SIGNIFIKANTE VERÄNDERUNG DES ALKALISCHEN LEUKOZYTENPHOSPHATASE-INDEX WÄHREND DES MENSTRUELLEN ZYKLUS

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bauer-Sič
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Woman ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women

ABSTRACT For the determination of alcaline phosphatase of leucocytes (ALP) blood smears from 5 menstruating women, 2 pregnant women, 1 postmenopausal woman, and 3 men were examined daily during some cycles or for a period of several months. In contrast to the males and the postmenopausal woman, the women with a regular menstrual cycle show a significant increase in ALP starting approximately at the 15th day after the onset of the menstruation bleeding and lasting for 3–5 days. The maximum level corresponded to the time of ovulation. Furthermore there was a good correlation between the ALP-values with the known amounts of oestrogens excreted during a normal menstrual cycle. Therefore the cytochemical determination of ALP provides a rapid additional method for testing the ovarial function when carried out daily. When the single ALP determination is done, like in routine clinical analysis, consideration should be given to the day of the cycle when the sample was taken.

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATING STEROIDS IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nuñez ◽  
A.-R. Aedo ◽  
B.-M. Landgren ◽  
S. Z. Cekan ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Cyclic Pattern ◽  
Oestrone Sulphate ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

ABSTRACT The plasma levels of oestrone sulphate, oestradiol sulphate, oestrone and oestradiol were studied in samples collected daily from 8 normally menstruating women throughout a complete menstrual cycle. In order to ascertain the normality of the cycles studied, LH and progesterone were also determined daily. All compounds were measured by radioimmunoassay, the sulphates after solvolysis. For the determination of the sulphates a procedure was developed which fulfilled the recognized criteria of reliability. Both oestrone sulphate and oestradiol sulphate displayed a marked cyclic pattern, similar to and correlated with that of oestrone and oestradiol, i. e., all 4 oestrogens exhibited a marked mid-cycle peak and elevated levels during the luteal phase. The mean levels of the steroid moiety of oestrone sulphate were 10–15 times higher than those of oestrone, and 2–3 times higher than those of the 3 other oestrogens together. On the other hand, the mean levels of oestradiol sulphate were 1.2 to 4 times lower than those of oestradiol. The ratios of the levels of various pairs of oestrogens were calculated. All pairs showed a considerable change of ratios from the early follicular phase to mid-cycle. This demonstrates that the mutual metabolic equilibria of oestrogens are different in various phases of the cycle. Daily measurements of oestrone sulphate and oestradiol sulphate do not seem to provide a better index to predict the day of ovulation than the characteristic changes in progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels.

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATING STEROIDS IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1976 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-R. Aedo ◽  
B.-M. Landgren ◽  
Z. Cekan ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

ABSTRACT Plasma levels of 20α-dihydroprogesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone were assayed daily in 15 normally menstruating women during a complete menstrual cycle. In order to ascertain the normalcy of the cycles studied, LH, progesterone and oestradiol were also determined daily. The pattern of 20α-dihydroprogesterone was very similar to that of progesterone. The levels found during the proliferative phase (around 240 pg/ml) increased significantly on the day of the LH-surge and reached values of approximately 3.7 ng/ml at the peak period of luteal activity. The plasma levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in the proliferative phase were around 380 pg/ml. The first significant increase occurred one day before the LH-surge and was followed by a sharp peak (approximately 1.5 ng/ml) which coincided with the LH peak. A significant decrease occurred after this first peak, which reached a nadir two days after the LH-surge. This was followed by a second rise with a rather broad peak (about 1.8 ng/ml) around the 5th to 7th days after the LH-surge. The levels of 17-hydroxypregnenolone did not show any cyclic variation: from all figures a geometric mean value of 1.62 ng/ml was calculated with tolerance limits at 0.241 and 10.8 ng/ml. Individual day-to-day changes in steroid levels were assessed with regard to their potential for the early identification of the day of the LH-surge. A 17-hydroxyprogesterone value of 1.0 ng/ml, or more, was seen for the first time in the cycle on the day of the LH peak in 13 cycles and a progesterone + 17-hydroxyprogesterone level of at least 1.8 ng/ml in 14 of the 15 cycles studied. These data seem to warrant a study of the predictive value of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone assays in a much larger population.

