Ontogeny of somatostatin in the human gastro-intestinal tract, endocrine pancreas and hypothalamus

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Chayvialle ◽  
C. Paulin ◽  
P. M. Dubois ◽  
F. Descos ◽  
M. P. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preferential Location ◽  
Immuno Cytochemistry ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Human Foetuses

Abstract. The appearance, time and distribution of somatostatin in the pancreas, gastro-intestinal tract and hypothalamus were studied comparatively in human foetuses aged 6–32 weeks, by immuno-cytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Somatostatin was detected by both methods in all segments including the colon. The first cells were observed, and somatostatin was present in measurable amounts at 8 weeks in pancreas, duodenum and intestine, while the peptide was detected at 12 weeks in antrum and colon, at 14 weeks in fundus, and at 16 weeks in hypothalamus. Subsequently, the largest cell population was located in the pancreas, where peptide concentration and age were positively correlated (P < 0.01, r = 64). From 15 to 21 weeks of age, the mean somatostatin concentration in pancreas (12.4 ± 1.84 ng/mg) was clearly higher than in hypothalamus (0.05 ± 0.02 ng/mg) or in any segment of the gut, where values ranged from 0.36 ± 0.06 (fundus) to 4.74 ± 0.83 ng/mg (duodenum). The early appearance time of somatostatin, and its specific distribution with preferential location in the pancreas, suggest that the peptide may play a major role for the development of the foetal digestive tract, and that it may be involved in the regulation of other endocrine secretions, especially in the pancreas.

Intake, growth and carcass characteristics of young ostriches given concentrates with and without pasture

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nitzan ◽  
D. Barkai ◽  
Z. Nitsan ◽  
S. Landau1
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Hedysarum Coronarium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractAlthough ostriches are herbivores, their diets in commercial farming in Israel consist mainly of concentrates. The objective of this study was to evaluate an alternative for fattening ostriches aged 10 to 30 weeks, which combines pasture with concentrate feeding. Chicks were allotted to three treatments. Diet of group C40 consisted of concentrate only, provided at 40 g/kg body mass (mb). Groups CG20 and CG30 received concentrate at 20 and 30 g/ kg mb, respectively, and grazed 4 to 6 h/day on lush green alfalfa (Medicago sativa), sown barley (Hordeum vulgare), natural pasture or sulla (Hedysarum coronarium). During the last 10 weeks of experiment, groups CG20 and CG30 were merged into one group, managed as CG20 and grazed natural pasture, sulla, alfalfa, or vetch (Vicia sativa). Ostriches from group CG20 and CG30 consumed 390 (s.e.30) g and 260 (s.e. 20) g DM per day at pasture, i.e. 0·46 and 0·28 of their total daily intake, respectively. Pasture intake for CG20 was higher (P < 0·05) than for CG30. Intake of pasture (both grazing treatments combined) was twice as much as on natural pasture or alfalfa as on barley. These results were consistent with the ostriches’ preference for forbs rather than grasses in the natural pasture. The mean organic matter digestibility was 0·84 (s.e. 0·01), ostriches gained at 347 (s.e. 13) g/day, and the food conversion ratio was 3·05 (s.e. 0·16), with no effect of group. Also, grazing did not affect the dressing rate (0·47, s.e. 0·015) or the size and mass of the different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract, with the exception of the glandular and muscular stomachs, which were proportionately 0·4 (P < 0·05) heavier in grazing birds. Lower (P < 0·05) fat content (33·8 v. 26·5 g/kg) but not tenderness, of a selected muscle (fibularis longus) was found for grazing birds. This study suggests that, in young ostriches, grazing lush green pasture may reduce concentrate intake by proportionately 0·4, without altering growth performance or carcass yield and quality.

Rates of passage of solutes, microbes and particulate matter through the gastro-intestinal tract of ewes fed at a constant rate throughout gestation

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney ◽  
GA White
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Peristaltic Activity ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

The rates of passage of solutes, microbes and particulate matter were measured at different stages of gestation in multiparous Corriedale ewes. The mean retention times (MRT) of each of these constituents in the rumen decreased as gestation progressed. There was an increase in the MRT of digesta distal to the stomach which was sufficient to compensate for the decrease in solute MRT in the rumen. Thus, for the whole tract, only the MRT of particulate matter decreased during gestation. There were good relationships between the rate of passage from the rumen of microbes and of particulate matter and that of water, reflecting the importance of water as the vehicle for passage from the rumen. The fractional outflow rate of the particle-associated marker 103Ru-phen was greater than the net value for microbes, but was similar to the calculated value for non-microbial, non-ammonia nitrogen. The proportion of the rumen microbial population that was free-floating declined to a minimum of 0.18 as the fractional outflow rate of water increased. A peristaltic activity index showed a tendency to decline, particularly in the duodenum, as gestation progressed.

