LH, FSH AND TESTOSTERONE IN PLASMA FOLLOWING LH-RH INFUSION: A COMBINED TEST FOR PITUITARY AND LEYDIG CELL FUNCTION

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Kley ◽  
W. Wiegelmann ◽  
E. Nieschlag ◽  
H. G. Solbach ◽  
H. Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Combined Test ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Leydig Cell Function

ABSTRACT The effect of LH-RH (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone) on plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone (T) and cortisol was studied in 13 normal men and in 9 men with adrenal, testicular, pituitary and hypothalamic disorders. Rapid and dose-dependent (25–100 μg LH-RH) increases in plasma LH were observed and reached peak levels 20–30 min after the intravenous LH-RH injections. No rise in plasma T was seen with these doses. During an 8½ hour infusion of 300 μg LH-RH a rapid increase of LH occurred and the levels remained elevated for the duration of the infusion. The increase in FSH was neither as great nor as constant. Following stimulation of LH and FSH, a statistically significant rise in plasma T occurred in the normal subjects (20–70 %). No effect of LH-RH on the adrenal cortex could be detected by measuring cortisol during the infusion. In 3 patients with Addison's disease the increase in testosterone did not differ from that in normal subjects. From these studies a LH-RH infusion test for pituitary and testicular function was designed: 50 μg LH-RH iv at 8 a. m. followed by 250 μg infusion from 8:30 a. m. to 4:30 p. m. The clinical value of the test has been demonstrated in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, craniopharyngioma and Kallmann's syndrome. The test provides a useful method for localizing the lesions in disorders of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of endocrine testing of Leydig cell function using extractive and recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin and different doses of recombinant human LH in normal men

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cailleux-Bounacer ◽  
Yves Reznik ◽  
Bruno Cauliez ◽  
Jean François Menard ◽  
Céline Duparc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Leydig Cell Function

BackgroundThe functional testing of endocrine testis uses extractive human chorionic gonadotropin (ehCG). Recombinant human hCG (rhCG), avoiding any contamination, should replace ehCG. Moreover, a functional evaluation with recombinant human LH (rhLH) would be closer to physiology than a pharmacological testing with hCG.MethodsThe study was conducted in normal men. We first evaluated the dose–effect of ehCG on plasma testosterone and estradiol levels, before and after injection of either hCG or vehicle. Secondly, the responses to the optimal dose of ehCG were compared with those of rhCG. Thirdly, we investigated the dose–effect of rhLH, on steroid hormone secretion. LH, testosterone, and estradiol plasma levels were measured after the injection of either rhLH or placebo.ResultsehCG induced dose-dependent increases in plasma estradiol and testosterone levels. They respectively peaked at 24 and 72 h after the injection. The most potent dose of ehCG (5000 IU) induced results similar to those observed with 250 μg (6500 IU) rhCG. By comparison with placebo, rhLH induced a significant and dose-dependent increase in plasma testosterone levels 4 h after the injection. Peak response of testosterone to rhLH and rhCG was significantly correlated. rhLH did not induce significant change in plasma estradiol level.ConclusionsIn normal men, a single i.v. injection of 150 IU rhLH induces a 25% rise in plasma testosterone levels by comparison with placebo. At the moment, the dynamic evaluation using hCG remains the gold standard test to explore the Leydig cell function. The use of 250 μg rhCG avoiding any contamination should be recommended.

OESTRONE, OESTRADIOL AND TESTOSTERONE IN NORMAL AND HYPOGONADAL MEN FOLLOWING LH-RH OR HCG STIMULATION

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Kley ◽  
E. Nieschlag ◽  
W. Wiegelmann ◽  
H. L. Krüskemper
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Parallel Pattern ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism ◽  
Leydig Cell Function

ABSTRACT Oestrone, oestradiol-17β and testosterone in serum were measured during a LH-RH infusion test and a Leydig cell function test with HCG in healthy men and in patients with primary or secondary hypogonadism. Following infusion of LH-RH increases of LH (+112%), oestradiol (+62 %) and testosterone (+51 %) were observed in normal men, while oestrone remained unchanged. Of the patients only those with Klinefelter's syndrome showed a significant increase in testosterone and oestradiol after LH-RH infusion. During the Leydig cell function test oestradiol and testosterone exhibited a largely parallel pattern under normal and pathological conditions as well as in subjects with experimental hypogonadism. Augmentations of plasma oestrone were usually smaller than those for oestradiol.

