THE PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF UNCONJUGATED OESTRONE AND 17β-OESTRADIOL DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Svendsen ◽  
Børge Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Double Isotope

ABSTRACT By a double isotope derivative technique, the content of »free« oestrone and 17β-oestradiol was determined in plasma from normally menstruating women. Through the cycle the concentration of the two hormones was found to range from 0.1–0.3 μg/l, substantially higher values being found only in the middle third of the cycle. Daily determinations around the time of ovulation in a few women showed a short-lasting increase up to 1 μg/l. This increase appears to precede ovulation, and the authors advance the idea that this increase is a contributory cause of ovulation.

Short- and long-term fluctuations in plasma prolactin concentration in normal subjects

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Djursing ◽  
Claus Hagen ◽  
Jan Møller ◽  
Claus Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract. The physiological changes in plasma prolactin concentration were studied in 447 normal subjects, including 65 men, 75 pre-menopausal women and 307 post-menopausal women. The within-day and day-to-day variation as well as the circadian and circannual rhythm of plasma prolactin levels were determined. Furthermore, the relationship between changes in prolactin and oestradiol-17β levels during the normal menstrual cycle and in the climacteric was studied. Pre-menopausal women had significantly (P<0.01) higher basal plasma prolactin concentration than men and post-menopausal women. Furthermore, they had significantly (P < 0.01) higher day-to-day variation than men. This suggests that prolactin in women is secreted in a pulsatile fashion. Only small seasonal variations in both sexes were seen. The levels of plasma prolactin during the ovulatory and the luteal phase in the cycle were significantly (P < 0.02) higher than that of the follicular phase, and a positive correlation between changes in plasma concentration of oestradiol-17β and prolactin was found. Also in post-menopausal women a relationship between plasma concentration of prolactin and oestradiol-17β was seen. It is concluded that the assessment of prolactin concentration in blood is dependent on the physiological variation recorded during sleep in both sexes. However, only in women day-to-day changes and the changes related to the menstrual cycle and the climacteric are of importance.

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATING STEROIDS IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1976 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-R. Aedo ◽  
B.-M. Landgren ◽  
Z. Cekan ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

ABSTRACT Plasma levels of 20α-dihydroprogesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone were assayed daily in 15 normally menstruating women during a complete menstrual cycle. In order to ascertain the normalcy of the cycles studied, LH, progesterone and oestradiol were also determined daily. The pattern of 20α-dihydroprogesterone was very similar to that of progesterone. The levels found during the proliferative phase (around 240 pg/ml) increased significantly on the day of the LH-surge and reached values of approximately 3.7 ng/ml at the peak period of luteal activity. The plasma levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in the proliferative phase were around 380 pg/ml. The first significant increase occurred one day before the LH-surge and was followed by a sharp peak (approximately 1.5 ng/ml) which coincided with the LH peak. A significant decrease occurred after this first peak, which reached a nadir two days after the LH-surge. This was followed by a second rise with a rather broad peak (about 1.8 ng/ml) around the 5th to 7th days after the LH-surge. The levels of 17-hydroxypregnenolone did not show any cyclic variation: from all figures a geometric mean value of 1.62 ng/ml was calculated with tolerance limits at 0.241 and 10.8 ng/ml. Individual day-to-day changes in steroid levels were assessed with regard to their potential for the early identification of the day of the LH-surge. A 17-hydroxyprogesterone value of 1.0 ng/ml, or more, was seen for the first time in the cycle on the day of the LH peak in 13 cycles and a progesterone + 17-hydroxyprogesterone level of at least 1.8 ng/ml in 14 of the 15 cycles studied. These data seem to warrant a study of the predictive value of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone assays in a much larger population.

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATING STEROIDS IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-M. Landgren ◽  
S. Campo ◽  
S. Z. Cekan ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

