MODE OF ACTION OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE SECRETION AND RELEASE OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) IN THE CASTRATED RAM

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Group D ◽  
Treatment Control Group

ABSTRACT The mode of action of a single injection of testosterone propionate on LH secretion and release has been studied in the castrated ram. In the first experiment, six castrated rams were injected intramuscularly with 400 mg of testosterone propionate, and the plasma LH levels were assayed by radioimmunoassay: on the first day after treatment, the plasma LH levels decreased significantly (P < 0.001), then remained at a very low level for 5–7 days; initial LH levels were restored by day 9. Testosterone propionate thus blocks the discharge of LH. A second experiment was then performed. Castrated rams in groups of 3 were killed either without treatment (control group D0), or 2, 7 or 9 days after the injection of testosterone propionate (groups D2, D7 and D9). In addition to the plasma LH, hypophyseal LH and hypothalamus LRF (LH releasing factor) were measured: the LRF activity was assessed by the quantity of LH released in vitro from the hypophysis of castrated rats blocked with testosterone propionate. The LH released into the incubation medium and the hypophyseal LH of the ram were measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid method and by radioimmunology. The results of the plasma LH assays were comparable to those in the first experiment: plasma LH was significantly decreased in group D2, increased in group D7 and was restored in group D9. Hypophyseal levels, on the other hand, increased in groups D2 and D7, but were comparable to the controls in group D9, indicating that the injection of testosterone propionate had little or no effect on LH secretion. Finally, the LRF activity was considerably reduced in group D2 (P<0.001) as compared with the controls (D0), but similar to the control values in group D9. Although secretion appeared normal, the decreased plasma LH levels in group D2 indicated that LRF had not been released; consequently the decrease in LRF observed can be interpreted as being due to an inhibition of its synthesis under the influence of testosterone propionate.

Effects of Achievement Motivation Training on Academic Performance of Underachievers

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Markle ◽  
Roger C. Rinn ◽  
Brenda Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Present Program ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Treatment Control Group

In an attempt to help underachieving students improve academic performance, an Achievement Motivation Training program was developed. Although similar to other programs focusing on achievement motivation, substantial differences exist, particularly since the present program is presented in an outpatient format rather than integrated into the classroom. 54 students (Grades 3 to 11), referred by their counselors, were subjects; half of these completed our Achievement Motivation Training program, the other half served as a no-treatment control group. The treated group showed a significant improvement in grades from before training to follow-up as well as significantly greater improvement than the control group. Also, a new methodology was offered and tested, demonstrating that a no-treatment group may not be necessary when grades are the primary dependent variable.

scholarly journals Tribulus terrestris Extract Improves Human Sperm Parameters In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Khaleghi ◽  
Mitra Bakhtiari ◽  
Atefeh Asadmobini ◽  
Farzane Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Human Semen ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Treatment Control Group

Objective. The object of present study was to investigate the effects of direct addition of Tribulus terrestris extract on human sperm parameters. Design. Semen specimens from 40 healthy men volunteers were divided into 4 groups: one group received no treatment (control group) while the others were incubated with 20, 40, and 50 µg/mL of T terrestris extract (experimental groups). Motility, viability, and DNA fragmentation were assessed in all groups. Results. The incubation of human semen with 40 and 50 μg/mL of T terrestris extract significantly enhanced total sperm motility, number of progressive motile spermatozoa, and curvilinear velocity over 60 to 120 minutes’ holding time ( P < .05 or P < < .01). Furthermore, viability was significantly enhanced by using T terrestris extract ( P < .01). Conclusions. In vitro addition of the T terrestris extract to human sperm could affect male fertility capacity.

scholarly journals Study of the velocity of upper canine retraction after alveolar corticotomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
A. Mezari ◽  
F. Si Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Canine Retraction ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alveolar corticotomy on orthodontic tooth movement when retracting upper canines compared with the conventionnal treatment. The sample consisted of 30 patients with a mean age of 21 ± 2 years requiring the therapeutic extraction of the maxillary first premolars, with subsequent retraction of the maxillary canines. The subjects were divided into two groups, one receiving orthodontic treatment assisted corticotomy (experimental group) and the other conventional treatment (control group). The velocity of the retraction of the upper canine was evaluated by measuring the distance between the canine and second premolar on each side of the mouth for both groups at 2 months, and 4 months after canine retraction. Results: the velocity of canine was significantly higher on the experimental group than the control group by two times during the first two months after canine retraction. This rate declined to 1.25 times higher after four months. Conclusion: alveolar corticotomy increased orthodontic tooth movement when retracting upper canines.