LH-RH TESTING IN MEN WITH DOWN'S SYNDROME

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Horan ◽  
Inese Z. Beitins ◽  
Hans Henning Bode
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Leydig Cell Function

ABSTRACT Males with Down's syndrome frequently present incomplete sexual development and are presumed to be sterile. The intent of this study is to clarify the aetiology of diminished sexual function in men with trisomy 21. Single dose LH-RH stimulation tests were performed in 6 men with Down's syndrome. Compared to a control group of 6 mentally retarded, institutionalized males, the subjects with Down's syndrome had markedly elevated basal FSH and slightly elevated basal LH concentrations. The FSH response to LH-RH stimulation was notably increased in the Down's syndrome group, while the LH response showed a lesser increase. Testosterone concentrations were found to be comparable in the two groups. The results are consistent with the clinical assumption that males with Down's syndrome have decreased spermatogenesis and infertility and that their Leydig cell function is less affected.

THE EFFECT OF OESTROGEN ADMINISTRATION ON PLASMA TESTOSTERONE, FSH AND LH LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME AND NORMAL MEN

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. H. Smals ◽  
P. W. C. Kloppenborg ◽  
R. M. Lequin ◽  
Th. J. Benraad
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT In 6 eugonadal males and 6 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome the effect of increasing amounts of ethinyloestradiol (EE) (15, 30 and 150 μg daily for 7 days) on plasma levels of LH, FSH and testosterone was studied. Control levels of LH and FSH in the Klinefelter patients were significantly higher than in the normal males, whereas plasma testosterone levels were significantly lower. In 3 of the 6 Klinefelter patients plasma gonadotrophin levels were clearly elevated despite normal plasma testosterone concentrations. After EE administration a dose-dependent decrease of plasma FSH and testosterone levels was observed in both the control subjects and the Klinefelter patients, whereas the LH decrease was dose-dependent in the Klinefelter patients, but not however, in the eugonadal males. Despite significant testosterone suppression plasma LH and FSH levels in the Klinefelter patients remained supranormal when compared with the levels of the control subjects. Amounts of EE, roughly equivalent to the physiological oestrogen production (15 μg of EE daily) in men, decreased plasma LH and testosterone levels in the normal males, not however, in the Klinefelter patients. The suppression of plasma testosterone by EE in both the normal subjects and the Klinefelter patients could readily be overcome by exogenous gonadotrophin administration, favouring the concept that the EE induced testosterone decrease is predominantly gonadotrophin mediated. It is concluded that small amounts of oestrogens play a role in the pituitary-gonadal axis in normal males. Although higher doses are needed to modulate this axis in Klinefelter's syndrome, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal feedback in this disorder is still operative, though at a higher setting.

CHANGES IN LEYDIG CELL HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES INDUCED BY ADMINISTRATION OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE TO NORMAL MEN

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. MORSE ◽  
C. G. HELLER
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Histochemical Technique ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Leydig Cell Function

SUMMARY By the employment of an improved histochemical technique, frozen sections from human testicular biopsy specimens were examined for 3β-and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activity, before, during, and after administration of 25 or 50 mg testosterone propionate per day to normal men. This administration strongly suppressed Leydig cell HSD activity and caused these cells to be transformed into fibroblast-like cells. After cessation of administration, the Leydig cells recovered morphologically and so did, simultaneously their 3β- and 17β-HSD activity. It is concluded that histochemically detectable 3β- and 17β-HSD are under gonadotrophin control and change with alterations in Leydig cell function. The morphology or 3β- and 17β-HSD are therefore probably acceptable as indicators of Leydig cell function in reproductively normal men.

DOSE-RESPONSE STUDY WITH A NEW LH-RH ANALOGUE, D-Ser (TBU)6 LH-RH 1–9 (EA)10 DURING THE FOLLICULAR PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Friedrich ◽  
A. Etzrodt ◽  
H. Becker ◽  
J. P. Hanker ◽  
E. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