ABSTRACT The variation of the plasma levels of 11 steroids and LH was investigated in 6 normally menstruating women during the peri-menstrual period. Blood was withdrawn continuously over a period of 42 h at a rate of 4 ml/h by means of a non-thrombogenic pump. The changes in hormone levels were studied during 14 3-h sampling periods (42 h) which - with respect to the clock time - were identical in all subjects. Cortisol, 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone exhibited a marked circadian rhythm with the highest mean levels in the morning between 06.00 and 09.00 h and the lowest mean levels during the night between 21.00 and 03.00 h. The amplitude of the variation was high, the differences between the highest and lowest values being 200, 590 and 150%, respectively. Also the coincidence of individual peak values with the average peaks was high (mostly in 5 out of 6 cases). The correlation of cortisol levels with those of 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone was significant (r = 0.79 and 0.59, respectively; P < 0.001). The circadian variation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and pregnenolone was also significant, but less pronounced, as indicated by lower amplitudes and larger spread of individual peaks around average peaks. The correlation of the levels of these steroids with those of cortisol was significant (r=0.47 P<0.001; r=0.44 P<0.001 and r=0.31: P<0.01, respectively). Progesterone, 20α-dihydroprogesterone, testosterone and oestradiol did not exhibit any circadian variation, but a steady decrease of levels. The levels of the first two steroids were significantly correlated (r = 0.81; P < 0.001). The dihydrotestosterone and LH levels did not show any significant changes during the entire study. If, however, only the second half of the sampling time was statistically analysed, a significant increase was found in the LH levels. During this time the LH levels were negatively correlated with the decreasing levels of progesterone and 20α-dihydroprogesterone (r=−0.59 and −0.66, respectively; P < 0.001). A comparison of the data with those of a previous study performed during the peri-ovulatory period suggests that the occurrence, intensity and regularity of the circadian rhythm varies according to different phases of the menstrual cycle. The data also suggest that 17-hydroxypregnenolone in plasma is an excellent indicator of adrenocortical activity.

SIGNIFIKANTE VERÄNDERUNG DES ALKALISCHEN LEUKOZYTENPHOSPHATASE-INDEX WÄHREND DES MENSTRUELLEN ZYKLUS

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bauer-Sič
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Woman ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women

ABSTRACT For the determination of alcaline phosphatase of leucocytes (ALP) blood smears from 5 menstruating women, 2 pregnant women, 1 postmenopausal woman, and 3 men were examined daily during some cycles or for a period of several months. In contrast to the males and the postmenopausal woman, the women with a regular menstrual cycle show a significant increase in ALP starting approximately at the 15th day after the onset of the menstruation bleeding and lasting for 3–5 days. The maximum level corresponded to the time of ovulation. Furthermore there was a good correlation between the ALP-values with the known amounts of oestrogens excreted during a normal menstrual cycle. Therefore the cytochemical determination of ALP provides a rapid additional method for testing the ovarial function when carried out daily. When the single ALP determination is done, like in routine clinical analysis, consideration should be given to the day of the cycle when the sample was taken.

CONCENTRATIONS OF PROSTAGLANDINS F2α AND E2 IN THE ENDOMETRIUM THROUGHOUT THE HUMAN MENSTRUAL CYCLE, AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF CLOMIPHENE OR AN OESTROGEN–PROGESTOGEN PILL AND IN EARLY PREGNANCY

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. MAATHUIS ◽  
R. W. KELLY
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Endometrial Tissue ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Decidual Tissue ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Human Menstrual Cycle

The concentrations of prostaglandins F2α (PGF) and E2 (PGE) were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in endometrial tissue obtained from 45 normal women at various stages of the menstrual cycle. During the proliferative stages, the concentration of PGF in the endometrium was correlated with the concentration of oestradiol in the plasma. The concentration of PGF during the mid-secretory stage (mean, 2·047, range, 0·549–4·344 μg/g fresh endometrial tissue) was significantly higher than the concentrations during the late proliferative and late secretory stages. The endometrial concentration of PGE did not show a cyclic variation. The concentrations of PGF and PGE in samples of endometrium collected after the administration of clomiphene were significantly lower than the concentrations observed in endometrial tissue obtained from normally menstruating women in the mid-proliferative period. The administration of an oestrogen–progestogen pill resulted in higher endometrial concentrations of PGE than were measured in the mid-secretory phase. The concentrations of PGF and PGE in decidual tissue (conceptual age 3–10 weeks) were lower than those measured at any stage of the normal menstrual cycle. During the human menstrual cycle, high levels of oestradiol and progesterone are related to high endometrial levels of PGF but not PGE. The presence of a conceptus apparently blocks the effect of high concentrations of ovarian steroids on the synthesis or catabolism of prostaglandins.

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATING STEROIDS IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Guerrero ◽  
T. Aso ◽  
P. F. Brenner ◽  
Z. Cekan ◽  
B.-M. Landgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT In an attempt to analyze the multiple changes and interactions in circulating steroid levels in the peri-ovulatory and peri-menstrual periods, the plasma levels of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone and unconjugated pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, oestradiol and oestrone were assayed daily during a complete cycle in 17 normally menstruating women. In 14 of the 17 subjects studied androstenedione and unconjugated dihydrotestosterone were also estimated. The day of the LH-peak and the first day of menstruation, respectively, were used to synchronize the peri-ovulatory and peri-menstrual plasma levels of the various steroids. With the exception of dehydroepiandrosterone and dihydrotestosterone, the plasma levels of all steroids exhibited significant, but different changes during the cycle. Testosterone levels showed a slight but significant increase around the LH-peak, whereas the levels of pregnenolone and androstenedione were higher in the post-ovulatory than in the pre-ovulatory periods. The levels of oestradiol and oestrone, as well as the ratios of oestradiol to oestrone gradually increased from the low values observed in the early proliferative phase to pre-ovulatory peak values. The relationship between peaks of oestradiol and oestrone and that of LH exhibited great individual variation. The same was true for the individual oestradiol to oestrone ratios. The combination of several steroidal signals did not improve the predictive value of the analyses. However, an increase of individual progesterone values by at least 0.35 ng/ml from the day preceding the LH-peak to the day of the LH-peak was observed in 13 of the 17 subjects. It is suggested that for the early detection of the LH surge and prediction of the subsequent ovulation daily assays of plasma progesterone are of more value than the assay of the other steroids investigated.

