Hormonal profile of the cycle in 68 normally menstruating women

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-M. Landgren ◽  
A.-L. Undén ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Oestradiol Level ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. The peripheral plasma levels of immunoreactive LH, FSH, oestradiol and progesterone were analyzed daily throughout the cycle in 68 normally menstruating women, exhibiting a cycle length of 25 to 36 days during the period of blood sampling. The (geometric) mean length of the follicular phase was 15 days, with an individual variation between 9 and 23 days. The mean length of the luteal phase was 13 days, with an individual variation between 8 and 17 days. The mean ratio of the length of the follicular to luteal phase (F/L ratio) was 1.13, and 62 of 68 subjects (91%) exhibited an F/L ratio between 0.75 and 1.80. In one-third of the cycles studied. the pre-ovulatory oestradiol and LH peaks occurred before the 12th, or after the 18th day of the cycle, and the length of the luteal phase was shorter than 12, or longer than 15 days. The length of the follicular phase was positively correlated to the mean LH level of days LH-7 to LH-3 before the midcycle surge (P< 0.001) and negatively correlated to the mean oestradiol level of the first 6 days of the cycle (P< 0.001) and to the height of the preovulatory oestradiol peak (P<0.01). There was also a positive correlation between the length of the entire cycle and the mean LH level throughout the cycle (P< 0.01) or during days LH-7 to LH-3 (P < 0.001), or the height of the midcycle LH surge (P<0.01), and a negative correlation between cycle length and the mean oestradiol level of the first 6 cycle days (P < 0.001), or of the entire follicular phase (P < 0.001), or of the complete cycle (P < 0.01). Hence a combination of high initial oestradiol levels with low LH levels is associated with relatively short cycles and the opposite combination with relatively long ones. In agreement with previous findings in 32 normally menstruating women, 94%, or 64 of the 68 subjects of the present study had plasma progesterone levels higher than 16 nmol/1 for a minimum of 5 days. Hence, progesterone levels lower than this value or exceeding this value for a shorter period than 5 days are considered to reflect an insufficient or partially suppressed luteal function. In addition, 62 of the 68 subjects studied (91%) fulfilled a series of criteria concerning the minimal and maximal levels of LH, FSH, oestradiol and also progesterone during different cycle phases. It is suggested that these criteria together with the progesterone levels indicated above are characteristic of a normal ovulatory cycle, at least in the local population. The acquisition of similar 'critical levels' in other populations may provide a useful approach towards the establishment of generally accepted criteria for distinguishing a normal from an abnormal cycle.

Reproductive biology of captive southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons). Part 1: oestrous cycle characterisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyce M. Swinbourne ◽  
Stephen D. Johnston ◽  
Tina Janssen ◽  
Alan Lisle ◽  
Tamara Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

Southern hairy-nosed wombats (SHNWs: Lasiorhinus latifrons) do not breed well in captivity. To better understand their reproduction, daily urine samples were collected from nine captive females and analysed for volume (mL), specific gravity and a qualitative index of the number of epithelial cells, then stored at −20°C until samples could be analysed for progesterone metabolites (P4M). The mean oestrous cycle length was 35.1 ± 2.4 days; however, individual cycle length ranged from 23 to 47 days. The mean luteal phase length was 20.8 ± 1.3 days (range: 12 to 33 days). Urinary P4M was divided into four oestrous cycle stages: (1) early follicular phase, (2) late follicular phase, (3) early luteal phase, (4) late luteal phase, and analysed against urinary characteristics. During the late follicular phase, urine volume decreased (P = 0.002) while urine specific gravity (P = 0.001) and concentration of epithelial cells (P = 0.004) both increased. The level of variability in oestrous cycle length suggests that some captive females may exhibit abnormal cycles; however, the changes in the urinary characteristics associated with the different stages of the oestrous cycle appear to offer a possible non-invasive means of monitoring the reproductive status of captive SHNWs.

