FORMATION OF EPITESTOSTERONE BY HUMAN BLOOD AND ADRENAL TISSUE

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Blaquier ◽  
Ralph I. Dorfman ◽  
Enrico Forchielli
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Idiopathic Hirsutism ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Peripheral Production

ABSTRACT Whole peripheral venous blood from normal men and women, and from females with idiopathic hirsutism was incubated in vitro with labelled testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone. Epitestosterone was formed consistently from added testosterone, in some cases from androstenedione but not from dehydroepiandrosterone. The rate of formation of epitestosterone from testosterone by blood of normal men and women is similar, whereas the rate of formation in blood from female idiopathic hirsutes was several fold greater. In a similar manner, normal human adrenal tissue also formed epitestosterone from added testosterone but not from androstenedione nor dehydroepiandrosterone. These results suggest that the origin of urinary epitestosterone can be the resultant of both peripheral production and endocrine gland secretion.

INTERCONVERSION OF PROGESTERONE AND 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE AND OF ANDROSTENEDIONE AND TESTOSTERONE IN VITRO BY BLOOD AND ERYTHROCYTES

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. van der Molen ◽  
D. Groen
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Equivalent Amount ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Normal Men

ABSTRACT Peripheral venous blood and erythrocytes from normal men and women, as well as from dogs, rabbits and sheep were incubated with 14C-labeled progesterone*, 20α-dihydroprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone. The presence in blood and erythrocytes of a 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, catalyzing the interconversion progesterone ⇄ 20α-dihydroprogesterone, and of a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, catalyzing the interconversion androstenedione ⇆ testosterone was observed. Incubation with washed erythrocytes in the presence of glucose and several co-factors favoured the formation of the reduced compounds: 20α-dihydroprogesterone or testosterone. Incubations with washed erythrocytes, without addition of glucose and co-factors, favoured the formation of the oxidized compounds: progesterone and androstenedione. Incubation of steroids with whole blood, resulted in metabolism of progesterone to 20α-dihydroprogesterone and of androstenedione to testosterone. The formation of the product during incubation in vitro increased linearly with time of incubation (15—180 min). Incubations of 20 ml blood or the equivalent amount of erythrocytes with substrate amounts of steroids varying from 0.5 to 3000 μg, gave a linear increase in the amount of product formed. The possible significance of these observations in vitro for steroid metabolism in vivo is discussed.

IN VITRO RESPONSES OF FOCAL HYPERPLASTIC TISSUE OF THE HUMAN ADRENAL ZONA FASCICULATA TO ACTH

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth V. Honn ◽  
Walter Chavin ◽  
Amnuay Singhakowinta
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Hyperplastic Tissue ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Adrenal Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Normal Adrenal Tissue

ABSTRACT The temporal cAMP, cortisol and aldosterone responses to ACTH of focal hyperplasia of the zona fasciculata and of normal human adrenocortical tissue were investigated. ACTH significantly increased cAMP levels (1 min) and cortisol output (2 min) in normal adrenal tissue but not in hyperplastic tissue. However, following ACTH treatment cortisol and aldosterone production were depressed in the abnormal adrenal tissue below the untreated or the ACTH stimulated normal adrenal tissue. In addition, basal cortisol and aldosterone production of the hyperplastic adrenal tissue was elevated above that of the normal adrenal tissue. These findings suggest that the cAMP second messenger concept may be only one of several mechanisms in the modulation of human adrenocortical function.

ANDROGEN PRODUCTION AND SKIN METABOLISM IN HIRSUTISM

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRÉDÉRIQUE KUTTENN ◽  
IRÉNE MOWSZOWICZ ◽  
GILBERT SCHAISON ◽  
PIERRE MAUVAIS-JARVIS
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Testosterone Metabolism ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Skin Metabolism ◽  
Idiopathic Hirsutism ◽  
Sexual Skin ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Increased Activity

The concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the plasma and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (androstanediol) in the urine were measured in 40 women with hirsutism of ovarian, adrenal and idiopathic origin. Conversion of [3H]testosterone to DHT, 3α- and 3β-androstanediols was also studied in homogenates of pubic skin obtained from 15 of the patients. Results were compared with values obtained from normal men and women. Values for the levels of testosterone, DHT and androstenedione in the plasma and androstanediol in the urine of hirsute women were all above control levels, especially for plasma androstenedione and urinary androstanediol (P < 0·001). This finding was particularly marked in patients with hirsutism of ovarian origin. Conversion of [3H]testosterone to 5α-reduced metabolites by homogenates of skin obtained from hirsute women was significantly greater than by homogenates of skin from normal women (P < 0·001) but was the same as the value for normal men. The highest values for conversion were obtained from the patients with idiopathic hirsutism. These results indicate that androstenedione is the principal androgen secreted in hirsutism. In sexual skin this steroid may be converted to DHT and 3α-, and 3β-androstanediols and the increased activity of testosterone 5α-reductase may result in an exaggerated 'utilization' of androstenedione in this tissue. The high rate of excretion of androstanediol in the urine of patients with idiopathic hirsutism may be explained by the fact that this steroid is an end-product of testosterone metabolism.