Corrigendum - Rates of passage of solutes, microbes and particulate matter through the gastro-intestinal tract of ewes fed at a constant rate throughout gestation

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney ◽  
GA White
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Peristaltic Activity ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

The rates of passage of solutes, microbes and particulate matter were measured at different stages of gestation in multiparous Corriedale ewes. The mean retention times (MRT) of each of these constituents in the rumen decreased as gestation progressed. There was an increase in the MRT of digesta distal to the stomach which was sufficient to compensate for the decrease in solute MRT in the rumen. Thus, for the whole tract, only the MRT of particulate matter decreased during gestation. There were good relationships between the rate of passage from the rumen of microbes and of particulate matter and that of water, reflecting the importance of water as the vehicle for passage from the rumen. The fractional outflow rate of the particle-associated marker 103Ru-phen was greater than the net value for microbes, but was similar to the calculated value for non-microbial, non-ammonia nitrogen. The proportion of the rumen microbial population that was free-floating declined to a minimum of 0.18 as the fractional outflow rate of water increased. A peristaltic activity index showed a tendency to decline, particularly in the duodenum, as gestation progressed.

The fate of soluble mucin in the gastro-intestinal tract of sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Soluble Enzymes

SummaryExperiments were done to determine the fate of soluble mucins in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. Incubation of a soluble mucin with liquor from large intestinal contents resulted in loss of mucin. Some of this loss was due to soluble enzymes. The loss of mucin was less when incubation was with rumen liquor and variable when with ileal liquor.The mean amounts of nitrogen in a soluble mucin fraction which was soluble in trichloroacetic acid (T.C.A.-soluble mucin) were 2·5, 7·3 and 20·0 mg per 100 ml in rumen caecal and faecal liquors respectively. These amounts were only a small proportion of the total soluble nitrogen in these fluids.Amounts of T.C.A.-soluble mucin, measured by sugar content, were greatest in contents from the small intestine. When the amounts of T.C.A.-soluble mucin were compared with the amounts of lignin in the samples, there was an increase between the abomasum and the first part of the small intestine and then a decrease to the caecum. Amounts relative to lignin were low in other parts of the gastro-intestinal tract.The greatest ratio of fucose to rhamnose in T.C.A.-soluble mucin from gastro-intestinal liquors was in ileal liquor. The presence of the two methyl pentoses, fucose and rhamnose, indicates that the T.C.A.-soluble mucin is derived from mucus and bacteria.

Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Induced Damage on Lower Gastro-Intestinal Tract: Is There an Involvement of Microbiota?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Montenegro ◽  
Giuseppe Losurdo ◽  
Raffaele Licinio ◽  
Maria Zamparella ◽  
Floriana Giorgio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

scholarly journals Rehydration before Application Improves Functional Properties of Lyophilized Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HAC03

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Karina Arellano-Ayala ◽  
Juhwan Lim ◽  
Subin Yeo ◽  
Jorge Enrique Vazquez Bucheli ◽  
Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Formulation

Preservation of probiotics by lyophilization is considered a method of choice for developing stable products. However, both direct consumption and reconstitution of dehydrated probiotic preparations before application “compromise” the survival and functional characteristics of the microorganisms under the stress of the upper gastro-intestinal tract. We evaluated the impact of different food additives on the viability, mucin adhesion, and zeta potential of a freeze-dried putative probiotic, Lactiplantibacillus (Lp.) plantarum HAC03. HAC03-compatible ingredients for the formulation of ten rehydration mixtures could be selected. Elevated efficacy was achieved by the B-active formulation, a mixture of non-protein nitrogen compounds, sugars, and salts. The survival of Lp. plantarum HAC03 increased by 36.36% compared rehydration with distilled water (4.92%) after passing simulated gastro-intestinal stress conditions. Cell viability determined by plate counting was confirmed by flow cytometry. B-active formulation also influenced Lp. plantarum HAC03 functionality by increasing its adherence to a Caco-2 cell-line and by changing the bacterial surface charge, measured as zeta potential.Hydrophobicity, mucin adhesion and immunomodulatory properties of Lp. plantarum HAC03 were not affected by the B-active formulation. The rehydration medium also effectively protected Lp. plantarum ATCC14917, Lp. plantarum 299v, Latilactobacillus sakei (Lt.) HAC11, Lacticaseibacillus (Lc.) paracasei 532, Enterococcus faecium 200, and Lc. rhamnosus BFE5263.

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