Concentrations of total and free dehydroepiandrosterone in plasma and dehydroepiandrosterone in saliva of normal and hirsute women under basal conditions and during administration of dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2042-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Swinkels ◽  
H A Ross ◽  
A G Smals ◽  
T J Benraad
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay involving extraction with diethyl ether and chromatographic separation of steroids, we measured concentrations of salivary and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in 22 women with normal ovulatory cycles (ages 18-45 years). Salivary DHEA values closely correlated with total and free DHEA in plasma. In the follicular phase the mean concentrations of salivary and plasma free DHEA were virtually equal [mean (SD): 0.61 (0.32) and 0.56 (0.34) nmol/L, respectively]. In the luteal phase, salivary DHEA slightly exceeded the plasma free DHEA [0.68 (0.40) vs 0.56 (0.38) nmol/L, P less than 0.01]. Also, during combined dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin administration in 25 patients with androgenizing disorders and in 10 normal subjects (each in the follicular and luteal phases), the concentration of DHEA in saliva strongly correlated with total and free DHEA in plasma. During these dynamic tests, the mean concentrations of free DHEA in plasma and salivary DHEA in the hirsute women were significantly higher than the mean concentrations in the control women at all times before and after corticotropin infusion (P less than 0.05- less than 0.0001). In contrast, plasma total DHEA in patients exceeded nonhirsute values only at 15 min after corticotropin administration. In six of 25 patients total DHEA during combined administration of dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin exceeded normal values by at least 2 SD. The response of salivary and free DHEA to synthetic corticotropin in this subgroup was also excessive.

PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF OESTRADIOL-17β IN PREMATURE THELARCHE AND IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SEXUAL PRECOCITY

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugenia Escobar ◽  
Marco A. Rivarola ◽  
César Bergadá
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumour ◽  
Premature Thelarche ◽  
Sexual Precocity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prepubertal Girls ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACT Plasma Oe2 concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in patients with premature thelarche, with precocious puberty and in 29 normal controls. The mean plasma Oe2 was 1.5 pg/ml (0–7.2) in normal prepubertal girls, 23.8 ± 17.8 (sd) in pubertal girls, 50.2 (± 19.4) in the follicular phase, and 94.2 (± 19.5) in the luteal phase of normal adult females. Ten girls with premature thelarche had a mean of 7.7 ± 6.6 pg/ml. Three of them showed higher values than the other 7, suggesting that in these cases, elevated levels of plasma Oe2 might have played a role in the development of breast tissue. Ten untreated girls with idiopathic precocious sexual development had a mean of 51.6 ± 42.9 pg/ml while 6 patients treated with 150 mg per week of medroxyprogesterone acetate had a mean of 11.4 ± 2.5 pg/ml. Two patients with Down's syndrome, hypothyroidism and sexual precocity had plasma Oe2 of 144 and 31.5 which fell to 24.7 and 8 pg/ml, respectively, after thyroid replacement. One girl with a granulosa cell tumour had a basal value of 304 pg/ml and a concentration of 27 pg/ml after surgery.

Renal contribution to acid-base regulation during the menstrual cycle

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. F320-F324
Author(s):  
N. Takano ◽  
T. Kaneda
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Net Acid Excretion

Menstruating women exhibit a light but sustained hypocapnia during the luteal phase. To elucidate whether the hypocapnia results primarily from a respiratory or renal mechanism, we measured the rate of urinary excretion of acid at intervals during the menstrual cycle in five subjects. The acid-base composition of arterial blood in three subjects and end-tidal PCO2 in the remaining two subjects were also determined. During the follicular phase, the acid-base composition of blood and the rate of net acid excretion remained virtually constant. After ovulation, significant decreases in PaCO2 (3.5 mmHg), [HCO3]p (2 meq/liter), and net acid excretion (2 meq/h) occurred in the first 4-6 days of the luteal phase (14 days long). Following this, net acid excretion returned to the preovulatory level. PaCO2 and [HCO3]p, however, remained decreased for 3 more days. At the end of the luteal phase, restoration of PaCO2 proceeded faster than that of [HCO3]p. The acid-base changes in blood and urine observed during the luteal phase were comparable to those occurring during adaptation and recovery from sustained hypocapnia, suggesting that hypocapnia during the luteal phase is primarily respiratory in origin.

scholarly journals Effects of peripheral sympathetic denervation induced by guanethidine administration on the mechanisms regulating puberty in the female guinea pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Riboni ◽  
C Escamilla ◽  
R Chavira ◽  
R Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