Treatment of Test Anxiety by Group Implosive Therapy

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold H. Dawley ◽  
W. W. Wenrich
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Implosive Therapy ◽  
Treatment Control Group

36 test anxious Ss were randomly assigned to 3 groups. One group served as the no-treatment control, while the other two groups received either placebo-attention or implosive therapy. Implosive therapy consisted of 5 30-min. sessions of treatment in which Ss were asked to imagine highly anxiety-evoking scenes pertaining to test anxiety while concentrating on experiencing the accompanying sensations as intensely as possible. The placebo group imagined non-relevant scenes while concentrating on experiencing the accompanying sensations as intensely as possible. The results indicated a significant difference in terms of anxiety reduction between the no-treatment control group and the implosive-therapy group. No significant difference was obtained between the placebo group and the implosive-therapy group, or between the placebo group and the no-treatment group. The importance of a placebo group in behavior therapy research was noted.

Protective effects of histamine on Gq-mediated relaxation in regenerated endothelium

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. H286-H290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin K. Chan ◽  
Song Yan Liao ◽  
Yue Lin Zhang ◽  
Aimin Xu ◽  
Hung Fat Tse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Porcine Coronary Artery ◽  
Endogenous Histamine ◽  
Coronary Endothelium ◽  
Treatment Control Group

In the porcine coronary artery, regenerated endothelium is dysfunctional as regards the responses to endothelium-dependent agonists. The current study aimed to determine the possible involvement of histamine in such dysfunction. Pigs were treated chronically with pyrilamine (H1 receptor inhibitor, 2 mg·kg−1·day−1) with part of their coronary endothelium and allowed to regenerate for 28 days after balloon denudation. The results showed a reduction in relaxation to bradykinin (Gq protein dependent) only in the pyrilamine-treated group (area under the curve, 269.7 ± 13.4 vs. 142.0 ± 31.0, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium) but not in the control group (253.0 ± 22.1 vs. 231.9 ± 29.5, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). The differences in the relaxation to serotonin (Gi protein dependent) between native and regenerated endothelium were not affected by the pyrilamine treatment (control group, 106.3 ± 17.0 vs. 55.61 ± 12.7; and pyrilamine group, 106.0 ± 8.20 vs. 49.30 ± 6.31, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). These findings indicate that during regeneration of the endothelium, the activation of H1 receptors by endogenous histamine may be required to maintain the endothelium-dependent Gq protein-mediated relaxation to bradykinin, suggesting a beneficial role of the monoamine in the process of endothelial regeneration.

A Treatment/Control Group Study of Growth Hormone Treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 31S-37S ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Y. Whitman ◽  
Susan Myers ◽  
Aaron Carrel ◽  
David Allen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Treatment Control Group

scholarly journals Pharmacological Basis of CD101 Efficacy: Exposure Shape Matters

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Lakota ◽  
Justin C. Bader ◽  
Voon Ong ◽  
Ken Bartizal ◽  
Lynn Miesel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Pharmacological Basis

ABSTRACT CD101 is a novel echinocandin with concentration-dependent fungicidal activity in vitro and a long half-life (∼133 h in humans, ∼70 to 80 h in mice). Given these characteristics, it is likely that the shape of the CD101 exposure (i.e., the time course of CD101 concentrations) influences efficacy. To test this hypothesis, doses which produce the same total area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were administered to groups of neutropenic ICR mice infected with Candida albicans R303 using three different schedules. A total CD101 dose of 2 mg/kg was administered as a single intravenous (i.v.) dose or in equal divided doses of either 1 mg/kg twice weekly or 0.29 mg/kg/day over 7 days. The studies were performed using a murine disseminated candidiasis model. Animals were euthanized at 168 h following the start of treatment. Fungi grew well in the no-treatment control group and showed variable changes in fungal density in the treatment groups. When the CD101 AUC from 0 to 168 h (AUC0–168) was administered as a single dose, a >2 log10 CFU reduction from the baseline at 168 h was observed. When twice-weekly and daily regimens with similar AUC values were administered, net fungal stasis and a >1 log10 CFU increase from the baseline were observed, respectively. These data support the hypothesis that the shape of the CD101 AUC influences efficacy. Thus, CD101 administered once per week demonstrated a greater degree of fungal killing than the same dose divided into twice-weekly or daily regimens.

scholarly journals Uptake and Metabolism of Tritiated 17ß-Oestradiol and Oestrone by Rabbit Uterine Tissue in vitro

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Gabb ◽  
GM Stone
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Nuclear Extract ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

