BIOASSAY OF ANTIGONADOTROPHIC SERA

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Petrusz ◽  
C. Robyn ◽  
E. Diczfalusy ◽  
D. J. Finney
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Bioassay Method ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Experimental evidence is presented indicating that the principle of additivity between gonadotrophic and antigonadotrophic activities which forms the basis of the previously proposed bioassay method for antigonadotrophic sera (Robyn et al. 1968) is valid for a wide range of hormone:antiserum ratios. From knowledge of the antigonadotrophic potency of an antiserum, it is possible to select an amount of antiserum which will completely neutralize a given gonadotrophic activity.

Beauty in Efficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odette da Silva ◽  
Nathan Crilly ◽  
Paul Hekkert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Principle Of Maximum

Theory and discourse suggest that the aesthetic appreciation of a wide range of artifacts—including works of art and consumer products—is partially governed by the principle of maximum effect for minimum means. We conducted two studies to find experimental evidence of this principle in the context of product design. In Study 1, we tested the hypothesis that the aesthetic appreciation of a product would be positively affected by the perception of the product as the minimum means achieving the maximum effect. Encouraged by the results of this study, we conducted Study 2 to test again the principle of maximum effect for minimum means using a more controlled experimental design. Our findings provide support for our hypothesis, indicating that the aesthetic appreciation of a product depends, to some extent, on the perception that the product achieves more than other products from its category by making an efficient use of resources.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR VIBRATIONAL RESONANCE AND ENHANCED SIGNAL TRANSMISSION IN CHUA'S CIRCUIT

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1350189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. JOTHIMURUGAN ◽  
K. THAMILMARAN ◽  
S. RAJASEKAR ◽  
M. A. F. SANJUÁN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Chua’S Circuit ◽  
Vibrational Resonance ◽  
Frequency Signal ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Chua's Circuit ◽  
Wide Range

We consider a single Chua's circuit and a system of a unidirectionally coupled n-Chua's circuits driven by a biharmonic signal with two widely different frequencies ω and Ω, where Ω ≫ ω. We show experimental evidence for vibrational resonance in the single Chua's circuit and undamped signal propagation of a low-frequency signal in the system of n-coupled Chua's circuits where only the first circuit is driven by the biharmonic signal. In the single circuit, we illustrate the mechanism of vibrational resonance and the influence of the biharmonic signal parameters on the resonance. In the n(=75)-coupled Chua's circuits enhanced propagation of low-frequency signal is found to occur for a wide range of values of the amplitude of the high-frequency input signal and coupling parameter. The response amplitude of the ith circuit increases with i and attains a saturation. Moreover, the unidirectional coupling is found to act as a low-pass filter.

scholarly journals Thymodepressin—Unforeseen Immunosuppressor

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6550
Author(s):  
Vladislav I. Deigin ◽  
Julia E. Vinogradova ◽  
Dmitry L Vinogradov ◽  
Marina S. Krasilshchikova ◽  
Vadim T. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Peptide Drug ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Available Information

The paper summarizes the available information concerning the biological properties and biomedical applications of Thymodepressin. This synthetic peptide drug displays pronounced immunoinhibitory activity across a wide range of conditions in vitro and in vivo. The history of its unforeseen discovery is briefly reviewed, and the current as well as potential expansion areas of medicinal practice are outlined. Additional experimental evidence is obtained, demonstrating several potential advantages of Thymodepressin over another actively used immunosuppressor drug, cyclosporin A.

scholarly journals Inbreeding avoidance through non-random mating in sticklebacks

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim G Frommen ◽  
Theo C.M Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Inbreeding Avoidance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nuptial Coloration ◽  
Wide Range

Negative effects of inbreeding are well documented in a wide range of animal taxa. Hatching success and survival of inbred offspring is reduced in many species and inbred progeny are often less attractive to potential mates. Thus, individuals should avoid mating with close kin. However, experimental evidence for inbreeding avoidance through non-random mating in vertebrates is scarce. Here, we show that gravid female three-spined sticklebacks ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) when given the choice between a courting familiar brother and a courting unfamiliar non-sib prefer to mate with the non-sib and thus avoid the disadvantages of incest. We controlled for differences in males' body size and red intensity of nuptial coloration. Thus, females adjust their courting behaviour to the risk of inbreeding.

scholarly journals Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Intergroup Contact

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia E. Hayward ◽  
Linda R. Tropp ◽  
Matthew J. Hornsey ◽  
Fiona Kate Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Contact ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

Positive contact predicts reduced prejudice, but negative contact may increase prejudice at a stronger rate. The current project builds on this work in four ways: establishing an understanding of contact that is grounded in subjective experience, examining the affective mediators involved in the negative contact–prejudice relationship, extending research on the effects of positive and negative contact to minority groups, and examining the contact asymmetry experimentally. Study 1 introduced anger as a mediator of the relationships between positive and negative contact and prejudice among White Americans ( N = 371), using a contact measure that reflected the frequency and intensity of a wide range of experiences. Study 2 found a contact asymmetry among Black and Hispanic Americans ( N = 365). Study 3 found initial experimental evidence of a contact asymmetry ( N = 309). We conclude by calling for a more nuanced understanding of intergroup contact that recognizes its multifaceted and subjective nature.