SECRETION OF THYROXINE, 3,5,3′-TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND 3,3′5′-TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN EUTHYROID MAN

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Westgren ◽  
A. Melander ◽  
S. Ingemansson ◽  
A. Burger ◽  
S. Tibblin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Secretion Rates

ABSTRACT The secretion of iodothyronines from the normal human thyroid gland was assessed by radioimmunoassay analyses of the concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) in thyroid venous and peripheral venous blood. The subjects studied were euthyroid patients undergoing parathyroid surgery. Measurements were carried out both under apparently normal conditions, following peroral T3 pre-treatment, and before and after acute administration of TSH into a thyroid artery. In the control subjects, significant gradients between thyroid venous and peripheral venous concentrations were recorded both for T4, T3 and rT3, suggesting that all three iodothyronines are secreted by the normal human thyroid. T3 pre-treatment seemed to reduce this secretion, and acute administration of TSH promoted rapid, marked, and concomitant increments in the thyroid venous concentrations of all three iodothyronines. Hence, it appears that not only T4 but also T3 and rT3 are secreted by the normal human thyroid gland, and that TSH stimulates the secretion of all three iodothyronines. On the other hand, calculations of the relative secretion rates yielded the relation T4:T3:rT3 as 85:9:1. This indicates that, in euthyroid subjects, most of T3, and almost all of rT3, is produced by extrathyroidal conversion of T4 and not by direct thyroidal secretion.

Activation of the Kinin-Forming System during Therapy with Cyclophosphamide

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cuschieri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Maximum Decrease

Abstract Venous blood kininogen is significantly decreased during therapy with cyclophosphamide in cases of advanced breast cancer. The maximum decrease in plasma kininogen coincided with onset of maximal leukopenia in the peripheral venous blood. In vitro studies showed that both human whole blood and mononuclear cell suspensions liberate free kinin when incubated with cyclophosphamide, but plateletfree human plasma does not. Evidently, the kinin-forming system is activated during therapy with cyclophosphamide, and this may account for some of its reported side effects. The in vitro studies suggest that this activation results from damage to peripheral blood leukocytes by the cyclophosphamide, with the release of intracellular proteases.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF 6β, 17α, 21-TRIHYDROXY-6α-METHYL-Δ4-PREGNENE-3,20-DIONE (21-ACETATE) FROM THE URINE OF HUMAN SUBJECTS TREATED WITH 6α-METHYL-17α-ACETOXYPROGESTERONE

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. CASTEGNARO ◽  
G. SALA
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
Normal Men

SUMMARY A new tetrazolium reducing compound, present as a conjugate which could be hydrolysed by β-glucuronidase, has been isolated from the urine of normal men and women and oophorectomized-adrenalectomized women, all of whom had received 100 mg./day 6α-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (MAP) either subcutaneously or orally. Detailed studies of its characteristics, including degradation reactions, ultraviolet and infrared spectra, combined with studies on known steroids, suggest that the new compound is 6β,17α,21-trihydroxy-6α-methyl-Δ4-pregnene-3,20-dione (21-acetate). It is suggested that MAP in vivo undergoes hydroxylation at C-21 in the absence of ovarian and adrenal tissue which up to the present have been considered essential for this metabolic process.

LEUKOCYTE MOTILITY: I. METHOD OF STUDY, NORMAL VARIATION, EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ALTERATIONS IN ENVIRONMENT, AND EFFECT OF IODOACETATE

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Normal Variation ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Directed Motility

A method for the study of random and directed motility of human leukocytes obtained from small amounts of peripheral venous blood is presented in which the cells are studied in vitro under standardized conditions and the results are expressed quantitatively. A small population of subjects in varying states of health was studied. Considerable variation in the amount of leukocyte motility was found. Small variations in the physical environment (direction of motility in relation to gravity, and the presence of currents) had little if any influence on motility. No motility was observed in the presence of iodoacetate at a concentration of 10−4 M. These results suggest that the motility observed is active and metabolism dependent.

EFFECTS OF EPINEPHRINE ON THE PRODUCTION AND METABOLIC CLEARANCE OF CORTISOL IN NORMAL MEN AND WOMEN AND IN WOMEN WITH IDIOPATHIC HIRSUTISM

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Segre ◽  
E. H. Friedrich ◽  
O. I. Dodek ◽  
C. W. Lloyd ◽  
J. Lobotsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Baseline Cortisol ◽  
Idiopathic Hirsutism ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men

ABSTRACT The influence of epinephrine on the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and production rate (PR) of cortisol was determined in normal men and women and in women with idiopathic hirsutism. MCR was measured using a constant infusion of 3H-cortisol and PR calculated as the product of MCR and plasma cortisol concentration according to the model of Tait. After control observations 0.5 μg/kg epinephrine was injected intravenously in one minute followed by a constant infusion at a rate of 0.5 mg/h. The mean cortisol MCR was 10.3 litres/h in males and 7.9 litres/h in females. In neither sex was it altered by epinephrine. The mean baseline cortisol PR in males was 568 μg/h; it increased to 940 μg/h with epinephrine (P < .025 > .01). In hirsute females the mean baseline cortisol PR was 697 μg/h with an increase to 1067 μg/h with epinephrine. In normal females, the increase in cortisol PR was less (515 μg/h to 638 μg/h). Adrenal responsiveness to epinephrine, as measured by the production of cortisol, appears greater in hirsute than in normal women. Possible relationships between this difference and the development of hirsutism are discussed.

Presence and Possible Origin of ɛ(γ-Glutamyl)Lysine Isodipeptide in Human Plasma

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (01) ◽  
pp. 060-062 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Harsfalvi ◽  
E Tarcsa ◽  
M Udvardy ◽  
G Zajka ◽  
T Szarvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
Normal Human Plasma ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Hplc Technique ◽  
Significant Change

Summaryɛ(γ-glutamyl)lysine isodipeptide has been detected in normal human plasma by a sensitive HPLC technique in a concentration of 1.9-3.6 μmol/1. Incubation of in vitro clotted plasma at 37° C for 12 h resulted in an increased amount of isodipeptide, and there was no further significant change when streptokinase was also present. Increased in vivo isodipeptide concentrations were also observed in hypercoagulable states and during fibrinolytic therapy.

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