URINARY EXCRETION OF THYROXINE AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN DIFFERENT THYROID FUNCTION STATES IN MAN

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preben Rogowski ◽  
Kaj Siersbæk-Nielsen ◽  
Jens Mølholm Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Hormone Excretion ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

ABSTRACT Urinary thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) have been measured by radioimmunoassay using trapping and separation on small Sephadex® columns. Serum concentrations of total and free T4 and T3 and endogenous creatinine clearance was also estimated. In 67 euthyroid controls the 24 h urinary T4 excretion varied in parallel with age dependent changes in renal function from mean 1788 to 1051 ng. Urinary T3 also decreased with age from mean 635 to 280 ng/24 h. Mean urinary clearance of T4 varied from 40.4 to 22.1 ml/min and T3 clearance from 160 to 107 ml/min parallel with creatinine clearance. The corresponding mean creatinine clearance values varied from 95 to 57 ml/min. In 24 hyperthyroid patients urinary T4 and T3 were highly increased, dependent on elevated free hormones in the serum to mean 3505 and 3865 ng/24 h. The corresponding T4 and T3 clearance mean values were 16.7 and 90.0 ml/min. In 7 untreated hypothyroid patients very low urinary T4 and T3 values were found on average 139 and 60 ng/24 h. Estimation of urinary thyroid hormones can be used for diagnostic purposes but is of limited practical importance. The physiology of thyroid hormone excretion in urine is complex. Both hormones are excreted by glomerular filtration of free hormones including tubular excretion and reabsorption.

scholarly journals Effect of Impaired Renal Function on the Pharmacokinetics of Tomopenem (RO4908463/CS-023), a Novel Carbapenem

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 2360-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navita L. Mallalieu ◽  
Siân Lennon ◽  
Mei Liu ◽  
Christopher Kirkpatrick ◽  
Richard Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Inactive Metabolite ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the impact of impaired renal function on the pharmacokinetics of tomopenem (RO4908463/CS-023), a novel carbapenem antibiotic, and its major metabolite in humans. Thirty-two subjects were enrolled in an open-label, two-center study. Subjects were evenly assigned to one of four groups, based on creatinine clearance ranges of ≥80, 50 to 79, 30 to 49, and <30 ml/min. The drug was given as a single 1,500-mg constant-rate intravenous infusion over 60 min. There were no safety concerns with increasing renal dysfunction. Renal impairment had a significant impact on exposure of both tomopenem and its metabolite. Mean (± standard deviation) areas under the curve for tomopenem increased with decreasing renal function, from 191 ± 35.2 to 1,037 ± 238 μg·h/ml. The maximum concentration of drug in plasma (C max) increased with a maximum difference of 44% between the severe and normal groups. In contrast, the corresponding increase in C max of the metabolite was much higher, at 174%. Total body clearance was linearly correlated with creatinine clearance (R 2 = 0.97; P < 0.0001). Renal clearance for tomopenem decreased with increasing severity of disease, with mean values decreasing from 4.63 ± 0.89 to 0.59 ± 0.19 liters/h. The results of this study indicated a strong correlation between the creatinine clearance and total clearance of tomopenem. While renal impairment appeared to have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of tomopenem, an even greater effect was seen on the elimination of the inactive metabolite.

scholarly journals Thyroid hormone increases mannan-binding lectin levels

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lene Dalkjær Riis ◽  
Troels Krarup Hansen ◽  
Steffen Thiel ◽  
Claus Højbjerg Gravholt ◽  
Signe Gjedde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Mannan Binding Lectin ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
Binding Lectin

Background: Recent studies have indicated the existence of causal links between the endocrine and immune systems and cardiovascular disease. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), a protein of the innate immune system, may constitute a connection between these fields. Methods: To test whether thyroid hormone regulates MBL levels, we studied eight patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism before and after methimazole therapy, eight healthy subjects before and after short-term experimental hyperthyroidism, and eight hypothyroid patients with chronic auto-immune thyroiditis before and after L-thyroxine substitution. Results: In all hyperthyroid patients, MBL levels were increased – median (range), 1886 ng/ml (1478–7344) – before treatment and decreased to 954 ng/ml (312–3222) after treatment (P = 0.01, paired comparison: Wilcoxon’s signed ranks test). The healthy subjects had MBL levels of 1081 ng/ml (312–1578). Administration of thyroid hormones to these persons induced mild hyperthyroidism and increased MBL levels significantly to 1714 ng/ml (356–2488) (P = 0.01). Two of the eight hypothyroid patients had undetectably low levels of MBL both before and after L-thyroxine substitution. The other six hypothyroid patients had decreased levels of MBL of 145 ng/ml (20–457) compared with 979 ng/ml (214–1533) after L-thyroxine substitution (P = 0.03, paired comparison: Wilcoxon’s signed ranks test). Conclusion: Our data show that thyroid hormone increases levels of MBL. MBL is part of the inflammatory complement system, and this modulation of complement activation may play a role in the pathogenesis of a number of key components of thyroid diseases.