A DOUBLE ISOTOPIC DERIVATIVE METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF OESTRONE AND 17β-OESTRADIOL IN PLASMA

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (II) ◽  
pp. 161-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
Menstruating Women

ABSTRACT A method with a sensitivity of about 2 ng is evolved for the determination of oestrone and 17β-oestradiol in plasma. The method is based on the double isotopic derivative principle and makes use of the isotopes 35S and 131I. The method includes: Extraction of plasma, purification of the extract, esterification of oestrone and 17β-oestradiol by means of p-iodobenzenesulphonyl chloride, purification of the esters formed by paper chromatography, counting of the radioactivities and calculation of the results. The procedures are described in detail and discussed. Determinations in plasma gave the following ranges of concentrations: Normally menstruating women, oestrone and 17β-oestradiol: 0.1–0.75 μg/l, some patients with primary or secondary amenorrhea, oestrone and 17β-oestradiol: 0–0.45 μg/l and pregnant women, oestrone: 1–10 μg/l and 17β-oestradiol: 2–30 μg/l.

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATING STEROIDS IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-M. Landgren ◽  
S. Campo ◽  
S. Z. Cekan ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

ABSTRACT The variation of the plasma levels of 11 steroids and LH was investigated in 6 normally menstruating women during the peri-menstrual period. Blood was withdrawn continuously over a period of 42 h at a rate of 4 ml/h by means of a non-thrombogenic pump. The changes in hormone levels were studied during 14 3-h sampling periods (42 h) which - with respect to the clock time - were identical in all subjects. Cortisol, 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone exhibited a marked circadian rhythm with the highest mean levels in the morning between 06.00 and 09.00 h and the lowest mean levels during the night between 21.00 and 03.00 h. The amplitude of the variation was high, the differences between the highest and lowest values being 200, 590 and 150%, respectively. Also the coincidence of individual peak values with the average peaks was high (mostly in 5 out of 6 cases). The correlation of cortisol levels with those of 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone was significant (r = 0.79 and 0.59, respectively; P < 0.001). The circadian variation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and pregnenolone was also significant, but less pronounced, as indicated by lower amplitudes and larger spread of individual peaks around average peaks. The correlation of the levels of these steroids with those of cortisol was significant (r=0.47 P<0.001; r=0.44 P<0.001 and r=0.31: P<0.01, respectively). Progesterone, 20α-dihydroprogesterone, testosterone and oestradiol did not exhibit any circadian variation, but a steady decrease of levels. The levels of the first two steroids were significantly correlated (r = 0.81; P < 0.001). The dihydrotestosterone and LH levels did not show any significant changes during the entire study. If, however, only the second half of the sampling time was statistically analysed, a significant increase was found in the LH levels. During this time the LH levels were negatively correlated with the decreasing levels of progesterone and 20α-dihydroprogesterone (r=−0.59 and −0.66, respectively; P < 0.001). A comparison of the data with those of a previous study performed during the peri-ovulatory period suggests that the occurrence, intensity and regularity of the circadian rhythm varies according to different phases of the menstrual cycle. The data also suggest that 17-hydroxypregnenolone in plasma is an excellent indicator of adrenocortical activity.

THE PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF UNCONJUGATED OESTRONE AND 17β-OESTRADIOL DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Svendsen ◽  
Børge Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Double Isotope

ABSTRACT By a double isotope derivative technique, the content of »free« oestrone and 17β-oestradiol was determined in plasma from normally menstruating women. Through the cycle the concentration of the two hormones was found to range from 0.1–0.3 μg/l, substantially higher values being found only in the middle third of the cycle. Daily determinations around the time of ovulation in a few women showed a short-lasting increase up to 1 μg/l. This increase appears to precede ovulation, and the authors advance the idea that this increase is a contributory cause of ovulation.