The effects of peripheral sympathetic denervation induced by guanethidine administration to newborn and 10-day-old female guinea pigs on puberty, ovulation and the follicular population were analysed. Peripheral sympathetic denervation beginning at birth resulted in the loss of ovarian norepinephrine content (0.95. +/- 0.1 ng/mg wet tissue in untreated control animals vs non detectable in treated animals). Guanethidine administration to newborn or 10-day-old guinea pigs advanced puberty (age of vaginal opening: 27 +/- 1.2 days (newborn), 26 +/- 1.7 (10-day-old) vs 37 +/- 0.7 (control), P < 0.001) and ovulation. The number of corpora lutea in control and denervated animals was similar (3.5 +/- 0.2 vs 3.3 +/- 0.3). The relative weight (mg/100 g body weight) of the ovaries and adrenals in the denervated animals autopsied during the late follicular phase (24-48 h after vaginal opening) increased (ovaries: 27.8 +/- 1.3, 28.9 +/- 3.0 vs 20.9 +/- 0.8, P < 0.05; adrenals 36.4 +/- 1.4, 37.0 +/- 0.8 vs 31.6 +/- 1.5, P < 0.05), while the uterine weight diminished (179 +/- 13, 149 +/- 28 vs 292 +/- 20). When the animals were killed during the late luteal phase (9-11 days after vaginal closure), the relative weight of the ovaries of newborn guanethidine-treated animals was higher than that of the control animals (21.4 +/- 1.7 vs 16.8 +/- 1.4, P < 0.05). The mean number of follicles counted in the ovaries of denervated animals was significantly higher than in control animals (1736 +/- 230 vs 969 +/- 147, P < 0.05). The mean diameter of the follicles in the untouched control ovary in animals killed in the late follicular phase was significantly larger than from animals killed in the late luteal phase (263 +/- 3.9 microns vs 248 +/- 3.0 microns, P < 0.01). The mean diameter of the follicles measured in the ovaries of denervated animals was significantly higher than in controls (animals treated from birth 274 +/- 2.0 microns vs 255 +/- 2.4, P < 0.05; animals treated from day 10, 286 +/- 2.3 microns vs 257 +/- 2.3, P < 0.05). When the mean diameter of the follicles in the left and right ovary of the untouched control was analysed, the follicular diameter in the left ovary was significantly larger than in the right ovary (309 +/- 6.0 microns vs 214 +/- 3.9, P < 0.01); the response of the left and right ovaries to sympathetic denervation was the opposite. The results obtained in the present study suggest that ovarian innervation plays a role in the regulation of follicular growth, maturation and atresia which is not related to changes in steroid secretion by the ovary, but to other regulatory mechanisms.

PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTRONE, OESTRADIOL-17β AND PROGESTERONE DURING OVULATORY MENSTRUAL CYCLES IN THE RHESUS MONKEY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ONSET OF MENSTRUATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. K. Bosu ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT The levels of oestrone (E1)*, oestradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P) were determined simultaneously by radioimmunoassay in serial peripheral plasma samples from 11 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during ovulatory menstrual cycles. In 3 other monkeys luteectomy was performed on day 20 or 21 of the menstrual cycle. The mean plasma levels of oestradiol-17β predominated over the mean E1 during the follicular phase, but during the luteal phase the E1 and E2 patterns varied widely. Before menstruation, increased or unchanged levels of E1 and E2 were mostly found. The decrease found in a few monkeys never reached the low levels found during the days after the midcycle peak. The plasma levels of progesterone increased from less than 0.2 ng/ml during the follicular phase to maximal values within 3 to 4 days after the midcycle peak of oestradiol-17β. The plasma levels of progesterone decreased to less than 1 ng/ml and remained low for 3 to 5 days before menstruation. In the luteectomized monkeys the plasma levels of P, E1 and E2 fell dramatically within 24 h and vaginal bleeding was detected within 72 h post-operatively. In 2 of the 3 luteectomized monkeys the levels of E1 and E2 increased before the bleeding. The ratio of oestrogens (oestradiol-17β and oestrone) over progesterone changed markedly in favour of the oestrogens during the pre-menstrual period. It is concluded that the patterns of progesterone and oestrogens are divergent during the luteal phase. The maximal levels of progesterone are reached early while the maximal levels of oestrogens are reached later during the luteal phase.