Opposite effects of thyroid hormones on binding proteins for steroid hormones (sex hormone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin) in humans

1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia C Dumoulin ◽  
Bertrand P Perret ◽  
Antoine P Bennet ◽  
Philippe J Caron
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Dumoulin SC, Perret BP, Bennet AP, Caron PJ. Opposite effects of thyroid hormones on binding proteins for steroid hormones (sex hormone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin) in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:594–8. ISSN 0804–4643 Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) levels were evaluated in euthyroid (N = 111), hyper- (N = 58) and hypothyroid (N = 38) men, in pre- and postmenopausal women (study 1) and in hyper- (N = 24) and hypothyroid (N = 15) patients before and after treatment with carbimazole or levothyroxine therapy (study 2). The SHBG levels are increased in hyper- and decreased in hypothyroid patients, whereas CBG levels are increased in hypo- and decreased in hyperthyroid patients. The SHBG levels are higher in women than in men with similar thyroid status. Plasma SHBG levels are correlated positively whereas CBG levels are correlated negatively with free thyroid hormone concentrations in men as well as women. In hypothyroid patients, SHBG concentrations increased (p < 0.01) and CBG concentrations decreased (p < 0.01) during levothyroxine treatment. In hyperthyroid patients, SHBG concentrations decreased (p < 0.01) and CBG concentrations increased (p < 0.01) during antithyroid treatment. The SHBG and CBG concentrations in treated hypo- and hyperthyroid patients were not significantly different from those of euthyroid controls. Our data indicate that SHBG and CBG levels depend on thyroid status. Corticosteroid-binding globulin is an index of thyroid hormone action at the liver level whose changes are opposite to those of SHBG in hyper- and hypothyroidism. Philippe Caron, Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Rangueil, 1 Avenue J Poulhès, 31054 Toulouse Cedex, France

Renal handling of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) compared to thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in different thyroid function states in man

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preben Rogowski ◽  
Jens Faber ◽  
Kaj Siersbæk-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Reverse T3 ◽  
Renal Handling ◽  
Phenolic Ring ◽  
Tubular Transport ◽  
Hormone Excretion ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Abstract. The aim of the present work was to investigate the renal clearance of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) compared to thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) clearance. The urinary excretion of T4. T3 and rT3 was estimated by radioimmunoassay, serum unbound hormones (AFT4, AFT3, AFrT3) were measured using ultrafiltration technique. In 27 euthyroid controls the 24 h urinary T4 excretion was in median 1.7 nmol. T3 excretion 0.8 nmol and rT3 excretion 0.08 nmol. Serum AFT4 was in median 59 pmol/l, AFT3 7.9 pmol/l and AFrT3 2.2 pmol/l. Creatinine clearance was in median 93 ml/min. Median renal clearance of T4, T3 and rT3 were 26, 70 and 25 ml/min, and apparent tubular re-absorption was in average 77, 27 and 77%, respectively. In 18 hyperthyroid patients urinary hormone excretion was highly increased and was found parallel to the increase in serum concentrations of free hormones. Clearance and per cent tubular re-absorption of T4 and rT3 were equal to and not different from control values, but T3 clearance seemed to be increased to values higher than glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In 8 patients with hypothyroidism low urinary hormone excretion was found. Clearance of T4 and rT3 did not differ from control values, but T3 clearance was reduced. Our data show that T4, T3 and rT3 are excreted by glomerular filtration of free hormones and suggest that tubular transport mechanisms are involved. The hypothesis is put forward that the renal handling of the thyronines is influenced by the number of the outer phenolic ring iodine atoms.

Autoantibodies to thyroxin and triiodothyronine.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 944-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R K Desai ◽  
B Bredenkamp ◽  
I Jialal ◽  
M A Omar ◽  
M C Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Multinodular Goiter ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Antithyroglobulin Antibodies ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Abstract Two clinically euthyroid patients with multinodular goiter were found to have high "free" thyroxin (Amerlex-M, Amersham and Coat-a-Count, DPC) and triiodothyronine (Amerlex-M) concentrations (FT4 and FT3, respectively). The presence of antibodies to T4 and T3 was confirmed by the finding that polyethylene glycol precipitated a far greater proportion of radioactivity when radiolabeled FT4 or FT3 analog (Amerlex-M) was incubated with serum from these patients than was true for normal subjects. With this method we could not demonstrate antibodies to thyroid hormones in 116 healthy volunteers. Of 101 hyperthyroid patients tested, one had antibodies to T4 but none had antibodies to T3. One patient had antibodies to T4, and one to T3, of 36 hypothyroid patients tested. All patients with thyroid hormone antibodies also demonstrated antithyroglobulin antibodies (measured immunoradiometrically). Evidently, the presence of thyroid hormone antibodies should be suspected when results of thyroid-function tests are discordant with the clinical state, and we suggest that measurement of thyrotropin by an assay with improved detection limits will aid in correctly determining thyroid status.