ISOLATION AND CYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMAN ENDOMETRIAL CELLS

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S81-S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Johannisson ◽  
Kerstin Hagenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cell Nucleus ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Menstruating Women

ABSTRACT Quantitative cytochemical methods were employed for the determination of some cellular properties of isolated endometrial cells. Two different methods have been used: an absorption microspectrophotometric method for the estimation of Feulgen-DNA and a microfluorometric technique for the assessment of glycogen. The two methods have been evaluated with respect to their specificity when applied to isolated human endometrial cells. The variation in endometrial DNA and glycogen during the menstrual cycle was studied in isolated cells taken from normally menstruating women. During the first part of the proliferative phase from cycle day (c. d.) 1 to c. d. 10–11 the Feulgen-DNA values in the endometrial cells remained at a constant level, corresponding to the pre-synthesizing phase (G1). However, in the samples obtained from cycle days 14, 16–18, and 19–23 the cells were mainly in the DNA-synthesizing phase (S), revealing a higher amount of Feulgen-DNA per nucleus than in the early proliferative phase. By c. d. 27 a statistically significant drop in Feulgen-DNA per cell nucleus was found and the endometrial cells were again in G1-phase. The deposit of glycogen showed a gradual increase from c. d. 1 to c. d. 16–18, with a slope of 0.0079 ± 0.0022. This was followed by a significant decrease between c. d. 16–18 and c. d. 27 with a slope of −0.0139 ± 0.0042. Stromal glycogen remained low and constant throughout the entire menstrual cycle.

THE FLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PROGESTERONE IN HUMAN PLASMA DURING PREGNANCY AND THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1962 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. SHORT ◽  
IRIS LEVETT
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Fluorimetric Determination ◽  
Fluorescence Reaction ◽  
Good Agreement

SUMMARY The fluorescence reaction for progesterone described by Touchstone & Murawec (1960) has been used to determine the concentration of progesterone in nineteen samples of peripheral blood from pregnant women, and in seventeen samples of peripheral blood from women during the course of the menstrual cycle. There was good agreement between the ultraviolet and fluorescent estimates of progesterone in all the samples from pregnant women. The concentrations found during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle were in general lower than those found during the luteal phase. In one woman who was sampled repeatedly during the course of a menstrual cycle, there was a well defined rise in the level of progesterone in the blood after the expected date of ovulation.

SERUM LEVELS OF UNCONJUGATED AETIOCHOLANOLONE, ANDROSTENEDIONE, TESTOSTERONE, DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE, ALDOSTERONE, PROGESTERONE AND OESTROGENS DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke Frölich ◽  
Egenius C. Brand ◽  
Eylard V. van Hall
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Basal Body Temperature ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT The results of daily determination of the levels of gonadotrophins, oestradiol, oestrone, progesterone, aldosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and aetiocholanolone in the serum of 6 normal, ovulating women are reported and discussed. A pre-ovulatory aldosterone peak and rising values in the luteal phase of the cycle were found. Androstenedione, testosterone, and aetiocholanolone levels were significantly elevated from 3 days before until 3 days after ovulation. Since the mean androstenedione/aetiocholanolone ratio in the individual cycles in this period was similar to the ratio found during the rest of the cycle, we think it unlikely that aetiocholanolone is produced by the ovaries. No correlation was found between the aetiocholanolone patterns and the basal body temperature. In a case of conception followed for 20 days after ovulation, the steroid patterns remained unchanged until the presumed day of implantation, after which the aldosterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and aetiocholanolone levels started to rise. The mean androstenedione/aetiocholanolone ratio during the 10 days after implantation did not differ from the values obtained in the foregoing periods, so direct aetiocholanolone production by the ovaries after implantation seems unlikely.

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