Rapid serial visual presentation: An approach to design

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Witkowski ◽  
Robert Spence
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Image Presentation ◽  
Wide Range

A familiar action in the physical world is the riffling of a book’s pages in order to gain, in a very short time, some idea about its content. That action is appropriately termed rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). A computational embodiment of RSVP can provide such a variety of possible image presentation modes and flexibility of control as to offer a powerful tool to support a wide range of tasks involving the presentation of a collection of images. Those images can be conventional pictures (e.g. the Mona Lisa), the current image of a television channel, a frame of a video recording, the layout of a letterhead or page, a line drawing, a logo or the layout and shape of some text as in a motorway sign. Although our understanding of RSVP is not complete, sufficient experimental evidence and application experience is now available to lead to a useful set of guidelines for the interaction designer interested in exploiting its potential. These guidelines relate to six specific areas of design: the design style, the rate at which images are presented, image size on screen, the value of user control, image density on screen and image overlap. In this paper those guidelines are presented and justified by experimental evidence, much of it, unsurprisingly, emerging from the nature of human visual processing. In formulating the guidelines we fully acknowledge the importance, in a practical application, of aesthetic considerations; likewise, we take account of the need to minimise constraints on the creativity of the interaction designer. While RSVP addresses a specific class of tasks, we suggest that the principles discussed in this paper will have a broader relevance to image presentation techniques.

scholarly journals CiliaCarta: an integrated and validated compendium of ciliary genes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teunis J. P. van Dam ◽  
Julie Kennedy ◽  
Robin van der Lee ◽  
Erik de Vrieze ◽  
Kirsten A. Wunderlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Bayesian Statistics ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Predictive Score ◽  
Candidate List ◽  
Ciliary Function ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe cilium is an essential organelle at the surface of most mammalian cells whose dysfunction causes a wide range of genetic diseases collectively called ciliopathies. The current rate at which new ciliopathy genes are identified suggests that many ciliary components remain undiscovered. We generated and rigorously analyzed genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic and evolutionary data and systematically integrated these using Bayesian statistics into a predictive score for ciliary function. This resulted in 285 candidate ciliary genes. We found experimental evidence of ciliary associations for 24 out of 36 analyzed candidate proteins. In addition, we show that OSCP1, which has previously been implicated in two distinct non-ciliary functions, causes a cilium dysfunction phenotype when depleted in zebrafish. The candidate list forms the basis of CiliaCarta, a comprehensive ciliary compendium covering 836 genes. The resource can be used to objectively prioritize candidate genes in whole exome or genome sequencing of ciliopathy patients and can be accessed at http://bioinformatics.bio.uu.nl/john/syscilia/ciliacarta/.

scholarly journals Computational and NMR Conformational Analysis of Galactofuranoside Cycles Presented in Bacterial and Fungal Polysaccharide Antigens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey G. Gerbst ◽  
Vadim B. Krylov ◽  
Nikolay E. Nifantiev
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Conformational Analysis ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Conformational Behavior ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Conformational Preferences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polysaccharide Antigens

Unlike pyranoside cycles which are generally characterized by strictly defined conformational preferences, furanosides are flexible and may adopt a wide range of available conformations. During our previous studies, conformational changes of galactofuranoside cycles upon total sulfation were described computationally, using a simple Hartree–Fock (HF) method, and principal conformers of the 5-membered galactose ring were revealed. However, in the case of more complex disaccharide structures, it was found that this method and the widely applied DFT-B3LYP produced results that deviated from experimental evidence. In this study, other DFT functionals (PBE0 and double hybrid B2PLYP) along with RI-MP2 are employed to study the conformational behavior of the galactofuranoside ring. Reinvestigation of galactofuranosides with a lactic acid substituent at O-3 revealed that changes in the orientation of lactic acid residue at O-3 might induce conformational changes of the furanoside cycle. Such findings are important for further modeling of carbohydrate–protein interaction.

scholarly journals Disruptive camouflage impairs object recognition

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 20130501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Webster ◽  
Christopher Hassall ◽  
Chris M. Herdman ◽  
Jean-Guy J. Godin ◽  
Thomas N. Sherratt
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Background Matching ◽  
Direct Experimental Evidence ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Disruptive Coloration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Salient Features

Whether hiding from predators, or avoiding battlefield casualties, camouflage is widely employed to prevent detection. Disruptive coloration is a seemingly well-known camouflage mechanism proposed to function by breaking up an object's salient features (for example their characteristic outline), rendering objects more difficult to recognize. However, while a wide range of animals are thought to evade detection using disruptive patterns, there is no direct experimental evidence that disruptive coloration impairs recognition. Using humans searching for computer-generated moth targets, we demonstrate that the number of edge-intersecting patches on a target reduces the likelihood of it being detected, even at the expense of reduced background matching. Crucially, eye-tracking data show that targets with more edge-intersecting patches were looked at for longer periods prior to attack, and passed-over more frequently during search tasks. We therefore show directly that edge patches enhance survivorship by impairing recognition, confirming that disruptive coloration is a distinct camouflage strategy, not simply an artefact of background matching.

A Model for the Prediction of Churning Losses in Geared Transmissions—Preliminary Results

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Changenet ◽  
P. Velex
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Automotive Transmission ◽  
Pinion Gear ◽  
Transmission Geometry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Formula

A series of formulas are presented which enable accurate predictions of churning losses for one pinion characteristic of automotive transmission geometry. The results are based on dimensional analysis and have been experimentally validated over a wide range of speeds, gear geometries, lubricants, and immersion depths. The case of a pinion-gear pair in mesh has been considered, and it has been proved that, depending on the sense of rotation, the superposition of the individual losses of the pinion and of the gear leads to erroneous figures. A new formula devoted to a pinion and gear rotating anticlockwise has been derived and validated by comparison with experimental evidence.

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