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATING STEROIDS IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nuñez ◽  
A.-R. Aedo ◽  
B.-M. Landgren ◽  
S. Z. Cekan ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Cyclic Pattern ◽  
Oestrone Sulphate ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

ABSTRACT The plasma levels of oestrone sulphate, oestradiol sulphate, oestrone and oestradiol were studied in samples collected daily from 8 normally menstruating women throughout a complete menstrual cycle. In order to ascertain the normality of the cycles studied, LH and progesterone were also determined daily. All compounds were measured by radioimmunoassay, the sulphates after solvolysis. For the determination of the sulphates a procedure was developed which fulfilled the recognized criteria of reliability. Both oestrone sulphate and oestradiol sulphate displayed a marked cyclic pattern, similar to and correlated with that of oestrone and oestradiol, i. e., all 4 oestrogens exhibited a marked mid-cycle peak and elevated levels during the luteal phase. The mean levels of the steroid moiety of oestrone sulphate were 10–15 times higher than those of oestrone, and 2–3 times higher than those of the 3 other oestrogens together. On the other hand, the mean levels of oestradiol sulphate were 1.2 to 4 times lower than those of oestradiol. The ratios of the levels of various pairs of oestrogens were calculated. All pairs showed a considerable change of ratios from the early follicular phase to mid-cycle. This demonstrates that the mutual metabolic equilibria of oestrogens are different in various phases of the cycle. Daily measurements of oestrone sulphate and oestradiol sulphate do not seem to provide a better index to predict the day of ovulation than the characteristic changes in progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF TESTOSTERONE DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. A. Ismail ◽  
R. A. Harkness ◽  
J. A. Loraine
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Steroid Excretion

ABSTRACT Serial assays of urinary testosterone have been performed in seven normally menstruating women; in six of these pregnanediol estimations were also conducted and in four oestrogen determinations were made. All the cycles were of an ovulatory character as judged by the pattern of steroid excretion. In five subjects peaks of testosterone output were observed in the luteal phase of the cycle. In one a broad band of excretion extended from midcycle into the luteal phase, and in one the luteal peak was absent. Four women showed definite peaks of testosterone output at midcycle, and in two follicular phase peaks were also encountered. It is suggested that fluctuations in urinary testosterone excretion during the normal menstrual cycle result from the secretion of precursors of the hormone by the ovaries rather than by the adrenals.

scholarly journals Symptomatic Changes of Oral Mucosa during Normal Hormonal Turnover in Healthy Young Menstruating Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Balan ◽  
Nitin Gonsalves ◽  
Maji Jose ◽  
KL Girish
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstrual History ◽  
Menstruating Women

ABSTRACT Introduction Changes in hormonal levels, such as those that occur during puberty, pregnancy, menstruation and menopause, have varying effects on oral cavity. Many researchers have proposed a direct link between changing hormonal status and oral health among females. Objectives To study the various symptoms and clinical manifestations of oral cavity during normal course of menstrual cycle in healthy women. Method Our study comprised of forty healthy young women volunteers with normal menstrual cycle of 28 to 30 days. A proper menstrual history was recorded from the study subjects. The entire cycle was divided into four phases comprising of bleeding, proliferative, ovulation and secretory. All the study subjects had a menstrual cycle of 28 to 30 days. Thorough recording of oral discomforts during various phases of the cycle was done during the study period. Results 30% of study subjects complained of aphthous ulcers, 5% had herpes labialis, 25% of them complained of depression, 8% showed gingival bleeding. Conclusion Complaints, like oral ulcerations, mood variations, recurrent herpetic lesions, gingival bleeding in females during normal menstrual period, are attributed to the role of female sex hormones. Clinical significance Lesions, like oral ulcers, recurrent herpetic lesions and increased gingival bleeding, seen in females during normal menstrual periods, could be related to hormonal turnover and therefore treated accordingly. How to cite this article Balan U, Gonsalves N, Jose M, Girish KL. Symptomatic Changes of Oral Mucosa during Normal Hormonal Turnover in Healthy Young Menstruating Women. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):178-181.

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