, miR-224, miR-383, miR-378, miR-132, and miR-212, in regulating ovarian follicle development. The objective of this study was to determine changes in the levels of these miRNAs in relation to follicle selection, maturation, and ovulation in the monovular equine ovary. In Experiment 1, follicular fluid was aspirated during ovulatory cycles from the dominant (DO) and largest subordinate (S) follicles of an ovulatory wave and the dominant (DA) follicle of a mid-cycle anovulatory wave (n=6 mares). Follicular fluid levels of progesterone and estradiol were lower (P<0.01) in S follicles than in DO follicles, whereas mean levels of IGF1 were lower (P<0.01) in S and DA follicles than in DO follicles. Relative to DO and DA follicles, S follicles had higher (P≤0.01) follicular fluid levels of miR-145 and miR-378. In Experiment 2, follicular fluid and granulosa cells were aspirated from dominant follicles before (DO) and 24 h after (L) administration of an ovulatory dose of hCG (n=5 mares/group). Relative to DO follicles, L follicles had higher follicular fluid levels of progesterone (P=0.05) and lower granulosa cell levels ofCYP19A1andLHCGR(P<0.005). Levels of miR-21, miR-132, miR-212, and miR-224 were increased (P<0.05) in L follicles; this was associated with reduced expression of the putative miRNA targets,PTEN,RASA1, andSMAD4. These novel results may indicate a physiological involvement of miR-21, miR-145, miR-224, miR-378, miR-132, and miR-212 in the regulation of cell survival, steroidogenesis, and differentiation during follicle selection and ovulation in the monovular ovary.

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