STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS IN VITRO BY GONADAL TISSUES IN TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutaro Mizutani ◽  
Takao Sonoda ◽  
Jun-ichi Furuyama ◽  
Michio Takemura ◽  
Keishi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Steroid Biosynthesis ◽  
True Hermaphroditism ◽  
Metabolic Conversion ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽  
Normal Adults

ABSTRACT Gonadal tissues from a patient with true hermaphroditism were homogenized and incubated both separately and in combination with [4-14C] progesterone and [7α-3H] pregnenolone as substrates. The following metabolites were isolated and identified in the testicular portion from progesterone: 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 16α-hydroxyprogesterone, 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and testosterone. In addition, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol were isolated from pregnenolone as substrate. Incubation of the ovarian portion with progesterone gave 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 16α-hydroxyprogesterone. In addition, 17-hydroxypregnenolone and small amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone were isolated from pregnenolone. In these respects, the testicular portion resembled testicular tissue and the ovarian portion resembled the ovarian tissue of normal adults. Analysis of the products obtained suggest that this testicular tissue preferentially uses the Δ5-pregnenolone pathway rather than the Δ4-pro-gesterone pathway in its metabolic conversion to testosterone.

STEROID HORMONE FORMATION BY THE RAT OVARY.

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard F. Rice ◽  
Albert Segaloff
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽  
Hormone Formation

ABSTRACT Ovaries were transplanted to the spleens of castrate male rats. After 120 days, slices of ovarian tissue, composed predominantly of corpora lutea, were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium containing 50 μc acetate-1-14C. Radioactive steroid formation was assessed quantitatively by reverse isotope dilution. The formation of radioactive progesterone and 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one was established. The formation of radioactive 3β-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, oestrone and 17β-oestradiol could not be established. It appears that the corpus luteum of the rat, induced by endogenous gonadotrophins, forms only progestins from acetate-1-14C. Contrary to results previously obtained with ovarian tissue transplanted to female rats, radioactive steroid formation in vitro appeared to be augmented by luteinizing hormone (NIH-LH-S1) added to the incubation flasks. Administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (200 IU/day) for 5 days prior to autopsy did not enhance acetate-1-14C incorporation in vitro.

scholarly journals Preservation of Fertility or Ovarian Function in Patients with Breast Cancer or Gynecologic and Internal Malignancies

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (08) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angrit Stachs ◽  
Steffi Hartmann ◽  
Bernd Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Oncology Patient ◽  
Organ Systems

AbstractBecause of the efficacy of systemic therapies, neoplasias which occur in pediatric and adolescent patients and in young adults have high cure rates. This means that fulfilling their wish to have children has become a more pressing concern, particularly among young women with malignant tumors. Premature ovarian failure is also a not insignificant problem as it has a lasting detrimental effect on quality of life. Every oncology patient who may potentially wish to have children should be informed about their options for preserving fertility prior to starting treatment. The rates of patient who received detailed briefing on this point remain low. This review presents the effects of different chemotherapeutic drugs on gonadal function together with an overview of currently valid recommendations on fertility preservation. Risk groups are defined and the specific approaches for malignancies of various organ systems are described. Cryopreservation of oocytes, fertilized embryos and ovarian tissue are fertility-preserving options for girls/young women. The data on the benefits of administering GnRH analogs for ovarian protection prior to starting chemotherapy are not clear. In postpubertal boys or male cancer patients, the standard approach is to cryopreserve sperm before starting therapy. The cryopreservation of testicular tissue is possible for prepubertal boys, however in-vitro sperm maturation is still in its experimental stages. This review also presents existing drug options for the preservation of ovarian function in oncology patients prior to chemotherapy, particularly for patients with (hormone-sensitive) breast cancer, and looks at the special issues of fertility-preserving surgery and radiation therapy in patients with gynecologic malignancies.

SUGGESTION OF ABNORMAL TESTICULAR STEROIDOGENESIS IN SOME OLIGOSPERMIC MEN

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis J. Rodriguez-Rigau ◽  
David B. Weiss ◽  
Keith D. Smith ◽  
Emil Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Normal Volunteer ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Biosynthetic Activity ◽  
Testicular Steroidogenesis ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Steroid Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT Androgen biosynthesis in the testis may be analyzed in some detail by means of techniques of in vitro incubation of small testicular biopsy specimens with suitable radiolabelled precursors. Sixty-six tissue specimens from 33 patients who underwent bilateral testicular biopsies because of infertility were incubated in vitro with [3H]pregnenolone in order to investigate the possibility of abnormalities in their steroid biosynthetic activity. As a normal control, testicular tissue obtained by testicular biopsy from a young normal volunteer was used. The distribution of metabolites in the incubates of testes from 8 infertile men differed greatly from the remaining 25 patients and the normal control. The major steroids formed from pregnenolone by the testes of those 8 men were 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 20α-dihydropregnenolone and 20α-dihydro-17-hydroxypregnenolone. Very small amounts of Δ4-3 oxo products (progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone) were formed suggesting a deficiency of 3β-hydroxy-steroid-dehydrogenase activity in the testes of these 8 men, possibly related to the derangement of their spermatogenic function.

STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS BY ADRENAL AND OVARIAN TISSUE IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard R. Axelrod ◽  
Joseph W. Goldzieher
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Steroid Biosynthesis ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

ABSTRACT Fresh adrenal tissue from a 5 year old boy with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and ovarian tissue from an untreated adult female pseudohermaphrodite were incubated with radioactive steroids. Adrenal tissue incubated with 4-14C-progesterone produced 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 21-deoxycortisol and testosterone in high yield. The ovarian tissue gave evidence of 17-hydroxylating, 20-reducing, 3β-ol dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and desmolase activities.

A new in vitro model for pre-transplantation diagnosis of frozen/thawed human ovarian tissue

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Salama ◽  
K Winkler ◽  
KF Murach ◽  
S Hofer ◽  
L Wildt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Human Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Vitro Model

STEROID FORMATION IN PORCINE OVARIAN TISSUE IN VITRO

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asbjørn Aakvaag
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Similar Concentration ◽  
Endogenous Substrates ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Relative Utilization ◽  
Radioactive Substrate

ABSTRACT Slices of non-luteinized porcine ovaries have been incubated in the presence or absence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and exogenous radioactive substrates. Progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione were isolated in a radiochemically pure form. The chemical mass and the specific activity were determined by gas liquid chromatography and liquid scintillation spectrometry. HCG stimulated the rate of formation of androstenedione in the absence of exogenous substrates with a factor of 4–8. In the presence of pregnenolone or progesterone at a concentration of about 2 × 10−6 mol/l the stimulatory effect of HCG was either abolished or markedly reduced. The conversion of exogenous progesterone to androstenedione was reduced in response to HCG indicating that the capacity of the tissue to convert progesterone to androstenedione was limited, and that the limit was reached at this rather low substrate concentration. These findings furthermore suggest that the endogenous rather than the exogenous radioactive substrate will be »preferred« by the tissue. The observations demonstrate the necessity of measuring both the radioactivity and the chemical mass of the products in investigations of this type using radioactive substrates. The formation of progesterone from endogenous substrates was also stimulated by HCG. [1-14C] acetate and [7α-3H]cholesterol were not utilized by the tissue for steroid formation. Exogenous [4-14C] pregnenolone and [7α-3H] progesterone in similar concentration were both utilized for production of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione. HCG had no effect on the relative utilization of the radioactive substrates.

scholarly journals The Expression Levels and Cellular Localization of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor (PEDF) in Mouse Testis: Its Possible Involvement in the Differentiation of Spermatogonial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Noy Bagdadi ◽  
Alaa Sawaied ◽  
Ali AbuMadighem ◽  
Eitan Lunenfeld ◽  
Mahmoud Huleihel
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor

Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional secretory soluble glycoprotein that belongs to the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family. It was reported to have neurotrophic, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic activity. Recently, PEDF was found in testicular peritubular cells and it was assumed to be involved in the avascular nature of seminiferous tubules. The aim of this study was to determine the cellular origin, expression levels and target cells of PEDF in testicular tissue of immature and adult mice under physiological conditions, and to explore its possible role in the process of spermatogenesis in vitro. Using immunofluorescence staining, we showed that PEDF was localized in spermatogenic cells at different stages of development as well as in the somatic cells of the testis. Its protein levels in testicular homogenates and Sertoli cells supernatant showed a significant decrease with age. PEDF receptor (PEDF-R) was localized within the seminiferous tubule cells and in the interstitial cells compartment. Its RNA expression levels showed an increase with age until 8 weeks followed by a decrease. RNA levels of PEDF-R showed the opposite trend of the protein. Addition of PEDF to cultures of isolated cells from the seminiferous tubules did not changed their proliferation rate, however, a significant increase was observed in number of meiotic/post meiotic cells at 1000 ng/mL of PEDF; indicating an in vitro differentiation effect. This study may suggest a role for PEDF in the process of spermatogenesis.

In-vitro maturation of oocytes from ovarian tissue expands fertility preservation options

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. S49
Author(s):  
L. Clark ◽  
W. Vitek ◽  
J. Witmyer ◽  
R. Hackett ◽  
S.A. Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Ovarian Tissue
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