ABSTRACT D-Ser (TBU)6 LH-RH 1–9 (EA)10 (HOE 766) a highly active LH-RH analogue, was studied with regard to its effects on the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and oestradiol-17β (Oe2) during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Forty-two regularly menstruating women were allowed to five different treatment groups with different doses (1.25 μg; 2.5 μg; 5.0 μg; 10.0 μg; 20.0 μg) of HOE 766 given as intravenous bolus injections and the plasma concentrations of FSH, LH and Oe2 were measured up to 24 h after injection using specific radioimmunoassays. In the majority of cases, peak values of both FSH and LH occurred 4 h after injection being significantly different from pre-injection levels (P < 0.02 in the 1.25 μg treatment group, P < 0.005 for the other treatment groups). Statistical analysis of maximum values as well as the absolute and relative increase in the different treatment groups revealed a dose-dependent effect of HOE 766. Maximum values of Oe2 occurred 8 h after injection and were found to be significantly different from pre-injection levels (P < 0.005). However, no dose dependent effect was observed. It was concluded that HOE 766 is a potent and long-acting stimulator of FSH, LH and Oe2 release in women. The effect of HOE 766 is dose dependent for FSH and LH but not for Oe2.

Effects of leucine, isoleucine, or threonine infusion on leucine metabolism in humans

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
pp. E428-E434 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Schwenk ◽  
M. W. Haymond
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Leucine Metabolism ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Stimulation Of

Leucine and/or its alpha-keto acid, alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), have been reported to spare protein in humans. To determine whether specific amino acid infusions affect whole-body protein metabolism as estimated by changes in leucine flux and oxidation, five groups of normal subjects were infused with saline, leucine (0.47 and 0.94 mumol . kg-1 . min-1), isoleucine (0.47 mumol . kg-1 . min-1), or threonine (0.47 mumol . kg-1 . min-1). Independent estimates of leucine metabolism were obtained using simultaneous infusions of [3H]-leucine and alpha-[14C]ketoisocaproate. Nearly identical results were obtained using either tracer compared with the saline controls. Compared with the saline controls, leucine infusion 1) had no effect on estimated rates of appearance of endogenous leucine, 2) stimulated leucine oxidation, 3) decreased plasma concentrations of other amino acids, and 4) stimulated non-oxidized leucine disappearance in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, isoleucine and threonine infusions had no effect on leucine metabolism. Assuming the validity of the isotope model employed, these data suggest that the purported anabolic effect of leucine infusion on whole-body protein metabolism is mediated via stimulation of protein synthesis rather than decreased proteolysis.

Parallel Reduction of Plasma Levels of High and Low Molecular Weight Kininogen in Patients with Cirrhosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1428-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Scott ◽  
Francesco Salerno ◽  
Elettra Lorenzano ◽  
Werner Müller-Esterl ◽  
Angelo Agostoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryLittle is known about the regulation of high-molecular-weight-kininogen (HK) and low-molecular-weight-kininogen (LK) or the relationship of each to the degree of liver function impairment in patients with cirrhosis. In this study, we evaluated HK and LK quantitatively by a recently described particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA) and qualitatively by SDS PAGE and immunoblotting analyses in plasma from 33 patients with cirrhosis presenting various degrees of impairment of liver function. Thirty-three healthy subjects served as normal controls. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly lower plasma levels of HK (median 49 μg/ml [range 22-99 μg/ml]) and LK (58 μg/ml [15-100 μg/ml]) than normal subjects (HK 83 μg/ml [65-115 μg/ml]; LK 80 μg/ml [45-120 μg/ml]) (p < 0.0001). The plasma concentrations of HK and LK were directly related to plasma levels of cholinesterase (P < 0.0001) and albumin (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001) and inversely to the Child-Pugh score (P < 0.0001) and to prothrombin time ratio (P < 0.0001) (reflecting the clinical and laboratory abnormalities in liver disease). Similar to normal individuals, in patients with cirrhosis, plasma HK and LK levels paralleled one another, suggesting that a coordinate regulation of those proteins persists in liver disease. SDS PAGE and immunoblotting analyses of kininogens in cirrhotic plasma showed a pattern similar to that observed in normal controls for LK (a single band at 66 kDa) with some lower molecular weight forms noted in cirrhotic plasma. A slight increase of cleavage of HK (a major band at 130 kDa and a faint but increased band at 107 kDa) was evident. The increased cleavage of HK was confirmed by the lower cleaved kininogen index (CKI), as compared to normal controls. These data suggest a defect in hepatic synthesis as well as increased destructive cleavage of both kininogens in plasma from patients with cirrhosis. The decrease of important regulatory proteins like kininogens may contribute to the imbalance in coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, which frequently occurs in cirrhotic patients.

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