SERUM GASTRIN AND SERUM CALCITONIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Christensen ◽  
H. E. Nielsen ◽  
O. Kamstrup ◽  
K. J. Olsen ◽  
M. Brandsborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Serum Gastrin ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Calcitonin ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reduced Renal Function

ABSTRACT The interrelationship between serum gastrin and serum calcitonin concentrations was studied in 73 patients with chronic renal failure. In both haemodialyzed and non-dialyzed patients increased serum concentrations of these hormones were found compared with normal controls. In non-dialyzed patients with creatinine clearance above 10 ml/min a highly significant correlation between serum gastrin and creatinine clearance was found, whereas no correlation was found in patients with creatinine clearance below 10 ml/min. Between serum gastrin and serum calcitonin, a significant positive correlation was found in non-dialyzed patients. whereas no correlation could be demonstrated in haemodialyzed patients. These findings may be explained by a relationship between the two hormones or be secondary to a decreased elimination due to the reduced renal function.

The effect of iodide on serum thyroid hormone levels in normal persons, in hyperthyroid patients, and in hypothyroid patients on thyroxine replacement

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Phillppou ◽  
Demetrios A. Koutras ◽  
Gregory Plperlngos ◽  
Athanasslos Souvatzoglou ◽  
Spyrldon D. Moulopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroxine Replacement ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Erythrocyte zinc content in critically ill patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Cutinha ◽  
Sashi Vaja ◽  
David Treacher ◽  
R. Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Marker ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
Surgical Group

AbstractAbnormalities in thyroid hormone metabolism are common in critically ill patients. However, it is not known if these patients are truly hypothyroid at tissue level. Erythrocyte zinc has been shown to be a tissue marker of thyroid hormone status. In this study we have measured the erythrocyte zinc in critically ill patients.In this observational study we measured the zinc content of young erythrocytes in blood samples from 33 healthy subjects, 26 hypothyroid patients, four hyperthyroid patients, and 44 patients in the intensive care unit – 22 of these were admitted after a major surgical procedure (surgical group) and the other 22 patients had a variety of conditions (non-surgical group). Erythrocytes were separated according to age by centrifugation. Plasma thyroid hormone concentrations were abnormal in 70% of the critically ill group. Erythrocyte zinc was significantly lower in hyperthyroid patients and higher in hypothyroid patients. In the non-surgical patients, erythrocyte zinc of young cells (median 256μmol/L of cells) was significantly higher than (p<0.01) the corresponding cells in the healthy controls (202μmol/L of cells), whereas in the surgical group it was not different (197μmol/L of cells). We conclude that in non-surgical critically ill patients, erythrocyte zinc content is higher, suggesting that these patients may be hypothyroid at tissue level.

Effect of thyroid function on serum somatomedin activity

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Marek ◽  
Marie Schüllerová ◽  
Olga Schreiberová ◽  
Zdeňka Límanová
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Function ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Abstract. To obtain more information about a possible role of somatomedins in mediating the effects of thyroid hormones on the development and function of epiphyseal cartilage, somatomedin activity, measured on the basis of 35S incorporation in embryonic chick cartilage, was studied in thyrotoxic patients before and after treatment with carbimazole or surgery and in a group of patients with primary hypothyroidism. In 29 hyperthyroid patients mean values of somatomedin were 1.29 ± 0.03 sem and differed significantly (P < 0.01) from normals (1.04 ± 0.03). In 15 carbimazole treated patients and in 5 operated patients with thyrotoxicosis somatomedin levels fell from 1.29 ± 0.04 to 1.03 ± 0.04 (P < 0.01) when the patients became euthyroid. Correspondingly, somatomedin levels in 12 untreated hypothyroid patients (0.82 ± 0.04) were significantly less than in normals (P < 0.01) and increased from 0.77 ± 0.09 to 1.14 ± 0.13 (P < 0.05) in 4 patients on replacement therapy. In conclusion: somatomedin levels rise when thyroid hormones are present in excess, and fall when these are deficient. This suggests that thyroid hormones are important regulators of somatomedin levels.

Serum bile acid profile in thyroid dysfunction and effect of medical treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoo Kosuge ◽  
Tomoe Beppu ◽  
Takao Kodama ◽  
Koh Hidai ◽  
Yasuo Idezuki
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Bile Acid ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

1. Serum non-esterified bile acid profile was examined in patients with thyroid dysfunction. Sixteen hyperthyroid patients, six hypothyroid patients, nine patients taking thyroid or antithyroid drugs and 26 healthy controls were studied. The medicated patients were euthyroid when serum samples were collected. Bile acid concentration was determined by the simplified microassay method involving mass fragmentation spectrometry. 2. The sum of the concentrations of the individual bile acids was not significantly different among the four groups. However, the composition of bile acid reflected the thyroid function. The most prominent bile acid was deoxycholic acid in the hypothyroid patients and chenodeoxycholic acid in the hyperthyroid patients. The serum bile acid profile of medically treated patients was similar to that of normal cpntrols. The ratio of the sum of deoxycholic and cholic acid to that of lithocholic and chenodeoxycholic acid was found to be a good indicator of thyroid function, while the ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid correlated poorly with it. 3. The characteristic effect of thyroid hormone on the serum bile acid composition in man was the shift from the ‘family’ of cholic acid to that of chenodeoxycholic acid. This is in agreement with experimental results in the rat, and suggests a specific action of thyroid hormone on the hydroxylating enzymes involved in the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids.

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