To determine whether the established capability of rabbit uterine tissue to interconvert 17 p-oestradiol and oestrone might have some effect on the mode of action of the oestrogens in this organ, the in vitro interconversion of [3H]-17p-oestradiol and [3H]oestrone by rabbit endometrial and myometrial tissue was investigated and the identity of radiometabolites in 'soluble, 'mitochondrial-microsomal' a'nd 'nuclear' preparations was studied. Both endometrial and myometrial tissue were found to be capable of oxidoreduction of the oestrogens, the equilibrium of the reaction favouring the reduction of oestrone. Irrespective of the tissue--steroid combination studied, the greater part of the radioactivity in all fractions was associated with 17p-oestradiol. The relative proportions of [3Hl-17p-oestradiol and [3H]oestrone varied between fractions, the nuclear preparation consistently showing a lower proportion of oestrone than the other fractions. Sephade<c fractionation of a 0'4M KCl 'nuclear extract' revealed that proportionately less oestrone than 17p-oestradiol was bound to the nuclear 'receptor'. These findings provide further evidence for 17p-oestradiol being the ovarian oestrogen which is active in the uterus, and suggest a role for uterine oxidoreduction of oestrogens in the control exercised over this organ by these steroids.

scholarly journals Transcriptional, Mitochondrial Activity, and Viability of Egyptian Buffalo’s Granulosa Cells In Vitro Cultured under Heat Elevation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
Nasser Ghanem ◽  
Marwa Said Faheem ◽  
Romysa Samy ◽  
Ashraf Hesham Barkawi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Other Hand

It is documented that heat stress caused impairment on the reproductive performance of dairy animals. However, there are few reports that have focused on the molecular and intracellular responses of in vitro cultured buffalo granulosa cells during heat elevation. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat elevation during in vitro culture of buffalo granulosa cells on their viability, quality, mitochondrial activity, and transcriptional activity. Granulosa cells were harvested after aspiration of cumulus-oocytes complexes that were collected from abattoir ovaries. The granulosa cells were cultured in vitro either at a normal physiological temperature suitable for oocyte maturation and embryo development (38.5°C) or exposed to the elevated temperature of 40.5°C on day 3 of culture (the first two days were for confluence) for two hours of culture then continued at 38.5°C up to day 7 of culture. The viability of granulosa cells was measured using trypan blue and quality was estimated by measuring the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) on day 7. Moreover, metabolic activity was performed by measuring the fluorescent intensity of mitochondria. Moreover, transcriptional activity was done by profiling four selected candidate genes using quantitative real-time PCR. The results indicated that the granulosa cells viability rate significantly decreased in the heat stress group (25.1 ± 3.7), compared to the control group (36.6 ± 5.3) on confluence day (day 3). In addition, the viability rate on the last day of culture (day 7) decreased in heat stress, compared to control (83.7 ± 4.5 and 97.4 ± 0.4, respectively). On the other hand, there was a nonsignificant difference in ROS profile between the control (21.7*104 ± 1.3) and the heat-stressed group (15.7 ± 0.7) on day 7 of culture. However, the mitochondrial fluorescent intensity was higher in the control (21.9 ± 1.9) than in the heat-stressed group (15.4 ± 0.8) on day 7 of culture. The expression of cellular defense (HSF1) and apoptosis-inducing gene (P53) were significantly up-regulated in granulosa cells exposed to heat elevation, compared to the control group. On the other hand, the steroidogenesis-regulating gene (StAR) was down-regulated in granulosa cells cultured under heat shock, compared to the control group. In conclusion, heat stress reduced the viability of granulosa cells by inducing the expression of an apoptosis-related gene (P53) and compromised expression of genes regulating the steroid biosynthesis, which resulted in up-regulation of cell defense gene (HSF1) in an attempt to ameliorate the deleterious effect of heat stress on the biological activity of the granulosa cells.

Can placebos prevent intrusive memories?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kube ◽  
Irving Kirsch ◽  
Julia Glombiewski ◽  
Philipp Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Intrusive Memories ◽  
Experimental Psychopathology ◽  
Negative Appraisal ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Healthy Participants

After traumatic experiences, intrusive memories can flash back and evoke significant distress. Here, we investigated whether the occurrence of intrusions can be prevented by placebo. After the exposure to an experimental psychopathology model of psychological trauma, healthy participants (N=112) were randomised to deceptive placebo (DP), open-label placebo (OLP), or a no-treatment control group. The results show that one week later, the groups did not differ in the frequency of intrusive memories. However, participants receiving OLP reported the lowest intensity of intrusions. Participants receiving DP reported the lowest burden of intrusions. Across groups, the expectation that intrusions will be intense and hardly controllable was associated with a higher frequency of intrusions, higher distress, higher burden, and more negative appraisal. The results suggest that expectations play a crucial role in the emergence of intrusive memories and that at least some of the disabling aspects of intrusive memories can be reduced by placebo.

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