Modulation of immunoreactive somatomedin-C levels by sex steroids

1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Caufriez ◽  
Jacqueline Golstein ◽  
Ali Tadjerouni ◽  
Daniele Bosson ◽  
Francis Cantraine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Somatomedin C ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men

Abstract. Among 28 menstruating women tested once randomly during the cycle, somatomedin-C (Sm-C) values were lower in the 10 women in normal follicular phase than in the 10 women in normal luteal phase or the 8 women with hyperandrogenism. Among these 28 subjects, Sm-C showed a positive correlation with testosterone and a positive correlation of borderline significance with oestradiol. A positive correlation was also evidenced between Sm-C and In progesterone among the 20 women of this group who were not hyperandrogenic. In 5 other normal women investigated daily throughout an entire menstrual cycle, Sm-C concentrations were higher during days +4 to +9 of this cycle (luteal phase) than during days −3 to −8 (follicular phase). In another group of 21 healthy women, Sm-C values were increased during medroxyprogesterone acetate (150 mg trimestrially) treatment. In 7 normal men, Sm-C decreased during ethinyl-oestradiol (1 mg daily for 5 days) administration. These findings suggest that circulating Sm-C levels are modulated by variations of sex steroids which occur during the menstrual cycle as well as by pharmacological doses of oestrogens and progestagens.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF HEALTHY STUDENTS IN DEPENDENCE ON THE PHASE AND THE DURATION OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Penzhoyan ◽  
Yu. V. Kashina ◽  
V. G. Abyshkevich ◽  
V. M. Pokrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Status Index

Relevance: one of the causes of menstrual disorders are functional disorders associated with a violation of the central regulatory level.The aim: integratively assess the functional state of healthy girls, depending on the phase and duration of the menstrual cycle. Materials and methods: observations were performed on 65 practically healthy girls 18-19 years old with regular menstrual cycles. They conducted questionnaires, gynecological examinations, tests on functional diagnostics tests, ultrasound scanning of pelvic organs. To determine the phases of the menstrual cycle used the method of Ogin-Knaus, the onset of ovulation used a test for luteinizing hormone (strip tests of the brand Eviplan). The concentration in the blood of estradiol and progesterone was selectively determined. All subjects underwent a cardio-respiratory synchronism test. The parameters of the serous-respiratory synchronism determined the index of the regulatory-adaptive status, and according to it the regulatory-adaptive capabilities (functional state) were evaluated. Statistical analysis of the results of the study was carried out using the following programs: «STATISTICA 10» of «Stat Soft, Inc.». After establishing the normal distribution of the variant, significant differences were used in comparing the mean values in paired comparisons, taking the t-test of Student for p < 0.05. Results: in 35 people the duration of the menstrual cycle was 21-27 days. In the follicular phase, the regulatory-adaptive status index was 183.0 ± 0.4, which indicated a high regulatory adaptive capacity. In the luteal phase, respectively, 60.1 ± 0.3, - good regulatory adaptive capacity. In 30 watchers, the cycle was 28 to 32 days. In the follicular phase, the regulatory-adaptive status index was 156.5 ± 0.6. Regulatory adaptive capabilities were good. In the luteal phase, respectively, 52.4 ± 0.5 are good regulatory adaptive capacities. The conclusion: Regulatory adaptive opportunities for female students are greater in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle than in the luteal cycle. Regulatory adaptive capacity is greater for a cycle of 21 to 27 days than for a cycle of 28 to 32 days.

159 COMPARISON BETWEEN EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN AND PORCINE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE FOR IN VIVO PRODUCTION OF EMBRYOS IN ALPACAS (VICUGNA PACOS) SHOWING NATURAL LUTEAL PHASE AFTER INDUCTION OF OVULATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
W. Vivanco ◽  
E. Huaman ◽  
S. Leon ◽  
T. Nunez ◽  
A. Gregoire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
The Mean ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Copulatory Position

Alpacas are animals with induced ovulation, andthey show high individual variation in the symptoms, duration, and regularity of oestrus or period of female receptivity to males; their follicular phase does not end in ovulation and subsequent luteal phase unless an external stimulation such as copulation or exogenous application of an ovulation inducing hormone is applied. The objective of the present study was to compare the use of eCG v. porcine (p)FSH as superovulatory hormones for the in vivo production of embryos in alpacas that were selected as being receptive to the male and were treated with an ovulation-inducing hormone to generate a luteal phase. Twenty adult (3 to 5 years old) female alpacas, located at Mallkini, Puno, Peru (at 4100 m elevation), were used for the trial. A group of females was exposed to males to test for breeding receptivity; 20 alpacas were receptive, adopting copulatory position. Each of the selected females received 3.75 mg of LH IM (Lutropin®, Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, ON, Canada). Day 0 was then considered the date of LH injection. The 20 alpacas were then distributed into 2 treatments: Treatment 1 (T1 = 10 alpacas) received on Day 2, 1000 IU of eCG IM (Pregnecol®, Bioniche Animal Health) and on Day 7, a dose of PGF2α IM (0.263 mg of cloprostenol; Ciclar®, Andeanvet-Zoovet, Lima, Peru). Treatment 2 alpacas (T2 = 10 alpacas) received from Day 2 and up to Day 5, at 12-h interval, decreasing doses of pFSH IM (100 mg; Folltropin V®, Bioniche Animal Health) for 4 days, and on Day 7, a dose of PGF2α IM (0.263 mg of cloprostenol; Ciclar®, Andeanvet-Zoovet). All alpacas from T1 and T2 were mated twice with fertile males, the first mating at 24 h after the injection of PGF2α and the second at 12 h after the first mating. All females received a dose of GnRH IM (0.0084 mg of buserelin; Buserelina®, Andeanvet-Zoovet) at time of first mating. The embryos in both treatments were collected 6.5 days after the first mating by nonsurgical transcervical embryo flushing. There were no significant differences in the mean number of blastocysts collected per treatment (P > 0.05), being 3.0 ± 2.87 blastocyst for T1 and 1.6 ± 2.67 for T2. The number of blastocysts per treatment was 30 and 16 for T1 and T2, respectively. The results show that superovulatory treatment with eCG is more effective for the production of viable blastocysts than treatment with pFSH in alpacas treated for superovulation during the luteal phase. This work was partially funded by Bioniche Animal Health.

The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Processing of Emotional Images

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mačiukaitė ◽  
Lina Jarutytė ◽  
Osvaldas Rukšėnas
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Phase Group ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. The ovarian hormone levels can affect subjective ratings and modulate late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes evoked by images of varying appeal. The present study examines how different progesterone levels influence the valence, arousal ratings and mean LPP amplitudes evoked by pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant images. Twenty-three healthy females were grouped by menstrual cycle days (estradiol and progesterone levels): 10 were included in the follicular phase group and 13 were included in the luteal phase group. Each female rated the affective images in terms of valence and arousal while event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured. The valence ratings of pleasant images were higher in follicular phase group than in luteal, but the same effect was not seen in the arousal ratings. The arousal ratings to unpleasant images were higher than those to pleasant in luteal, but not in follicular phase group. However, the mean amplitude of the early LPP (450–700 ms) was significantly greater to pleasant than to neutral and unpleasant stimuli, but did not differ between follicular and luteal phase groups. The mean amplitude of the late LPP (700–950 ms) was significantly larger to pleasant and unpleasant compared to neutral images, but did not differ between menstrual cycle phase groups. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between progesterone levels and arousal ratings of pleasant and unpleasant images in luteal phase group. Arousal scores for unpleasant images negatively correlated with mean LPP amplitudes to unpleasant images at Pz site in the luteal phase group. The present study provides evidence that subjective ratings of affective images of different attractiveness could be influenced by female menstrual cycle phase, but mean amplitudes of LPP (450–950 ms) are not affected. However, results of correlational analysis suggest that valence, arousal ratings and mean LPP amplitudes are susceptible to the influence of hormone progesterone in luteal phase.

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